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The national urban and township unemployment rate was reduced to 4 percent last year, thanks to the creation of more than 12 million jobs and despite more people entering the workforce, a top labor official said yesterday.The number of jobs created exceeded the target of 9 million set at the beginning of last year, Zhai Yanli, vice-minister of Labor and Social Security, said at a press conference.Zhai said that by the end of the year, 99.9 percent of the country's 869,000 former "zero employment" families had succeeded in finding work for at least one member.Last year saw the total urban and township unemployment rate fall by 0.1 percentage points for the third year in a row.During the period of economic restructuring in the late 1990s, the rate rose to a high of 6 percent.Zhai attributed the decline to the country's economic growth and measures to stabilize employment. He said the rate will be held within 4.5 percent this year.Every year for the past decade, China has posted double-digit GDP growth. Between 1978 and 2006, the number of urban and township jobs rose from 95.14 million to 283.1 million.But the country continues to face employment pressure, with 10 million people entering the workforce every year between now and 2010, according to official figures.At the same time, the move away from labor-intensive industries in line with efforts to upgrade the economy and improve productivity will also mean fewer jobs being created in those industries, Chen Liangwen, an economics researcher at Peking University, said.Research by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has suggested the government look to create more jobs in the country's tertiary, or service, industries.While these already account for about 39 percent of the country's total jobs, the ratio in many developed countries is between 50 and 60 percent.Zhai also said the ministry is mulling over a new salary regulation, to guarantee steady pay rises."The regulation has been drafted and is now soliciting advice. It will be submitted to the State Council for deliberation after certain legislative procedures," he said.Labor experts have said the new regulation, together with the newly implemented Labor Contract Law, have helped China enter a new era of employer-employee relations by offering more protection for workers.Wen Yueran, an expert in labor relations from Beijing's Renmin University of China, said low salaries were a major factor in accelerating China's economic growth over the past two decades.The country's total wage payments fell to 41.4 percent of GDP in 2005, compared with 53.4 percent in 1990, according to figures from the National Bureau of Statistics.Workers will need some hefty pay rises if China is to increase its wages-to-GDP ratio to the 55 percent level of most developed countries, Wen told the 21 Century Business Herald.Low wages and slow pay increases have had a negative impact on society and cooled consumption, Chen said.Steady and rational pay rises will help stimulate domestic consumption, which fell to a record low of 51.1 percent of GDP in 2006, Chen said.

The highly anticipated Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway will begin construction next month, a Ministry of Railways official said.The ministry source, who did not want to be named, confirmed in a phone interview yesterday that preparations are now being made for a ceremony to commence construction of the system.Based on that timeframe, the railway will be completed by 2013. Trains running on the 1,318 km railway will then be able to travel at speeds of up to 350 kph and will cut travel time between the two cities from the current 10 hours to less than five.The project involves one of the largest amounts of investment on railways. Industry sources say it will cost more than 200 billion yuan ( billion), more than the 180 billion yuan needed for the Three Gorges Project.Officials say the project will also employ a set of locally developed high-speed railway technology for the first time.The country is said to have already mastered the technologies needed to lay high-speed rail tracks and trains.The first homegrown train able to reach 300 kph rolled off the production line over the weekend, marking China's entry into "an elite club that includes Japan, France and Germany to become the fourth country capable of making such trains", Wang Yongping, Ministry of Railways spokesman said.Officials added that the railway still relies on foreign companies, such as the Germany-based Siemens, to build its signal network and other systems.China has been upgrading the scale and speed of its railway network in the past decade, and the 11th Five Year Plan period (2006-10) is regarded as a critical period for building high-speed railways that can travel at speeds of 200 kph as part of an extensive transport network.At least eight express passenger railways were being constructed as of last year.Xinhua contributed to the story

YANGJIANG, Guangdong Province -- A Chinese salvage team is getting ready to recover the wreckage of an ancient merchant ship loaded with exquisite porcelain from the South China sea on Saturday."If the weather is cooperative, the boat, which has been in the sea for about 800 years, will see the light of day again two days later," said Wu Jiancheng, head of the excavation project.Photo taken on Dec. 20 shows the interior of "Crystal Palace," a glass pool that will be used to put the ancient merchant ship Nanhai No. 1 after its wreckage is recovered from the South China sea on Saturday, Dec. 22. [Xinhua]According to Wu, the excavation is scheduled to begin at 10 am and the ship is expected to be hoisted out of water in two hours.The ship dates back to the early Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) and is 30.4 meters long and 9.8 meters wide. It was the first ancient vessel discovered on the "Marine Silk Road" of the South China Sea. It was named Nanhai No. 1, meaning "South China Sea No.1."Wu said, Nanhai No. 1 left port in southern China to trade with foreign countries and sank probably due to stormy waves. It was quickly buried by silt. It was estimated there were probably 60,000 to 80,000 relics on board.To better protect the precious relics and gain valuable information, archaeologists launched an unprecedented operation in early May to raise the wreck and the surrounding silt in a huge steel basket.According to the plan, a crane would first put the basket onto a barge. Tow boats would then pull the barge to a temporary port on Sunday where the basket would be sent to a specially-built museum.In order to avoid damage to the relics caused by a change of environment and pressure, the ancient ship would be put in a huge glass pool. There, the water temperature, pressure and other environmental conditions would be the same as the sea bed where the ship lay.The pool, named "Crystal Palace" is 64 meters long, 40 meters wide and 23 meters high. It contains seawater and is about 12 meters in depth."It will be sealed after the ship and the silt are put in," said Feng Shaowen, head of the cultural bureau of Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province.Feng said visitors would be able watch the on-going excavation of the ship through windows on two sides of the pool.As early as 2,000 years ago, ancient Chinese traders began taking china, silk and cloth textiles and other commodities to foreign countries along the trading route. It started from ports at today's Guangdong and Fujian provinces to countries in southeast Asia, Africa and Europe.Nanhai No.1, accidentally found in 1987, was located some 20 sea miles west of Hailing Island of Yangjiang City in South China's Guangdong Province, in more than 20 meters of water.Green glazed porcelain plates, tin pots, shadowy blue porcelains and other rare antiques have all been found during the initial exploration of the ship.Guangdong has earmarked 150 million yuan (US.3 million) to build a "Marine Silk Road Museum" to preserve the salvaged ancient ship.Unlike the traditional practice of excavating relics on sunken ships first and then salvaging the vessel, no more relic excavations would be made until the boat "gets used to its new home," said Wu."Actually, archaeologists will conduct thorough excavations of the ship later in the pool."It is believed that a successful salvage would offer important material evidence for the study of China's history in seafaring, shipbuilding and ceramics manufacture.

GENEVA -- China on Tuesday got its first judge on the  World Trade Organization (WTO)'s highest court, six years after the country joined the Geneva-based body.Zhang YuejiaoChinese lawyer Zhang Yuejiao was formally appointed by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) as a member of the seven-person Appellate Body, which issues final rulings in trade disputes, WTO sources said.Jennifer Hillman of the United States, Lilia Bautista of the Philippines and Shotaro Oshima of Japan were also appointed as new members of the top court at a DSB meeting on Tuesday.The appointments were made according to the Dispute Settlement Understanding which stipulates that the Appellate Body shall " comprise persons of recognized authority, with demonstrated expertise in law, international trade and the subject matter of the WTO agreements generally," a WTO statement said.The WTO said Hillman and Bautista would formally join the top court next month, while Zhang and Oshima would join in June. They can serve up to two four-year terms.Zhang, 63, is professor of law at Shantou University in China. She is also an arbitrator on China's International Trade and Economic Arbitration Commission and practises law as a private attorney.Zhang once held positions at the Chinese Ministry of Commerce as well as at the Asian Development Bank.

Beijing and Seoul recently signed an agreement to launch a joint program to harness China's eighth-largest desert - the Ulan Buh in North China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.About 15 million yuan (.99 million) will be spent growing trees and building greenhouses to prevent environmental deterioration in the Ulan Buh region, according to officials involved in the project.The Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) has promised million for the project, while the local government will come up with the rest, according to Han Yongguang, deputy chief of Dengkou county, of which almost 80 percent is covered by desert."It is the first time that we have launched a joint program with a governmental institution from the Republic of Korea (ROK) on desert control," said Han, adding that the local government welcomes more international participation in the battle against desertification."We have made big progress in driving back the desert in this region since the 1980s; and international cooperation will help speed up the process of ecological balance." The local government has spent about 400 million yuan in recent years to contain the expansion of the desert, said Han."The cooperation also helps dispel any doubts over China's determination in environmental protection," Han added.Kim Kwang-young, chief of KOICA's China office, said: "I feel the Chinese government has fully recognized the importance of environmental protection."KOICA's collaborative programs in China are mainly focused on the environmental sector including afforestation, prevention of desertification, and joint monitoring of sandstorms, according to Kim.