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NASHVILLE, Tenn. — Metro Police have identified the six officers who first responded to the scene of the downtown explosion Christmas morning. City officials say these officers showed up to a "shots fired" call on 2nd Avenue around 5:30 a.m. Upon arrival, an RV on the street played a recording and countdown, saying the vehicle contained a bomb and warning everyone to leave the area. The officers helped several people evacuate before the RV exploded shortly after, around 6:30 a.m."They immediately began knocking on doors, not knowing when the bomb would go off," Chief John Drake said at a press conference Saturday night. "They didn't think of themselves...they thought of the citizens of Nashville. They saved lives today, and their heroism should be noted." Officer Brenna HoseyOfficer James LuellenOfficer Michael SiposOfficer Amanda ToppingOfficer James WellsSergeant Timothy MillerMayor John Cooper commended the officers as well. "They took swift action, directed people away, even when their own lives were in peril. This is a year we understand what first responders mean to our community time and time again." 1132

Nashville kindergarteners expressed their gratitude to James Shaw, the hero of the Waffle House shooting, for his bravery.The counselor at Glenn Elementary asked students to make cards after they asked what happened in the incident. They also made cards, saying they were sorry for the victims' loved ones.Four people were killed early Sunday morning when a gunman opened fire at a Waffle House in Antioch, Tennessee.The suspected gunman, Travis Reinking, was taken into custody Monday afternoon.  510

Neanderthals may not have been that different from us, after all.New evidence reveals that they created the world's oldest known cave paintings and even wore seashells as body ornaments. Both behaviors suggest that they thought symbolically and had an artistic sensibility like modern humans. Two studies published Thursday in the journal Science detail the latest findings."Undoubtedly it is showing that Neanderthals were thinking and behaving just like modern humans," Alistair Pike, co-author of the studies and professor of archaeological sciences at the University of Southampton, wrote in an email."We should no longer think of them as a different species, just humans in different places," he said.The new findings of symbolic thinking show that Neanderthals and modern humans were cognitively indistinguishable, the researchers said.Cave paintings and artifacts like painted seashells have long been regarded as the work of early modern humans, who were thought to have more advanced cognitive abilities than Neanderthals. Dating cave paintings can be a difficult process, and unreliable techniques never allowed for the possibility that these could be the work of Neanderthals.Until now, that is. A new technique called Uranium-Thorium dating is less destructive, is more accurate and can go back further in time than other methods. U-Th dating looks at the deposits of carbonate on top of the paint, which contain traces of uranium and thorium that indicate when those deposits formed. That allows the researchers to determine an age for what's under the deposits.The researchers applied this technique to paintings in the La Pasiega, Maltravieso and Ardales caves in Spain, which had never received "robust" dating. The paintings include red and black images of animals, dots, lines, disks and other geometric signs. There also are engravings, hand prints and hand stencils.Those hand stencils are particularly significant, and not just because they represent the hand size of a Neanderthal."A red line, a red dot or even a positive hand print could potentially be made 'accidentally,' " wrote Dirk Hoffmann, lead author of the studies and archaeologist with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in an email."Of course, I am sure that this is not the case, since you would still need to bring [in] light and pigment, but one could argue that all you need is some pigment on your hand when you lean against a wall. A hand stencil cannot be explained like that. You have to hold your hand against the wall and the deliberately spray pigment over this. This is why we emphasize the hand stencil."The dating revealed that the cave art was created more than 64,000 years ago -- 20,000 years before modern humans appeared in what is now considered Europe.The shells were found in the Cueva de los Aviones, a sea cave in southeastern Spain. They are unique because they are perforated with holes and colored with red and yellow pigment. Others served as containers for the mineral pigments themselves. The pigments were used on the shells but could have also been used for the cave paintings and even as body paint.The deposit layer containing the shells dated to 115,000 years ago, which is even older than other shells recovered in Africa that were dated to modern humans."The standard archaeological interpretation of such finds is that they are body ornaments," Hoffmann said. "Similar finds were made in Africa or the Levant with similar age. In Africa or the Levant, these were made by modern humans, in Spain Neanderthals made them. So in terms of symbolism, early modern humans and Neanderthals were similar."The researchers are absolutely confident in their dating technique."We have spent 10 years refining the technique and have numerous quality controls," Pike said. "The dates respect the growth axis of the deposits we are dating, the oldest closest to the painting, the youngest at the surface."Once modern humans left Africa and migrated to Europe and other areas, mixing with the Neanderthals would've been inevitable. The researchers believe that the Neanderthals created this artwork on their own, without being influenced by any other population. But it's possible that they exchanged symbolism or that Neanderthals influenced the art and symbolism of modern humans. Modern humans were capable of symbolic behavior, so it "turns the who's copying who debate on its head," Pike said."The idea that culture only evolved with modern humans no longer makes sense," Pike said. Hoffmann suggested that Neanderthals now be referred to as "very close cousins" of modern humans.Is it possible that anyone else may have created the cave paintings?Pike said it is incredibly doubtful that a population of early modern humans migrated to Europe so early without any other evidence to suggest it."We cannot of course rule out that pre-Neanderthal populations made the art," Pike said. "This sounds like a project for the future."Hoffmann, Pike and their colleagues want to use their new dating technique in more caves in Spain, as well as France and Italy -- and anywhere else Neanderthals are known to lived.The findings also raise new questions for researchers."How far back does symbolic behavior go? Can it be traced to the last common ancestor of modern humans and Neanderthals? This is perhaps where we should be looking," Pike said. 5398

MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin — Over the past year, there has been an increase in drivers illegally passing school buses in Kenosha County, Wisconsin.In 2017, the Kenosha County Sheriffs Office issues 57 "failure to stop for school bus" violations. This year, the number of citations is up 70.Steve Bennett has been a bus driver at First Student Inc. in Kenosha for 11 years. It's a school bus company that services 39 schools in that county. He said when he sees a car passing the stop arm, it’s upsetting. “It’s a mix between anger and I’m terrified. What’s going to happen with my kids?” Bennet said.According to a one-day study done by the Wisconsin School Bus Association, out of 1,538 participating drivers, 363 cars were observed passing the stop arms.In Waukesha County, 242 violations were reported in 2017. Michael Comstock, manager of First Student, said his drivers report violations daily. Once a violation is observed, license plate numbers and the description of the vehicle are then handed off to authorities. “It’s a life and death decision every time they decide to drive through the red lights on a school,” said Bennett.Elizabeth Ramirez is a mother of a 4-year-old and said it’s gut-wrenching to see drivers pass through school bus stop arms. “You have to pay attention because that’s why so many things are happening nowadays. People are in such a rush to get somewhere," said Ramirez. Failure to comply with school bus stop laws could result in a 2 fine.  1515

Nashville, Tennessee, is known for serving up entertainment and alcohol.“You’re thinking you’re coming here to see mountains, no,” said Reggie Small, general manager of Tailgate Brewery Music Row. “In Nashville, you’re eating and drinking and having a good time."Bartenders like Small are having a tough time making tips like they used to.“You’re used to that everyday paycheck, everyday money from your day shift to the end of the night,” he said. “But without having that, your savings are going to run out sooner or later.”When the COVID-19 crisis first hit, Small had to cut his staff to managers only. Fewer customers bellying up to the bar meant sales started to slip, not only in Nashville, but across the country.“It’s devastating everywhere,” said Aaron Gregory Smith of the United States Bartenders’ Guild. “And the hardest thing is just not knowing what is going to happen next week or next month.”Smith and his team recently started the Bartender Emergency Assistance Program COVID-19 Relief Campaign, giving away nearly .5 million to more than 32,00 bartenders across America.“We feel pretty good about getting money into hands of people who pretty much overnight lost their jobs, lost their income,” Smith said.The money comes from a combination of alcohol suppliers and individual donors. To get the money, bartenders needed to fill out an application and they’re selected based on need.That money, however, recently ran out. The US Bartenders’ Guild is now looking for more fundraising and government assistance.“It’s hard to watch a community, an industry that I’ve been part of going on 25 years now, going through the really most catastrophic shift that we’ve been through since prohibition,” Smith said.For bartenders like Small, he’s adjusting to keep his staff making money as the winter months move in and outdoor dining becomes less of an option.“Not having job security is really, really stressful on people,” he said. “I’ve seen it been a struggle for a lot of people in the profession just because of the everyday unknown.” 2060

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