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For months, public health experts have said that getting a coronavirus vaccine is crucial to stopping the spread of the virus, reducing hospitalizations and deaths, and bringing a return of normalcy to the world.Among the first to get the vaccine will be first responders. But what if first responders say “no” to getting vaccinated?According to a survey conducted by the Uniformed Firefighters Association, which represents members of the New York Fire Department, a majority of the firefighters surveyed said they would decline a coronavirus vaccine. The survey reached nearly one-fourth of all members of the NYFD.Part of the reason is that firefighters in New York City were hard hit early on during the pandemic. The union said that 35% of its members have been infected by the virus. While those infected do build antibodies to the virus, there are still questions on how long those antibodies last, and how soon can someone be re-infected by the virus.Andy Ansbro who leads the union said it is the choice of firefighters in the city to take the vaccine, but added that the union is advocating its members to take it.“We can’t have this on 24/7 so there is going to be exposure,” Ansbro said in an interview with WCBS-TV about face coverings.Pfizer’s vaccine candidate is slated to go before the FDA on Thursday for emergency use authorization. If authorized, a small number of Americans, mostly consisting of first responders, health care workers or those living or working in assisted living facilities, will be able to get a dose of the vaccine.Pfizer’s vaccine, which the company says is 95% effective at preventing the virus, comes in two doses. A booster dose would be given to patients 28 days after the first shot.Meanwhile, Moderna is slated to seek FDA approval for its coronavirus vaccine candidate. If approved, its vaccine could also begin going to high-risk Americans in the coming weeks.Dr. Anthony Fauci said in an interview last week on CNN that it will take a vast majority of Americans getting vaccinated before the US reaches herd immunity. When the US reaches herd immunity, that is when social distancing measures can be eased, Fauci says. 2176

Four former officers charged in connection with the death of George Floyd appeared in a Minneapolis court Tuesday. The hearing focused on motions to allow body camera video to be shared, and motions the defendants filed to lift a gag order.Floyd was killed on May 25 after officers confronted him in Minneapolis. Social media video shows then-officer Derek Chauvin putting his knee on Floyd’s neck to hold him down for several minutes as Floyd says he can’t breathe.The gag order was lifted at Tuesday’s hearing. Earlier this month, the judge issued a gag order, saying the intent was to limit pretrial publicity in order to have a fair trial. Chauvin’s attorney had argued that many high-profile politicians and leaders had spoken out against Chauvin publicly."On the other hand, one would be hard pressed to locate any pretrial publicity referring extensively to Mr. Chauvin’s innocence until proven guilty or that his alleged actions were justifiable in the line of his duties as a Minneapolis Police Officer," attorney Eric Nelson wrote in the motion. 1063

For those would-be investors wanting to jump into the stock market but wondering which stock to buy, legendary investor Warren Buffett has a suggestion: Try buying 500 stocks instead.“In my view, for most people, the best thing to do is own the S&P 500 index fund,” Buffett said at Berkshire Hathaway’s annual meeting in May. But what is the S&P 500, and how do you invest in one of its funds?Here’s an intro to how S&P 500 funds work, and whether one might be a good fit for your portfolio.What is the S&P 500?The S&P 500, or S&P, is a stock market index comprising shares of 500 large, industry-leading U.S. companies. It is widely followed and often considered a proxy for the overall health of the U.S. stock market.Standard & Poor’s, an American investment information service, created the index in 1957. Every quarter, its investment committee meets to review which stocks belong in the index based on each company’s market size, liquidity and group representation. Today, 505 stocks constitute the index, since some of the 500 companies have more than one class of shares.Contrary to popular belief, the stocks forming the index are not the 500 biggest U.S. companies, but they are arguably the 500 most important companies. Over .2 trillion is invested through the index, with these 505 stocks representing about 80% of the total U.S. stock market’s value.The S&P 500 is a cap-weighted index, meaning each stock within the index is weighted according to its market capitalization, or total market value (number of outstanding shares multiplied by current market price). The larger the company, the greater its influence on the index.As of Aug. 31, 2020, these are the top 10 companies by index weight in the S&P 500:Apple.Microsoft.Amazon.Facebook.Alphabet, Google’s parent company (shares in classes A and C).Berkshire Hathaway.Johnson & Johnson.Visa.Procter & Gamble.How do you invest in the S&P 500?An index is a measure of its underlying stocks’ performance, so you cannot directly invest in the index itself. Buying every company’s shares would be an arduous task (think 505 separate transactions), but thankfully there are index funds and exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, that replicate the index, effectively doing that work for you.While all S&P 500 funds track the holdings of this index, an investor must consider whether using an index fund (a passively managed mutual fund) or an ETF makes the most sense for them. The good news when weighing index funds versus ETFs is that there are solid S&P 500 options in each category, and all of these products leverage the diversity of the index itself.Because the S&P 500 is weighted by each company’s market capitalization, the larger companies in the index can sometimes have an outsize impact on the performance of the larger index. In other words, a big dip in price for Apple shares can create a dip in the index as a whole. Because of this, some investors prefer to purchase the S&P 500 in an equal-weighted format, so that each company has the same impact on the index. This is meant to create an index that is more representative of the overall U.S. market.After deciding your preference for an index fund or ETF, cap-weighted or equal-weighted, you can begin narrowing down which S&P 500 fund to purchase. To minimize your costs, look into each fund’s expense ratio — the percentage of your assets you’ll pay in fees each year — to see how they compare.Fees are important here since all of these funds track the same index, which means their returns should be roughly the same. The lower the fee, the more of that return you keep.Should you invest in the S&P 500?There are a number of things to think about before you choose any investment. But an S&P fund can generally be a good choice if you want to add broad exposure to the U.S. stock market to your portfolio.“The S&P 500 is a key part of a diversified investing strategy because it’s a good bet that the U.S. economy will continue to succeed and grow in the long term,” says Tony Molina, senior product manager at Wealthfront. The U.S. has the largest economy and stock market in the world, and is one of the most resilient and active, especially when it comes to innovation. That’s why it’s a no-brainer to include the S&P 500 as part of your portfolio.”Larger companies are generally more stable to invest in because they are well-established and widely followed. Thus, these stocks usually have less risk and lower volatility. The S&P 500 combines large companies across various industries, so investors access a broad, diversified mix of companies when investing in it.Choosing an index fund or ETF can also help investors avoid — or at least minimize — the behavioral pitfalls from stock-picking, which is a losing strategy, says Dejan Ilijevski, president of Sabela Capital Markets.Ilijevski cites the May 2018 study by professor Hendrik Bessembinder at Arizona State University, which examined investments in publicly traded U.S. stocks between 1926 and 2016 and found that just over 4% of the companies accounted for the total wealth created.“Picking those few individual winners is impossible,” Ilijevski says. “Your best bet is to own as much of the market with a fund that tracks the index.”Using index funds and ETFs can help investors generate strong returns while also minimizing their costs, says Kevin Koehler, chartered financial analyst and director of the investment strategy group at Miracle Mile Advisors in Los Angeles.“Investing in the S&P 500 the past 25 years would have given an investor over a 10% annualized return, proving that an investor does not need to be paying high expenses to get good market returns,” Koehler says.Are there drawbacks to investing in the S&P 500?There are caveats to consider. The S&P 500 consists of only large-cap U.S. stocks. Portfolio diversification encompasses buying mid- and small-cap companies along with large-caps; allocating funds to international companies along with domestic ones; and including bonds, cash and potentially other asset classes with stocks.Koehler also notes drawbacks in the S&P 500 related to its market-cap weighting.“As passive investing increases, investors are continually investing in S&P 500 funds, which has contributed to a ‘rich get richer’ problem, where the largest stocks are getting larger due to S&P 500 investing, rather than individual stock investing,” Koehler says. “This can lead to higher volatility, as active managers sell an individual stock on top of index funds selling a portion. The market could continuously be overvalued compared to its underlying value.”But relative to the downsides of many investment types, the flaws of S&P 500 funds seem relatively minor, especially when used as a part of your overall portfolio and held for the longer term. This helps explain why icons like Buffett have so publicly endorsed them.“I happen to believe that Berkshire is about as solid as any single investment can be, in terms of earning reasonable returns over time,” said Buffett at the May meeting, speaking about the investing company he’s turned into an empire. “But, I would not want to bet my life on whether we beat the S&P 500 over the next 10 years.”More From NerdWallet4 Ways Women Can Invest in Other WomenHow the Pros Ride Market Volatility — and Why You Shouldn’tIf Doing Less Means Saving More, Try These 5 Money MovesTiffany Lam-Balfour is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: tlambalfour@nerdwallet.com. 7573

France is bracing for yet another weekend of protests that could rock Paris and other parts of the country.Prime Minister Edouard Philippe said the government was deploying 89,000 security force members across France -- including 8,000 in the capital -- in case the demonstrations turn violent again.Many of the capital's famed sites -- including the Louvre, the Eiffel Tower, the Musée Delacroix and the Paris Opera -- will close over the weekend in advance of the protests, organized by the "gilets jaunes," or "yellow vest" movement. Their name comes from the high-visibility yellow vests that drivers are required to keep in their vehicles for safety reasons.Interior Minister Christophe Castaner vowed Friday to deploy all the means available to ensure the latest "yellow vest" protests are not hijacked by what he said were "10,000" people, "a small minority" of the movement who have been "radicalized and fallen into violence and hate.""We have to guarantee the safety of protesters and the right of citizens to move around freely," Castaner told a news conference.Nationwide, some 630 people were arrested and more than 260 were injured, including 81 police officers, during last weekend's protests, the third consecutive week of such demonstrations.There have also been four accidental deaths, according to officials. Three of them resulted from traffic accidents related to the blockades and the fourth was an 80-year-old woman who died in Marseille after being hit by a tear gas canister that came through her window.The demonstrations began as a form of grassroots opposition to rising gas prices and planned increases in taxes on polluting forms of transport, but they have since evolved into broader demonstrations against the government of President Emmanuel Macron.Macron appeared to back down Wednesday, announcing that the fuel tax planned for January -- as part of measures to combat climate change -- would not be introduced in 2019. But the movement now appears to be about more than just taxes; it's exposed the growing divide between Paris' metropolitan elite and the country's rural poor.Maxime Nicolle, a member of the gilets jaunes from rural Brittany, told CNN: "I'm definitely not backing down now. The moratorium is useless. The people want a referendum, a referendum on Macron, the senate and the national assembly."Street furniture, such as railings around trees and benches, will be removed from parts of Paris ahead of the expected protests.Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo said municipal services were "mobilized and determined to ensure everyone's protection." In particular, she said, about 2,000 items of street furniture, including 58 public bike stations, are being removed so "troublemakers" cannot use the objects as weapons. Municipal buildings will be closed, she said.In an appeal to protesters, the mayor said: "Please take care of Paris, because Paris belongs to all the French people."  2939

French President Emmanuel Macron told France's overseas ambassadors gathered in Paris on Monday that Europe can "no longer rely" upon the US for its security."It is up to us today to take our responsibilities and guarantee our own security, and thus have European sovereignty," Macron said.Since his election in 2016, US President Donald Trump has been distancing himself from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, challenging a post-World War Two consensus on peace and security in Europe.Macron said he wanted to see a complete rethink of how Europe defends itself in the future."I want us to launch an exhaustive review of our security with all Europe's partners, which includes Russia," he added.Macron's call for greater European military cooperation echoes recent comments by German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas.Writing in the Handelsblatt newspaper, Maas called last week for Europe to "take an equal share of the responsibility" and "form a counterweight" to Washington as Europe-US relations cool, AFP reported.The French President was also critical of the European Union, saying "we are paying the price of several decades of a weakened Europe," adding that efforts must be redoubled.Turning to Syria, Macron said showing support for President Bashar al-Assad would be a "grave mistake," but the sovereignty of the country should be respected "by allowing the Syrian people to express themselves." 1416

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