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WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- The weakness of aging is associated with leaky calcium channels inside muscle cells and a drug already in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of heart failure might plug those leaks, according to a report published Tuesday in the online edition of Cell Metabolism.Earlier studies by the research team led by Andrew Marks of Columbia University showed the same leaks underlie the weakness and fatigue that come with heart failure and Duchenne muscular dystrophy."It's interesting, normal people essentially acquire a form of muscular dystrophy with age," Marks said. "The basis for muscle weakness is the same." Extreme exercise like that done by marathon runners also springs the same sort of leaks, he added, but in that case damaged muscles return to normal after a few days of rest. A microscopic view shows smooth muscle cells derived from human embryonic stem cells showing the nuclei (blue) and proteins of the cytoskeleton (green) in this handout photo released to Reuters by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009The leaks occur in a calcium release channel called ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) that is required for muscles to contract. Under conditions of stress, those channels are chemically modified and lose a stabilizing subunit known as calstabin1.Calcium inside of muscle cells is usually kept contained. When it is allowed to leak out into the cell that calcium itself is toxic, turning on an enzyme that chews up muscle cells. Once the leak starts, it's a vicious cycle. The calcium leak raises levels of damaging reactive oxygen species, which oxidize RyR1 and worsen the leak.The researchers made their discovery by studying the skeletal muscles of young and old mice. They also showed that 6-month-old mice carrying a mutation that made their RyR1 channels leaky showed the same muscular defects and weakness characteristic of older mice.When older mice were treated with a drug known as S107, the calcium leak in their muscles slowed and the animals voluntarily showed about a 50 percent increase in the amount of time spent wheel running. Now in clinical trials for patients with heart failure, the drug is known to work by restoring the connection between costabilin and RyR1.Despite considerable effort to understand and reverse age- related muscle wasting, there are no established treatments available. The new work suggests there may be hope in approaching the problem from a different angle."Most research has focused on making more muscle mass," Marks said. "What's different here is that we are focused not on muscle mass but on muscle function. More muscle doesn't help if it is not functional."

BEIJING, July 19 (Xinhuanet) -- Lifestyle changes such as exercise, eating healthily and not smoking could reduce the chances of having Alzheimer’s disease by half, researchers said in a study quoted by news reports Tuesday.Hundreds of thousands of patients could potentially avoid the devastating illness by simply changing bad habits, according to the study published in the journal Lancet NeurologyFor the first time, scientists have calculated the extent to which certain lifestyle traits -- including lack of exercise, smoking and obesity -- all contributed to the disease.Researchers found that in the Western world, an inactive “couch potato” lifestyle was the most important possible cause.Smoking, obesity in middle-age, high blood pressure and diabetes all increased the risk as they cause damage to blood vessels in the brain, leading to death of brain cells. Together, the modifiable risk factors contributed to 50 percent of Alzheimer’s cases worldwide.The researchers want to carry out more work to find out how many people can prevent the disease by making small changes to their lifestyle.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 12 (Xinhua) -- Google+, the social networking service Google unveiled only two weeks ago, is estimated to surpass 10 million users on Tuesday, possibly becoming the fastest growing product in the history of the Internet.According to Ancestry.com founder Paul Allen (not the co- founder of Microsoft), after passing 10 million users, Google+ " could reach 20 million users by this coming weekend if they keep the Invite Button available."Allen looks for last names on Google+ and compares them with U. S. Census Bureau data on the popularity of surnames to statistically project the number of Google+ users."Since I have been tracking this same cohort of surnames from my first day, I am able to accurately measure growth over time," he said in a blog post on Google+ website.Google so far has not released any details about the Google+ users or the number of users. Speaking at a press event last Thursday in Sun Valley in the U.S. state of Idaho, former Google CEO and current Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt said there are " millions" of users.Industry watchers think the estimate may not be completely accurate, but Allen should be capturing the growth trajectory of Google+, which shows that a social network could undergo an exponential growth in its early days.

PARIS, June 19 (Xinhua) -- Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd. (Comac) on Sunday set up its European office in Paris, the second overseas branch after its U.S. office, marking a new step for China's aviation industry in opening-up and international exchanges."The establishment of Comac Europe office is very significant. It represents the strategic cooperation between China and France and will deepen the two sides' collaboration in aerospace and all areas concerned," Chinese Ambassador Kong Quan said at an opening ceremony, citing Europe's influence in global aerospace industry and civil aviation market."Taking self-dependent innovation as the strategic cornerstone, Comac meanwhile actively conducts international cooperation and draws upon advanced technologies and experience in global civil aviation industry...," Comac President Jin Zhuanglong said.French Secretary of State for Transport Thierry Mariani (4th L), Chinese Ambassador to France Kong Quan (3rd L) and General Manager of the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC) Jin Zhuanglong (2nd R) attend the unveiling ceremony of COMAC Europe Office in Paris, France, June 19, 2011. The COMAC Europe Office was offically opened here Sunday.The Chinese aerospace manufacturer has built up cooperative relationship and partnership with dozens of enterprises and institutions in many countries and regions since its establishment in May 2008 in Shanghai.Regional jet ARJ21 and the trunkliner C919 are two flagship products of the young Chinese company. The group is now working to achieve certification and delivery of ARJ21-700 aircraft by the end of this year, Jin said.With regard to China's C919 trunkliner program, Jin said COMAC has signed cooperation agreements with 17 international companies in the United States and Europe, and has actively explored collaboration with GECAS, British Airways and Ryanair."In the context that the world economy is on recovery from the financial crisis, the civil aviation industry is facing great challenge. We are willing to keep close contact with all relevant public administrations and forge friendly relations and cooperation with overseas suppliers to contribute to the development of world civil aviation industry," Jin said.For the French State Secretary for Transport Thierry Marianne, who also attended the opening ceremony, the Chinese aviation market has great potential in the years to come, and China is estimated to need 3,000 new planes."We have understood that China had decided to build its own aerospace industry. It is a legitimate choice," Marianne said.A demo mock-up of the full-scale forward fuselage of C919 will be displayed during the 49th Paris Air Show on June 20-26, which will be the first time that the 1:1 demo mock-up is to be showcased at an international stage outside China, Jin told Xinhua.During the air show, Comac is going to sign agreements with an international airline and an airborne-system supplier and carry out a series of activities concerning international cooperation and exchanges, according to the group.

WASHINGTON, July 18 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on Monday commemorated the 90th birthday of astronaut John Glenn, the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the Earth and also the oldest person to fly to space when he launched on the space shuttle in 1998."John Glenn is a legend, and NASA sends him our best wishes on this major personal milestone," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "John's legacy and contributions to the continued progress of human spaceflight are immense. His example is one we continue to emulate as we push toward farther destinations in the solar system."After a distinguished flying career with the Marines in World War II and Korea, Glenn joined NASA in 1959 as one of the country' s first astronauts in Project Mercury. On Feb. 20, 1962, Glenn piloted the Mercury-Atlas 6 "Friendship 7" spacecraft on the first U.S. manned orbital mission. He launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida to successfully complete three orbits of the Earth.Glenn flew to space again on the STS-95 mission in 1998 aboard the space shuttle Discovery. As a mission specialist, Glenn supported deployment of a variety of research payloads and participated in investigations about spaceflight and the aging process.

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