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BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's annual Central Economic Work Conference opened here Monday to set tone for the economic development next year.     Observers believed the three-day event would give priority to efforts to maintain stable economic growth.     They reckoned in 2009, China would see more risks for worse economic slowdown, more struggling smaller businesses, grim export situation and arduous task of transformation of economic growth pattern.     "It is imperative for China to maintain an economic growth of at least 8 percent," said Zhuang Jian, senior economist with Asian Development Bank's China Resident Mission.     It was hard for China to bear the consequences of a too slow GDP growth, Zhuang added, citing bankruptcy of numerous enterprises, more migrant workers being laid off and difficulties for college graduates to find jobs.     China's macro-economic policies experienced a dramatic adjustment-- from "preventing economic overheating and curbing inflation" at the beginning of this year to "maintaining growth through expanding domestic demand" at present. In the first three quarters, the nation saw its GDP growth slowed to a single-digit rate for the first time over the past five years, thanks partly to macro-economic control efforts and the ongoing financial woes worldwide.     "The Chinese economy has suspended continuous heating and proceeded into a period of slow down," Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the macro economy department under the Development Research Center of the State Council, commented.     "The slowdown was worse than expected," said Ma Jiantang, head of the National Bureau of Statistics.     Data from the bureau showed that the country's GDP growth was 10.6 percent in the first quarter, 10.1 percent in the second, and9 percent in the third.     President Hu Jintao said at the end of November that the Chinese economy was pressurized by global economic downturn, obvious ebbing of demand from abroad and weakening of the country's traditional competitive edge.     "Impact from the international financial tsunami on the Chinese economy has begun to show up, and to deepen into various sectors of the real economy," said Wang Yiming, deputy head of the macro economic research institute of the National Development and Reform Commission.     Since mid October, the Central Government has promulgated a string of policies and measures to prevent the national economy from sliding drastically. They included end of a tight monetary policy and commencement of a moderately easy one, shifting the fiscal policy from "prudent" to "active", starting projects to improve infrastructure and promote people's livelihood, and, expanding domestic demand.     The People's Bank of China announced tax exemptions and downpayment cuts as of Oct. 27 to boost the falling real estate sector. The minimum downpayment for a first-time buyer of a residence smaller than 90 square meters was reduced to 20 percent from 30 percent.     Interest rates on mortgages for first-time buyers were cut 0.27percentage point. The floor for interest rates was lowered to 70 percent of the central bank's benchmark rate.     The central bank cut benchmark interest rates by 0.27 percentage point as of Oct. 30, the third such move in six weeks.     The benchmark one-year deposit rate dropped to 3.60 percent from 3.87 percent, while the benchmark one-year lending rate fell from 6.93 percent to 6.66 percent.     Tax rebates were raised for 3,486 export items as of Nov. 1. The adjustment covered such labor-intensive industries as textiles, toys, garments, and high-tech products, accounting for 25.8 percent of products covered by customs tariffs. Rebate rates run roughly from 9 percent to 14 percent.     On Nov. 9, state councilors announced a four-trillion-yuan (583.9 billion U.S. dollars) economic-stimulus package, which was seen as the most exciting stimuli in 10 years.     To boost consumption, particularly in the rural areas where 900 million people inhabited, was important part of efforts to expand domestic demand, observers believed.     China has launched a scheme to subsidize rural residents for buying home appliances since the end of 2007. It is estimated that in a period of four years, nearly 480 million units of refrigerators, washing machines, color TV sets and cell phones, which were in huge demand among farmers, will be sold in rural areas nationwide. That means 920 billion yuan to be spent by rural consumers.     "There is still a large room for the government to mull more policies to boost consumption, such as raising the threshold for taxable income and increasing income for lower-income earners," said Cai Zhizhou, an economist with the prestigious Peking University.     Export has since long been a major driving force for the Chinese economy. Economists believed the stable development of smaller enterprises, particularly the exporters, which provided jobs for 75 percent of urban employees and rural migrant workers, was related to the stability of the enormous Chinese labor market.     How to prevent export from sliding down too fast is one of the top concerns of the Chinese government.     "It is no doubt that China's export situation will become more grim next year. However, if the country manages to maintain a moderately fast growth in foreign sales of machines and electronics, it will likely achieve a growth of more than 15 percent in export at large," said Mei Xinyu, a trade expert with the Ministry of Commerce.     China has taken a string of measures to boost development of smaller enterprises.     "It is necessary for the government to work out more detailed, effective methods to mitigate tax burdens and enhance credit support for smaller businesses, and to help them with their efforts to promote technical upgrading and explore more markets," said Zhao Yumin, another economist with the Ministry of Commerce.     The service sector, which was able to provide numerous jobs, was yet to be expanded substantially, Zhao added.     Zhang Xiaojing, a senior economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that it was definitely wrong for China to waive long-term goals for short-term interests. He believed that to promote the shift of economic growth pattern and maintain the sustainable economic growth would be one of the important topics for the ongoing Central Economic Work Conference.

BEIJING, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- Many Chinese received a smaller bonus this year because of the global financial crisis and decided to tighten their belts - but they still let their hair down for the traditional Spring Festival.     The freezing weather and slowdown in economic growth did not affect Chinese people's festivities, with supermarkets and shopping malls crowded with shoppers seeking goods for the Spring Festival celebration.     Even dairy products, which have experienced shrinking sales because of the melamine scandal, were selling.     Milk powder products of domestic brands have reappeared on the shelves, a Xinhua reporter found in Wal-Mart at Xuanwumen, Beijing.     "This is the safest period for dairy products as the government has intensified quality supervision and inspection after the scandal," said saleswoman Qiao Xinhong.     Many Chinese people like to buy boxed milk or yogurt for family reunions or as gifts to friends and relatives during the holiday.     Dairy products, however, were only one part of people's shopping list, and snacks with wider varieties, clothes, jewellery and home appliances were also popular.     The week-long Spring Festival holiday, which starts from Sunday, is China's closest equivalent to the West's Christmas shopping season.     According to the Ministry of Commerce, sales at the country's major retailers on Thursday were 2.4 times as much as that on December 31.     China's real retail sales growth in December accelerated 0.8 percentage points from November to 17.4 percent, according to figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Thursday.     Retail sales jumped by 21.6 percent last year to 10.8 trillion yuan (1.6 trillion U.S. dollars), which was 4.8 percentage points higher than 2007.     The booming Chinese market has become more attractive to foreign retail giants, who have suffered from weak demand caused by the global financial crisis.     "Although the global financial crisis has weighed on China's economy, the fundamental of the country's economy remains unchanged and we are very optimistic about the prospects for the Chinese market," Britain's largest retailer Tesco told Xinhua in an email.     Sales in the rural market, which is believed to have the great potential to boost domestic demand, has reported month-on-month increases since May. November retail sales in rural areas rose 18.3 percent, 8.2 percentage points higher compared with the same period of 2007 and for the first time surpassed urban consumption growth.     Wei Wanqian, a farmer in eastern China's Shandong Province, was busy with the last-minute preparations to celebrate the Spring Festival. He bought a new tractor earlier this month.     "Boosting domestic demand should be the government's major taskof economic work," said Zuo Xiaolei, senior analyst at the Beijing-based Galaxy Securities.     "Effective boosting measures along with the improvement of social security system will accelerate the consumption growth by two to three percentage points this year," Zuo said.     The State Council, or the Cabinet, has taken an array of measures to enhance domestic consumption. These included improving the rural distribution network, promoting the subsidized home appliance program and boosting festival consumption.     More detailed measures would come out in March during the delivery of the government work report, sources said.     Although the impacts of global financial crisis were still unfolding, some positive signs surfaced in December economic date, officials and analysts have said. These included the figures on money supply, consumption and industrial output.     Whether the "positive changes" represented a trend was unclear, NBS director Ma Jiantang said.

LANZHOU, Jan. 18 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang urged the restoration of people's livelihood in the quake-hit regions during his visit in northwestern Gansu Province between Jan. 15 and Jan. 17.     Some areas of Gansu were shattered by the devastating May 12 earthquake centered in Wenchuan of neighboring Sichuan Province last year. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (R) visits poor villager Liao Zhenxiang in Hedong Village of Longnan City, in northwest China's Gansu Province, on Jan. 16, 2009. Li Keqiang, also a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Political Bureau, made an inspection tour in Gansu Province from Jan. 15 through 17. Efforts should be made to ensure that all people in the quake-hit regions had enough food to eat, had clothes to resist the cold and were well housed in the freezing winter, Li said when visiting quake-affected villagers.     More support should be given to speed up the building of permanent housing with a precondition that the quality must be guaranteed, he said.     "Housing construction can not only help quake-affected people restore life as soon as possible, but is also helpful to boost investment, consumption and economic growth," he said. Villager Zhao Danlin (2nd L, front) displays his relief coupon to Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (L, front) in the Longtou Village of Longnan City, in northwest China's Gansu Province, on Jan. 16, 2009He also called for quicker restoration of public facilities, which would serve the economic and social development in the quake-hit regions.     During his visit in Longfeng Village, Li talked with some farmers who had returned because of employment difficulty in cities.     There were lots of job opportunities in the country, he said. "You can go to the interior region if it is hard to find a job in the coastal area; you can shift to work in the service sector as job opportunities are limited in the industrial sector; you can also start your own business at your hometown without going outside."     Li urged governments and departments concerned to provide more training and guidance to help rural workers get a job and guarantee a stable increase in employment.

BEIJING, Dec. 6 (Xinhua) -- China on Saturday gave further explanation on the proposed reform of fuel tax and pricing in a bid to dispel misunderstanding that a higher consumption tax will mean higher pump prices.     The authorities on Friday released a draft reform plan to solicit public opinions till Dec. 12. It had been long advocated by experts as key for energy saving and economic structure transform.     The plan, scheduled to take effect on Jan. 1, will abolish six fees now charged for road or waterway maintenance and management.     But drivers will pay higher fuel consumption taxes. Gasoline taxes will be raised from 0.2 yuan (about 3 U.S. cents) per liter to 1 yuan and diesel taxes from 0.1 yuan per liter to 0.8 yuan.     The government reiterated its Friday's statement that the pump prices, which include the higher tax, won't be raised and the reform won't increase costs for fuel consumers.     The tax is reflected in the pump prices and isn't an additional increase to the retail prices, said a joint statement by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Transport and State Administration of Taxation.     The proposed tax is lower than the level in the European Union and also in the neighboring countries and regions, it said.     The draft said China's domestic crude oil prices should be set directly in line with world prices, but the link should be controlled and indirect for refined petroleum prices.     There will be a ceiling on pump prices as part of the plan. The government said it will continue to properly regulate domestic pump prices to prevent the negative impacts of huge fluctuations in the international oil prices on the domestic market.     The reform helps to promote a healthy development of the oil sector and energy saving, and to ensure domestic fuel supply and a stable economic growth, said the statement.     But it said the government will increase subsidies to farmers, taxi drivers, and sectors of fishing, forestry, and public transport.     The reform will be a significant step towards liberalizing retail fuel prices, said researcher Zhou Dadi from the Energy Research Institute of the NDRC.     China has been pushing for fuel tax reform for many years, and the idea of a fuel tax was raised as early as 1994. Both officials and economists said the plunge in global oil price presents a window of opportunity for this reform.     The world crude oil price has plunged almost 70 percent from a peak of 147 U.S. dollars per barrel in mid-July.     Even with oil prices tumbling so much, Chinese drivers are paying much more than those in many other countries because domestic fuel prices have been unchanged since June. Government-set prices are changed only infrequently.     The pump prices are higher than the levels in the United States, but lower than that in some European and Asian nations, said the statement. But it noted this is because of oil resource shortages in the European and Asian countries and their intention to use higher prices to encourage energy saving.

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) shakes hands with former Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda ahead of the closing ceremony of "China-Japan Friendly Exchange Year of the Youth" in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 20, 2008.     BEIJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) --A total of 2,008 young people from China and Japan on Saturday concluded a year-long youth exchange program between the two countries.     Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and former Japanese Prime Minister Fukuda Yasuo joined the youth at the closing ceremony in Beijing University of Aeronautics and Aerospace.     In their half-hour meeting before the ceremony, Wen and Fukuda, who decided on this program during their talks in Singapore last year, hailed the exchange program "reached its expected aims."     The program coincided with the 30th anniversary of the signing of the China-Japan Peace and Friendship Treaty, which Wen said "made the exchange activities more significant."     Under the program, more than 12,000 youth from China or Japan paid visits to the other country since the program was launched in March in Beijing.     "Hopefully the young generation of the two countries will keep the old memories, cherish the current days and create a bright future," Wen said, calling for youth to carry forward China-Japan friendship.     Fukuda said Japan-China was founded on the deeper mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples.     "The exchange program is a great success and will help boost the youth interaction," Fukuda said.     As a finale of the program, a 1,000-member Japanese delegation were paying week-long visit to China. Among the delegations were Japanese youth from various walks of life, including parliamentarians, government officials, businessmen and journalists.