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WASHINGTON, July 15 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have found that grape seed polyphenols -- a natural antioxidant -- may help prevent the development or delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease.The research, led by Giulio Pasinetti, was published online Friday in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, which causes brain changes that gradually get worse.This is the first study to evaluate the ability of grape- derived polyphenols to prevent the generation of a specific form of amyloid (A) peptide, a substance in the brain long known to cause the neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease.In partnership with a team at the University of Minnesota, Pasinetti and collaborators administered grape seed polyphenolic extracts to mice genetically determined to develop memory deficits and A neurotoxins similar to those found in Alzheimer's disease. They found that the brain content of the A*56, a specific form of A previously implicated in the promotion of Alzheimer's disease memory loss, was substantially reduced after treatment.Previous studies suggest that increased consumption of grape- derived polyphenols, whose content, for example, is very high in red wine, may protect against cognitive decline in Alzheimer's. This new finding corroborates those theories."Since naturally occurring polyphenols are also generally commercially available as nutritional supplements and have negligible adverse events even after prolonged periods of treatment, this new finding holds significant promise as a preventive method or treatment, and is being tested in translational studies in Alzheimer's disease patients," said Pasinetti.In Alzheimer's disease, brain cells degenerate and die, causing a steady decline in memory and mental function.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Google on Tuesday introduced several new features of its search services on desktops and smartphones, which the Internet search giant said could help users get to their search results faster.SEARCH BY VOICE, IMAGESpeaking at Google's Inside Search event in San Francisco, Mike Cohen, head of the company's speech technology efforts, said its voice search is now available in 27 languages and dialects, an estimated coverage of around 5 billion people or two-thirds of world population.Voice search has already been available in Google's mobile search application from 2008. Adding the feature to desktops is part of Google's strategy to bring mobile innovations to its desktop search.The voice search on desktop performs similarly to voice search on smartphones -- users can click the microphone button and speak the query. It is only available via Google's Chrome browser for now.Cohen noted that the volume of Google mobile speech inputs has increased by six times in the last year.Also at the event, Google introduced search-by-image, which enables users to drag-and-drop, copy-and-paste image URL, or upload the image from the desktop into the search box. They can also use a Chrome or FireFox software extension to add images to the search.Google said the search-by-image feature will be available in most countries and regions over the next few days to Chrome users, noting that it will not collect and store any images that users use.

JAKARTA, Sept. 21 (Xinhua) -- Comprehensive efforts are needed to save coral reefs as their living compound is prone to environmental damage, an Indonesian expert told Xinhua in an exclusive interview on Tuesday.Nurul Dhewani Mirah Sjafrie, coordinator of Coral Reef Information and Training Center (CRITC) for western Indonesia at the Indonesian Science Institute, the government think-tank institution, said that currently only more than five percent of coral reefs in Indonesia are in "excellent condition.""Based on monitoring of the thousands of observation stations we have, the rest are in damage, bad and moderate condition," Sjafrie said in her office.She said that it is not impossible to increase the number as long as all people are aware of the importance to save coral reefs."People should be aware that coral reefs live in sea with warm enough temperature of 18-25 Celsius degree with certain level of brightness, among others. If the requirements are fulfilled, we can see coral reef growing safely," said Sjafrie.She also said it needs upstream-to-downstream arrangement to support the efforts."For example, in western Indonesia, we have many big rivers. If illegal logging practice keeps continuing, it will cause sedimentation in the sea. It means there is a decreasing quality. So, coral reef salvation is not only conducted in ocean," Sjafrie said.She also expressed concern that many people dump garbage in rivers."They throw their garbage in plastic bags. For plastic only, it takes 100 years to be completely decomposed. Let's say 10-15 percent of our people do the malpractice everyday, you can imagine how many garbage entering the sea," she said.Sjafrie said that the key to guard coral reef sustainability is in human habit."Coral reef destruction could be caused by nature such as tsunami, earthquake, crown torn (Acanthaster plancii) that consumes coral reefs. But the biggest factor is human with their destructive fishing using bombs," she said.According to Sjafrie, people do the practice with three causes, namely ignorance, needs and greed.She added that efforts have been conducted by the government, private sector and non governmental organizations (NGOs) to save coral reefs."We have a program called the CORMAP of Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program. The government uses instrument of National Program of People Empowerment while NGOs do their part. If we could combine the actions, we could reach the same goal," she said.She added that the government train people to be productive by providing skills and in the same time, her organization and NGOs socialize and campaign the importance of coral reefs."When people have better jobs and activities and they are equipped with the awareness, they will do positive thing and stop destroying the sea," Sjafrie said.

BEIJING, Sept. 6 (Xinhuanet) -- NASA will launch on Thursday twin lunar orbiters built to map the gravity of Earth's moon in unprecedented detail, media reported Tuesday.The twin lunar probes, Graili-A and Graili-B, will blast off from Florida's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at 8:37 a.m. EDT and at 9:16 a.m. EDT respectively Thursday, according to NASA.The Grail twins will travel three to four months to get to the moon under a slower but more economical plan.Artist concept of GRAIL mission. Grail will fly twin spacecraft in tandem orbits around the moon for several months to measure its gravity field in unprecedented detail.The two spacecrafts will reach the moon around New Year's Day when they will begin to probe the moon's composition from the crust to the core, according to NASA.The data collected by the probes will be used to better understand the moon's evolution and formation, NASA scientists said.Researchers will also use the twin probes to pinpoint the best landing sites for future explorations.The mission, from start to finish, costs 496 million U.S. dollars. The two Grail probes will crash into the moon after its mission.

UNITED NATIONS, June 9 (Xinhua) -- The message delivered by scores of speakers on the second day of the three-day UN High Level Meeting on AIDS on Thursday, marking 30 years of the pandemic, was that most of their countries were making progress but increased efforts had to be made with greater cooperation needed among nations.In the case of developing states, gratitude was expressed for past help but more aid was needed to continue the battle.Despite the similarities in content, the chair, UN General Assembly President Joseph Deiss, repeatedly appealed to speakers to limit their speeches to their allotted five minutes, warning at the halfway point that if everyone was taking an extra few minutes, a fourth day would have to be added to the agenda.One of the briefest addresses, well under time, was delivered by Yin Li, China's vice health minister, which he referred to as " a responsible developing country."Briefly listing some of the steps taken, the Chinese vice minister focused on achieving the UNAIDS goal of the three Zs -- " Zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths.""We should unite to generate a joint force, irrespective of gender, skin color, nationality, beliefs, values and ideology. Developed countries should further provide developing countries with unselfish, unconditional financial and technical support," he said. "Developing countries should place AIDS control in a position as important as economic development and actively explore prevention and treatment mode consistent with national conditions. ""Second, given the increasing disease burden of AIDS," he said, "the private sector and relevant organizations should shoulder more social responsibility."On the one hand efforts should be made to mobilize more resources in AIDS to better implement prevention, treatment and care measures; on the other hand, multinational drug manufacturers should reduce by a large margin the price of drugs, testing equipment and reagents through technology transfer, contract manufacturing and reduction of monopoly profits in order to promote universal access to treatment services," Yin added.Since AIDS prevention and treatment in China is an important component in the global fight against AIDS, he said, "Progress made in China is a positive contribution globally."The High Level Meeting on AIDS is taking place 10 years after the UN Special Session on HIV/AIDS and five years since signing of the Political Declaration in which UN Member States committed to universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.Norway's minister of the environment and international development, Erik Solheim, said, "Prevention and treatment must be mutually reinforcing and better treatment regiments need to be made available."He called for development of innovative methods for prevention.While Solheim said "remarkable" results had been achieved in the last three decades, there still was a need for a " transformation of current working methods."AIDS must be taken out of isolation into an "integrated approach," noting that HIV response has to be connected with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health and "HIV and AIDS programs should be mainstreamed into national health systems, he said.Solheim said that the social, political and economic empowerment of women is crucial and he welcomed the establishment of the new UN agency UN Women."The burden of HIV in the world is reduced but major challenges remain," the minister said. "Our experience is that the approaches that work well on HIV, are those based on rights and on promoting the dignity of people."Celsius Waterberg, the health minister of Suriname, said the nation "is among the few countries in the Caribbean where the incidence of HIV infection has decreased by more than 25 percent."The strides forward are due to a national multi-sectoral HIV Council, setting up structures to provide leadership in quality of services and training in revised treatment protocols, he said.Suriname, the smallest sovereign state in South America, on the northeast coast of the continent, also introduced combined prevention tools and implemented pilot projects successful in mobilizing men for circumcision as an additional preventive measure, Waterberg said.Challenges that need to be overcome include harmful traditions and customs, misconceptions and adverse beliefs, language barriers in a multilingual society and vulnerability of small communities and individuals due to HIV-related stigma, gender inequalities and poverty, he said.Victor Makwenge Kaput, health minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo, said that although the government had made progress in supporting individuals living with HIV and protecting the uninfected, it continues to face many challenges. Indeed, HIV prevalence stood at 3.7 percent for pregnant women and 3 percent for the general population, he said.AIDS' victims increasingly are women and youth with infections particularly concentrated along the Congo River, the minister said. Today, 1.2 million citizens are infected. Total population in the third largest country in Africa, about the size of Western Europe, is 71 million.He said women account for roughly 71,000 new infections each year and the government is now paying particular attention to mother-to-child transmission.Kaput said his long war-torn nation is committed to the global vision of zero infections and appealed for support to curb the spread of HIV.