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BEIJING, March 26 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank governor has spoken highly of the government's rapid responses to the current global financial crisis, featuring decisively adopting a proactive fiscal policy and an adaptively easing monetary policy, and launching a bundle of timely, targeted and temporary policies and measures.     The prompt, decisive and effective policy measures adopted by the Chinese government demonstrates "its superior system advantage when it comes to making vital policy decisions," says Zhou Xiaochuan, president of the People's Bank of China (PBC), in an article entitled "Changing Pro-cyclicality for Financial and Economic Stability."     It is Zhou's third article published on the central bank's official website (WWW.PBC.GOV.CN) this week to discuss the issue of the current global financial crisis. His first and second articles, published on Monday and Tuesday, are entitled "Reform the International Monetary System" and "On Savings Ratio," respectively.     In the third article, the 61-year old central bank governor tries to find out the root causes for the current financial crisis, including but not limited to lessons on monetary policy, financial sector regulations, accounting rules.     The top Chinese banker says he wants to stimulate debate and discussions on some of the pro-cyclical features in the system, possible remedial measures, and how monetary and fiscal authorities can play their professional roles at times of severe market distress.     "Financial crises normally originate in the accumulation of bubbles and their subsequent bursts. Usually, economists pay a lot of attentions to pro-cyclicality on the macro level.     However, on the micro level, there are quite a number of notable pro-cyclical features embedded in the market structure today, which should be addressed as we deal with the current crisis and reform the financial system," he says.     Zhou suggests that in the current market structure, more counter-cyclical mechanisms or negative feedback loops on micro-level should be put in place to sustain a more stable financial system.     In the article, he notes that rating problems and herding phenomenon arise from outsourcing.     The global financial system relies heavily on the external credit ratings for investment decisions and risk management, giving rise to a prominent feature of pro-cyclicality, according to the central bank governor.     "Economic upswings produce euphoria and downturns generate pessimism," he says, "Many market players adopting ratings from the three agencies and using them as the yardstick for operations and internal performance assessments clearly result in a massive "herd behavior" at the institutional level."     Zhou points out that some market players seem to have forgotten that the ratings are no more than indicators of default probabilities based on past experiences but were never meant to be guarantees for the future, he says. "Once problems take place, as we have seen during the current crisis, fingers are pointed to the rating agencies," he says.     He suggests that financial institutions should try to rely more on internal rating in assessing risks.     He calls for giving full play to the professional role of authorities in maintaining overall financial stability and establishing a counter-cyclical mechanism for capital requirement     "To stabilize markets under severe stress, finance ministries and central banks need to act fast and apply extraordinary measures," he says, "Untimely or delayed response falls behind the curve and would make the outcome less than desired even if the response is correct and strong."     In modern Western societies, a prolonged political process for mandates to finance ministries or central banks often miss the best timing for action, Zhou says, adding, "We have observed such cases during the current crisis."     He suggests that governments and legislatures may consider giving pre-authorized mandates to ministries of finance and central banks to use extraordinary means to contain systemic risk under well-defined stress scenarios, in order to allow them to act boldly and expeditiously without having to go through a lengthy or even painful approval process.     "Such systematic pre-authorized mandates would put the specialized expertise of finance ministries and central banks to the best use when markets need it the most," he stresses.     The central bank governor attributes China's current success in easing the impacts of the crisis to the country's financial sector reform and ongoing macroeconomic stimulus measures     In 2003, fully aware of the systemic vulnerabilities of China's banking industry, the Chinese government made a courageous and strategic decision to restructure the four state-owned commercial banks, says Zhou, who took over as the PBC governor in late 2002.     In the article, Zhou gives a look back on the reforms of the country's major banks and security industry.     But he warns, "We should bear in mind that despite the notable achievements in banking reform, the major banks have not gone through a full business cycle and still have much to improve. An economic slowdown will be the ultimate stress test for the robustness of the banks' strengths."     According to the bank governor, irrespective of China's sound financial sector, the Chinese economy, especially the export sector, has felt the impact brought by the slowdown of the global economy.     He praises the Chinese government for its plans to stimulate domestic demand and promote stable and relatively rapid economic growth, including the extra investment of 4 trillion yuan (685 billion U.S. dollars) in over two years, the ten measures to revitalize the industrial sectors, and other bolster measures to increase money supply, promote employment, reform taxes and medical and healthcare system.     "Having taken the above-mentioned measures, China expect to maintain stable economic growth by boosting domestic demand and reducing dependence on external demand, thus serving as a stabilizing force in global economy," Zhou says.     In overall, the macroeconomic measures have produced preliminary result and some leading indicators are pointing to recovery of economic growth, indicating that rapid decline in growth has been curbed, he concludes.

BEIJING, Feb. 9 (Xinhua) -- Chinese equities continued gains on Monday from last week's trading and advanced to a four-month high since late September as signs of an economic recovery, a raft of stimulus plans and a rally in the U.S. stock market boosted confidence, said analysts.     The government rolled out plans to revive the textile industry and machinery manufacturing industry last week after auto and steel stimulus packages. Measures to support the shipping industry, the non-ferrous metal industry and others are yet to come.     These efforts helped buoyed market confidence, said analysts. The country's economy was resilient and posted signs of recovery, partially because of the economic stimulus plans as the Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) of the manufacturing sector released on Feb.4 rose to 45.3 in January from 41.2 in December.     The Shanghai A-share index rose 43.47 points, or 1.99 percent, to close at 2,224.71, and the Shenzhen Component Index posted a bigger rise of 4.06 percent, or 315.79 points, to 8,087.69.     Combined turnover climbed to a nearly nine-month high at 235.5 billion yuan (34.5 billion U.S. dollars), up from the 189.6 billion yuan from the previous trading day.     Gains outnumber losses by 841 to 29 in Shanghai and 713 to 34 in Shenzhen.     Non-ferrous metal rose across the board boosted by rising metal prices. Shanghai copper surged by its daily limit of 5 percent, or1,400 yuan per tonne to 29,510 yuan per tonne. Shanghai aluminum rose 3.56 percent to 12,225 yuan per tonne. Their gains also lifted other base metals.     Aluminum Corporation of China, the country's largest aluminum producer, advanced by the daily limit of 10 percent to end at 9.56yuan. Yunnan copper, China's third largest smelter of the metal, rose by the daily limit of 10 percent to 13.07 yuan. Liaoning-based Huludao Zinc Industry also gained by the daily limit of 10 percent to 4.16 yuan.     China Cosco Holdings Co. surged by the daily limit of 10 percent to 10.74 yuan after the Baltic Dry Index, a gauge of commodity shipping costs, posted a strong rise of 53 percent over last week. China Shipping Container Lines Company moved up 6.49 percent to 3.34 yuan.

BEIJING, March 27 (Xinhua) -- China Friday called on the international community to "act cautiously" on the Darfur issue as it is afraid rash action could damage peace and stability in Sudan.     "The involved parties should fully respect and listen carefully to the voices of the African Union (AU), the Arab League and African and Arabian countries," Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping said in his meeting with visiting Sudanese president's envoy Awad Ahmed al-Jaz in Beijing.     "The international community should further promote the deployment of the UN/AU hybrid operation in Darfur", Xi said.     Xi called on the international community to help advance the political process, to ensure the Doha-mediated dialogue will achieve substantive progress and facilitate the smooth progress ofthe humanitarian aid in the Darfur region.     Under joint mediation of the United Nations (UN) and the AU, as well as the sponsorship of Qatar, the Sudanese government and rebel Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) signed in Doha last month a goodwill agreement to pave the way for resumption of peace negotiations.     During the meeting, Xi also highlighted the growth of relations between China and Sudan since the two forged diplomatic relations 50 years ago. Xi noted China would regard the 50th anniversary as an opportunity to push traditional friendly relations to a higher level.     Echoing Xi's views, al-Jaz said that Sudan expected to continue to cement bilateral friendly cooperation with China in various fields and would firmly support China on the issues of Taiwan and Tibet.     He said the Sudanese government would never recognize the arrest warrant against President al-Bashir but still remained committed to working with the UN and AU and take effective measures to improve the humanitarian situation in Darfur and coordinate with the implementation of the UN/AU hybrid operation in the region.

BEIJING, Feb. 17 (Xinhua) -- After a three-day visit to Saudi Arabia beginning Feb. 10, Chinese President Hu Jintao started an Africa tour aimed at enhancing China's friendship with developing countries in the region.     The trip, which took Hu to Mali, Senegal, Tanzania and Mauritius from Feb. 12 to 17, has given new impetus to the traditional friendship between China and Africa. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) talks with Saudi Arabian King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz during their meeting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Feb. 10, 2009The time-honored friendship between China and Africa can be traced back to as early as the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), when Chinese navigator Zheng He traveled to the African continent during his seven epic voyages.     In the 1960s, when most African countries launched a wave of independence struggles, late Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai had also visited Africa to express his country's staunch support for its African brothers.     The fates of the Chinese and African peoples are closely interrelated as they share a similar history and similar developmental tasks, and the two sides have carried out various forms of cooperation based on the principles of equality and mutual benefit. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with Malian President Amadou Toumany Toure in Bamako, Mali, on Feb. 12, 2009"Every time I come, it's like coming back home," Hu said while delivering a key speech in the Tanzanian capital of Dar es Salaam on Monday.     So far, China has provided aid to the best of its ability to 53 African countries under the framework of "South-South cooperation," aiming to help the countries achieve independent development and socio-economic progress.     China-Africa relations entered a new stage of comprehensive development at the Beijing Summit of China-Africa Cooperation Forum in 2006, when they established a new type of strategic partnership featuring political equality and mutual trust, economic win-win cooperation and cultural exchanges. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with his Senegalese counterpart Abdoulaye Wade in Dakar, capital of Senegal, Feb. 13, 2009Hu's latest visit to Africa, his sixth in all and second since the Beijing Summit, opens a new chapter in the China-Africa friendship.     The tour also brings new opportunities to review the results of the China-Africa friendly cooperation.     The Chinese president announced an eight-measure policy designed to strengthen pragmatic cooperation with Africa at the Beijing Summit in November 2006. Several months later, he paid a visit to Africa, during which a series of cooperation agreements were signed with an aim to implement the policy. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with his Tanzanian counterpart Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Feb. 15, 2009Now in 2009, the concluding year for implementation of the package, the Chinese president visited Africa again to exchange views with the leaders of African countries on the fulfillment of the commitments made at the Beijing Summit.     During the visit, Hu also discussed with them the preparatory work for the fourth ministerial conference of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum later this year in an effort to enhance the China-Africa strategic partnership.     The swift and efficient implementation of the eight measures has brought tangible benefits, and the measures have thus been well received by the governments and people of Africa and the international community. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with Mauritian President Anerood Jugnauth in Port Louis, Mauritius, Feb. 17, 2009Chairman of the African Union (AU) Commission, Jean Ping, said in late January that China is Africa's key cooperative partner.     The AU chief also spoken highly of China's role in Africa's infrastructure development, saying "China has played a fundamental part in the improvement of infrastructure facilities across African countries."     The World Bank has said China has made major contributions to promoting the development of Africa, and expressed the hope that African countries would combine China's developmental experiences with their own national conditions.     Moreover, President Hu's trip this time brings new commitments for the future development of friendly and cooperative ties between China and Africa.     Countries around the world currently face grave challenges amid the ongoing global financial downturn, with the impact of the crisis spreading to emerging-market countries as well as developing nations.     Under such circumstances, Hu made a solemn pledge during his Africa tour that China will continue to implement its commitments made at the Beijing Summit in a timely and reliable manner, despite all the challenges his country faces in its own economic development.     China will by no means cut assistance to Africa, said Hu. Instead, it will do its best to continue to increase aid to the continent, offer debt relief to African countries, and expand trade and investment with them.     Hu's commitments were warmly applauded by the leaders of the African countries, who pledged to join hands with China in facing the impact of the financial crisis.     A Gabonese newspaper commented that China, which had pledged to honor its earlier commitments and not to reduce aid to Africa despite the economic pressure from the ongoing crisis, had indeed exercised the responsibilities of a big country.

WASHINGTON, March 12 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi on Thursday proposed some major guidelines for China and the United States to promote sound and steady growth of bilateral relations in the new era. Speaking at a luncheon meeting at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Yang expressed satisfaction that the two countries have worked together and ensured a smooth transition of bilateral relations in the past 50 days since the new U.S. administration took office.     The two sides have established good working relations at the top level and between various government departments and maintained close consultation and coordination in bilateral and multilateral areas, he said. Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi delivers a speech at the center for strategic & international studies (CSIS) in Washington, the United States of America on March 12, 2009.    "A good beginning is half the success," Yang said, noting that this good start has laid the groundwork for the further growth of China-U.S. relations.     "We should now set our sight on the longer term and draw up a good blueprint for China-U.S. relations in the coming years. We should make concerted efforts and promote sound and steady growth of our relations," he said.     To do this, the minister proposed some guidelines which he believed could help advance China-U.S. relations in the coming years.     First, he said, both sides should adopt a strategic and long-term perspective and keep the relations on the right track.     China and the United States now have more common interests and a broader foundation of cooperation on a series of major and pressing issues facing today's world, according to the minister. The strategic significance and global influence of China-U.S. relations have further increased and their relations in the new era should be broader and deeper.     The minister believed that the two countries should work together in an all-around way to raise bilateral relations to a new and much higher level of cooperation in the 21st century on the basis of mutual respect, seeking common ground while shelving differences and cooperation for win-win results.     Second, Minister Yang said, both sides should maintain close dialogue and exchanges at the top and other levels and cement the political foundation of the relations.     Over the years, he said, close communication and frequent exchanges between the two countries "have given a strong boost to the sustained, sound and steady growth of our relations."     He hoped that both sides will work together and launch proposed "China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogues" mechanism at an early date so that through continued discussions on strategic, overarching and long-term issues of mutual interest, they will further enhance mutual trust and cooperation.     Third, according to the minister, both sides should expand mutually-beneficial cooperation and inject fresh impetus into the relations. U.S. President Barack Obama (R) meets with Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi at the White House, Washington, the United States, on March 12, 2009The priority for China and the United States at the moment, Yang said, is to tackle the international financial crisis through intensified cooperation and work together to maintain and promote world financial and economic stability.     He said China and the United States share important common interests with respect to climate change, energy and the environment and have broader prospects to cooperate in such fields as counter-terrorism, nonproliferation, military-to-military relations, science and technology, culture and health.     The fourth guideline, he believed, is that both sides should respect and accommodate each other's core interests and make every effort to minimize potential disruption and damage to the relations.     The minister urged the U.S. side to handle Taiwan-related issues prudently and properly and respect the Chinese people's position of upholding state sovereignty and territorial integrity on equal sensitive issues related to Tibet.     For the fifth, Minister Yang said that both sides should promote dialogue and exchanges between people of the two countries and build stronger public support for the relations.     "We will not forget that the ice in China-U.S. relations began to thaw with the mutual visits of our pingpong teams," he said.     "The tremendous progress made in our relations over the last 30years would not have been possible without the active involvement and support of people from all walks of life in both countries," he added.     "It is of particular importance to look ahead to the future and vigorously promote and support exchanges and cooperation between the young people, so that the cause of China-U.S. friendship will endure and prosper further, the minister stressed. Yang is here on a five-day working visit as a guest of U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

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