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BEIJING, June 27 (Xinhuanet) -- A "lean gene" that helps people keep slim was found closely related to diabetes and heart disease, according to a study pulished in Nature Genetics journal on Sunday.The scientists from Britain’s Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit conducted the study.After comparing the genetic codes of more than 75,000 people, a gene called IRS1 was spotted as the decisive factor to lower the fat level in human body.But in further study, IRS1 was found putting people to a 20 percent higher risk of developing heart disease and type-2 diabetes.The study warned that people who appear slim and fit might be also at risk.But scientists suggest that the study results did not change the general message for most people."While this study pointed to genes as one factor in determining the risk of developing these conditions, it was important to remember that lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, cutting out smoking and maintaining a healthy weight also play a vital role in reducing the risk," said Ruth Loos, who led the study.

WASHINGTON, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Eating a low-carbohydrate, high- protein diet may reduce the risk of cancer and slow the growth of tumors already present, according to a study published Tuesday in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.The study was conducted in mice, but the scientists involved agree that the strong biological findings are definitive enough that an effect in humans can be considered."This shows that something as simple as a change in diet can have an impact on cancer risk," said lead researcher Gerald Krystal, a scientist at the British Columbia Cancer Research Center.Krystal and his colleagues implanted various strains of mice with human tumor cells or with mouse tumor cells and assigned them to one of two diets. The first diet, a typical Western diet, contained about 55 percent carbohydrate, 23 percent protein and 22 percent fat. The second, which is somewhat like a South Beach diet but higher in protein, contained 15 percent carbohydrate, 58 percent protein and 26 percent fat. They found that the tumor cells grew consistently slower on the second diet.As well, mice genetically predisposed to breast cancer were put on these two diets and almost half of them on the Western diet developed breast cancer within their first year of life while none on the low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet did. Interestingly, only one on the Western diet reached a normal life span ( approximately 2 years), with 70 percent of them dying from cancer while only 30 percent of those on the low-carbohydrate diet developed cancer and more than half these mice reached or exceeded their normal life span.Krystal and colleagues also tested the effect of an mTOR inhibitor, which inhibits cell growth, and a COX-2 inhibitor, which reduces inflammation, on tumor development, and found these agents had an additive effect in the mice fed the low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet.When asked to speculate on the biological mechanism, Krystal said that tumor cells, unlike normal cells, need significantly more glucose to grow and thrive. Restricting carbohydrate intake can significantly limit blood glucose and insulin, a hormone that has been shown in many independent studies to promote tumor growth in both humans and mice.Furthermore, a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet has the potential to both boost the ability of the immune system to kill cancer cells and prevent obesity, which leads to chronic inflammation and cancer.

BEIJING, Aug. 11 (Xinhuanet) -- Next year will bring a doubling in the size of the words that appear on cigarette packages to warn consumers of the dangers of smoking. Starting in April 2012, cigarettes produced and sold in China will bear a new warning label containing letters that will be no less than 4 millimeters in height. That will be twice the size of the current minimum, which stipulates that the letters be at least 2 mm from bottom to top, according to a notice written by the China National Tobacco Corp and published on the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration's website. Despite the intentions, many tobacco-control experts said the step is "minor" and that it fails to deal with the chief issue. "There is no use in making the font size even 100 times bigger if the warning is pointless," said Wu Yiqun, deputy director of the ThinkTank Research Center for Health Development, a Beijing-based non-governmental organization that advocates for the adoption of stronger smoking-control measures. Both Wu and Yang Gonghuan, director of the tobacco control office of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said the warning that now appears on cigarette packs is too weak. It says: "Smoking is harmful to your health. Quitting early is good for your health." "The package should inform consumers of the dangers of smoking in accordance with requirements adopted by the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. (It should say that) smoking causes lung cancer, coronary disease and makes people grow old," Yang said. China decided in 2005 to ratify the convention, which also requires that tobacco warnings cover a third of the surface of cigarette packs. "Even if the size of the words is doubled, it still doesn't meet those standards," Yang said. "The Chinese practice is to draw a line to demarcate a third of a cigarette package, where the warning should be, but the words put on it are still very small." Experts said graphic health warnings could be printed on cigarette packs and used as a "scientific, direct and shocking" deterrent to smoking.Throughout the world, more than 1 billion people in 19 countries live under laws that require the packaging of various types of tobacco products to bear large, graphic health warnings. They often show pictures of black lungs and festering mouth sores, according to the World Health Organization. China, though, is excluded from those rules. Both Wu and Yang said the fundamental barrier to better control of tobacco use in the country is the fact that the China National Tobacco Corp, the country's largest cigarette-maker, is a subsidiary of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, China's tobacco regulatory body.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 13 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), with several partners, on Tuesday launched Million Hearts, an initiative that aims to prevent one million heart attacks and strokes over the next five years.The program will focus on helping Americans make healthy choices, such as preventing tobacco use and lowering consumption of salt and trans fats, and increasing use of treatments like aspirin and blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medications.The HHS hopes that by 2017, 65 percent of high-risk patients will be taking aspirin and have their blood pressure and cholesterol under control. Currently, only 47 percent of high-risk patients take aspirin, and only 33 percent have their cholesterol and 46 percent their blood pressure under control.They also aim to cut smoking to 17 percent of Americans from 19 percent by 2017, and seek a 20 percent drop in sodium intake and a 50 percent drop in trans fat consumption."Heart disease causes one of every three American deaths and constitutes 17-percent of overall national health spending," said HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius in a statement. "By enlisting partners from across the health sector, Million Hearts will create a national focus on combating heart disease."

RIO DE JANEIRO, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Rio de Janeiro has the highest level of air pollution in Brazil, and is more polluted than many other world metropolis like New York, London and Paris, a World Health Organization (WHO) study said Monday.According to the study, which was carried out in 91 countries and regions, the air in Rio's metropolitan area contains 64 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter, over three times the upper limit set by the WHO, which is 20 micrograms per cubic meter.Despite being larger, having a bigger population and more vehicles, Sao Paulo's metropolitan area has less air pollution, with 38 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter.According to the WHO, "the largest contributors to urban outdoor air pollution include motor transport, small-scale manufacturers and other industries, burning of biomass and coal for cooking and heating, as well as coal-fired power plants." The organization said that residential wood and coal burning for heating also help increase air pollution, especially in rural areas in the cold months.The WHO expressed concern over air pollution levels in several cities, as some two million people worldwide die annually from conditions resulting from air pollution."Air pollution is a major environmental health issue, and it is vital that we increase efforts to reduce the health burden it creates," said Dr. Maria Neira, WHO's director for Public Health and Environment.According to the study, Ahwaz, Iran, has the most polluted air in the world, with 372 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter.

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