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BEIJING, Jan. 17 (Xinhuanet) -- India has reported the first case of "totally drug-resistant tuberculosis," a long-feared and virtually untreatable form of the killer lung disease.Similar highly resistant cases have been noted before. In 2003, two Italian women died and there were 15 cases reported from Iran in 2009. That same year, The Associated Press reported on a case of a Peruvian teenager who was infected at home but diagnosed while visiting Florida.Such kind of TB has mostly been limited to impoverished areas, and has not spread widely. But experts believe there could be many undocumented cases.No one expects the Indian TB strains to rapidly spread elsewhere.The airborne disease is mainly transmitted through close personal contact and isn't nearly as contagious as the flu. Indeed, most of the cases of this kind of TB were not from person-to-person infection but were mutations that occurred in poorly treated patients.The Indian hospital that saw the initial cases tested a dozen medicines and none of them worked. A TB expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said they do appear to be totally resistant to available drugs."It is concerning," said Dr. Kenneth Castro, director of the CDC's Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. "Anytime we see something like this, we better get on top of it before it becomes a more widespread problem."Ordinary TB is easily cured by taking antibiotics for six to nine months. However, if that treatment is interrupted or the dose is cut down, the stubborn bacteria battle back and mutate into a tougher strain that can no longer be killed by standard drugs. The disease becomes harder and more expensive to treat.Tuberculosis is an age-old scourge that lies dormant in an estimated one in three people. About 10 percent of those people eventually develop active TB, which kills roughly 2 million a year, according to WHO. Each victim infects an average of 10 to 15 others every year, typically through sneezing or coughing.If a TB case is found to be resistant to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, the patient is classified as having multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR). An even worse classification of TB — one the WHO accepts — is extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), a form of the disease that was first reported in 2006 and is virtually resistant to all drugs.About 20 percent of the world's multi-drug-resistant cases were found in India, which is home to a quarter of all types of tuberculosis cases worldwide.

BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Miners, construction workers and people in hotel and food service industry are most likely to smoke in the U.S., according to new research finding.The finding was contained in a report released Thursday by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).According to the finding, miners and people in hotel and food service have a cigarette smoking rate of 30 percent, followed closely by construction workers' 29.7 percent.Both rates are much higher than the average smoking rate of 19.6 percent among all U.S. working adults.Workers in the education services industry have the lowest smoking rate, with 9.7 percent, followed by the 10.9 percent of workers in company management, the report said.Low education levels are a factor in high smoking rates, along with poverty and gender, said Ann Malarcher, senior scientific adviser at the CDC."Although some progress has been made in reducing smoking prevalence among working adults," the report wrote, "additional effective employer interventions need to be implemented."Smoking kills an estimated 443,000 each year in the U.S., costing about 193 billion U.S. dollars annually in direct health care expenses and productivity loss.

BEIJING, Dec. 24 (Xinhua) -- A senior Chinese official has urged to improve work in the country's judicial administrative departments.Zhou Yongkang, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, made the remarks at a meeting honoring excellent individuals and collectives in the judicial administrative sector in the past five years.Zhou commended the contributions that the judicial administrative departments have made to social stability, the building of socialist legal system, and the development of the society and economy, asking those being honored to make persistent efforts to serve the people.Zhou urged the judicial administrative organs at all levels to make new progress in serving the development by enhancing law awareness and providing high quality legal services.He also called for building grassroots mediation organizations that people can rely on, in order to resolve disputes in the grassroots and nip them in the bud.Labor education and rehabilitation in jails, as well as the community rehabilitation programs that can help law offenders successfully return and reintegrate into society, should be further improved, Zhou said, adding that it will also help enhance the social harmony by preventing repeated crimes.

RIYADH, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- China and Saudi Arabia pledged to work together to further expand all-around exchanges and cooperation as Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao Saturday unfolded his official visit to the Middle East kingdom.China and Saudi Arabia have treated each other as equals with respect and their cooperation has been fruitful since the establishment of diplomatic ties 22 years ago, said Wen while meeting Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.In recent years, despite the fact that international and regional situation became ever complicated and volatile, the two countries have strengthened high-level exchanges and promoted political mutual trust, said Wen, adding that the two have always demonstrated mutual understanding and support on issues involving their core interests and of major concern.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) holds talks with Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Jan. 14, 2012.The premier said the decision to lift bilateral ties to an even higher level has shown the two nations' firm commitment to jointly face challenges and protect common interests as the world situation is undergoing profound changes.China would like to work with the Saudi side in deepening exchanges and cooperation in various aspects so as to benefit the two peoples and promote world peace and development, Wen added.He said the two sides should expand trade of crude oil and natural gas and energy-related cooperation as to deepen their energy partnership.Wen also asked the two countries to promote investment cooperation. The Chinese government encourages well-established Chinese companies to participate in Saudi Arabia's infrastructure construction such as railway, sea ports, electricity and telecommunications, he said.The two nations could also enhance security and law enforcement cooperation and promote people-to-people exchanges in areas like education and sports, as well as between the two nations' youths.Nayef said Saudi Arabia and China enjoy a time-honored history of exchanges, adding that the Saudi people have friendly feelings toward the Chinese people and expect even better bilateral ties.With joint efforts, bilateral ties have moved forward continuously with remarkable achievements in bilateral cooperation, he said, added that the partnership has bright prospects.Nayef said Saudi Arabia is willing to further boost political mutual trust with China, expand bilateral cooperation in economy and trade, energy, infrastructure, culture, press, and security, promote friendship between the two peoples, and lift bilateral ties to a higher level.Wen arrived here on Saturday evening after a short official visit to Nepal on the same day.

BEIJING, Jan. 10 (Xinhua) -- China's energy chief said here Tuesday that the country is under greater pressure to ensure energy supply this year as both demand and international competition for resources grows.Liu Tienan, head of the National Energy Administration (NEA), made the remarks when speaking at a national energy work conference."It is always worrisome to have to sustain supply of energy and resources for a country with 1.3 billion people," Liu said.As China is facing a "grim situation" in energy saving and emission reduction, Liu noted, it is urgent to restructure the country's energy use and control the gross consumption volume this year.To ensure a stable energy supply, China will optimize the layout of energy exploration, start construction of energy-transmission projects and other major energy programs while boosting reserves of oil, natural gas and coal in 2012, Liu said.The NEA plans to add another 200 metric tons to the country's coal-producing capacity this year plus 70 million kw of new installed power-generating capacity.If the ecology is protected and people are relocated, China will start construction of hydropower projects of 20 million kw in 2012, according to the NEA.Once safety is ensured, nuclear power will be developed after the country's new safety plan is approved.As for renewable energy development, the NEA plans to launch wind power projects with a total capacity between 15 million kw and 18 million kw, while developing 3 million kw of solar power over the new five-year period ending 2015.Liu said, in 2012, the country aims to provide electricity to another 600,000 people who currently have no access to it and expand electricity access to 5 million people by 2015.The NEA has budgeted 65 billion yuan (10.3 billion U.S. dollars) for upgrading the grids in rural areas.Over the next four years, China will facilitate the development of non-conventional natural gas, such as shale gas and coalbed methane by increasing the number of natural gas users by 100 million to 250 million.A key indicator measuring the economic vitality, power consumption rose 11.7 percent year-on-year to 4.7 trillion kWh in China in 2011. The growth in 2012 is expected to slow to 8.5 percent amid the country's economic slowdown.