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BEIJING, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- As the U.S. President Barack Obama vowed to get "much tougher" with China on exchange rates and trade, economists from Beijing said China should not give in to increased U.S. pressure that stems from its domestic problems.Obama's talk of putting "constant pressure" on China to strengthen the yuan so to ensure the price of U.S. goods was not artificially inflated has drawn heated comments from economists in Beijing."His words are only aimed to appeal to domestic interest groups," said Tan Yaling, an expert at the China Institute for Financial Derivatives at Peking University.Given China's growing international clout and the lack of jobs in the United States, Obama will certainly try to make China change its currency policy as this is an easy way to weaken China's export industry, she said.It was also a relevant tactic given the President was losing ground in opinion polls and facing tough conditions leading up to the mid-term election later this year, she said.Although the U.S. economy recovered to 5.7 percent growth in the fourth quarter last year, a record high in six years, jobless rate surged to more than 10 percent.Fiscal deficit is set to hit 1.56 trillion U.S. dollars in 2010, or 10.6 percent of its GDP, a new record since the Second World War.In the State of the Union Address on Jan. 28, Obama made it clear he would focus on jobs in 2010 and pledged to double exports in five years which could create 2 million jobs in the States.Tan Yaling said Obama's export drive could not fix the job problem, while a stronger yuan would add costs for U.S. consumers.RESIST PRESSUREIt's an old trick for the U.S. to force its major trade partners to appreciate their currency to help itself in a time of crisis, said Zhang Yansheng, director of the Institute of Foreign Trade of the National Development and Reform Commission."China's reforms, including exchange rate reform, should be independent of other countries," he said.He noted China's currency policy should comply with the country's macroeconomic conditions and industry restructuring. As many exporters' sales were just starting to pick-up, a rising renminbi would hurt their fragile recovery.Many foreign experts also agreed that the appreciation of the renminbi would not remedy the global economic imbalance.A 20 percent rise in the yuan and other major Asian currencies would at best lead to a rise in U.S. exports worth 1 percent of gross domestic product, as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates suggested, said Olivier Blanchard, Economic Counsellor and Director of the Research Department of IMF."I think it's very important not to bash China over the RMB. What China should do, and is actually doing, is to decrease its saving rate, thus increase domestic demand, and reorient production to satisfy this higher domestic demand," he said in an interview with Reuters on Jan. 29.The renminbi has gained around 21 percent since July 2005 when the government delinked the yuan from the U.S. dollar. However, China's trade surplus with its major trading partners did not fall accordingly."The exchange rate of renminbi is not the main reason for the Chinese-U.S. trade deficit," Foreign Ministry Spokesman Ma Zhaoxu said Thursday."We expect the United States to view bilateral trade issues rationally and to negotiate fairly. Accusation and pressure would not bring a solution," said Ma.

BEIJING, March 11 (Xinhua) -- China's February consumer price index (CPI), a main gauge of inflation, is still within normal range, although the figure surged higher than expected last month.CPI rose 2.7 percent year on year in February, 1.2 percentage points higher than January, driven by a 6.2 percent rise in food prices, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Thursday.Yang Ziqiang, head of the People's Bank of China's Jinan bureau, said the hefty rise is because the Lunar New Year holiday fell in February this year, but in January last year.The Lunar New Year holiday, or Spring Festival, is the most important traditional festival in China for family reunion. People usually spend a lot on food, alcohol, cigarettes and gifts during the period.Yang, also a deputy to the National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature, made the sidelines of the ongoing NPC session.China targets a rise of consumer price of around three percent this year, says a government work report delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the parliament's annual session on March 5.Yang said severe inflation is unlikely to emerge this year, as market supply still outweighs demand, and government regulation on the real estate industry will help stabilize prices.But he cautioned against the consistent commodity price increases, as the international crude oil prices rebounded to above 80 U.S. dollars a barrel.Li Daokui, a financial professor with the Tsinghua University, said CPI rise exceeds the current one-year deposit interest rate, or 2.25 percent, which will enhance the expectation of interest rate rise.China's CPI ended nine months of decline in November last year, when it rose 0.6 percent, as the economy picked up thanks to the government's stimulus package.However, the unprecedented bank loans last year together with runaway housing prices pushed up fears for inflation and asset bubbles, posing a policy dilemma for the government to balance between sufficient economic growth and containing potential overheating.

BEIJING, Feb. 21 (Xinhua) -- With Chinese banks' record new lending in 2009 igniting fears about asset bubbles and bad loan, the banking regulator's latest rules aim to bring financial risk under control.The new directives order banks to focus on loan quality control, rather than quantity restriction, and aim to make loans flow to the real economy -- rather than the property and stock markets, which are susceptible to asset bubble formation.Analysts say the directives are a smart way to handle the policy dilemma the central bank faced: with inflationary pressures growing after increased money supply, how can monetary policy be tightened without hurting the fragile economic recovery?The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) issued new regulations on Saturday evening telling banks to set lending quotas after "prudent calculation" of borrowers' "actual demand".It also reiterated working capital should not finance fixed-asset investment and equity stakes. The new rules also ask lenders to give funds directly to the end user declared by the borrower, instead of directly giving it to the debtor, in an effort to ensure loans are used for their declared purpose.Execution of the directives will help banks exit the "credit stimulus spree", as they pay more attention to risk control. The directives are crucial for the banks' sustainable expansion, said Yu Xiaoyi, analyst with Guangfa Securities.Loose oversight and easy monetary policy have led to many banks developing the bad habit of being excited about loan extension but indifferent to the tracking of loan use, which can result in credit appropriation, an unnamed insider told Xinhua.That allowed many Chinese enterprises to borrow much more than they needed in order to speculate with various types of investment, even though they had ample funds on hand for their routine business operations.In support of the government's 4-trillion yuan stimulus package, Chinese banks lent an unprecedented 9.6 trillion yuan in 2009, nearly half of 2009 gross domestic product.Researchers said that large amounts of the borrowed funds went into property and stock market speculation, further pushing up soaring house prices and further inflating asset bubbles.According to official data released by CBRC, some regions reported two to three percent of funds were misappropriated.Wang Kejin, an official with the Supervision Rules and Regulation Department of CBRC, told Xinhua "the current working capital and individual loans exceeded real market demand,"The inadequate monitoring of loan use demands improvement, otherwise creditors will suffer losses and systemic risks will build, the CBRC said in a statement on its website."Our purpose was to prevent it happening," the statement said.Ba Shusong, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, China's cabinet, said the new rules will further strengthen credit risk controls and put a "brake" on lending and keep the financial system in good health,Guo Tianyong, a professor with the Central University of Finance and Economics, said the new directive will prevent systemic risk after the rapid expansion in credit.Although the CBRC and the nation's central bank have repeatedly warned banks to maintain an even pace in lending growth and to avoid big fluctuations, new yuan loans hit a massive 1.39 trillion yuan in January, as banks scrambled to lend before an expected tightening in credit later in the year.CBRC chairman Liu Mingkang said on Jan. 27 the Chinese government is aiming to restrict credit supply to 7.5 trillion yuan (about 1.1 trillion U.S.dollars) in 2010.Analysts expect short-term loans to fall significantly on account of tougher lending requirements that prevent businesses using new loans to repay old credit, a phenomena rampant when bill financing with 180-day maturity comprised nearly half of new loans in the first quarter of 2009.To soak up the excess liquidity on the heels of lending spree, China has raised the deposit reserve requirement ratio (RRR) twice this year, after holding it steady for over a year, to handle the "comparatively loose liquidity" while keeping the "moderately easy" monetary policy unchanged.Jing Ulrich, Chairman of China Equities and Commodities at JP Morgan Chase, estimated China's new lending would fall 17 percent this year as the government takes steps to prevent inflation."While lending support for real economic activity is expected to continue, banks are likely to be more vigilant on shorter term credit facilities, given the regulator's anxiety over asset bubbles and capital adequacy ratios," she said.

BEIJING, Feb. 23 (Xinhua) -- Access to finance for China's small enterprises generally improved in 2009, but still was not good enough, said the country's top banking regulator on Tuesday.Outstanding loans to small Chinese enterprises added to 5.8 trillion yuan (849 billion U.S. dollars) as of the end of 2009, China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) said in a statement posted on its website.The figure accounted for 22 percent of total corporate loans by the end of last year, 1 percentage point higher than a year ago, said the CBRC.The CBRC data showed that the growth rate of new loans to small enterprises in 2009 was 5.5 percentage points higher than that of the total corporate lendings and 0.61 percentage higher than all lendings.China has set a target of keeping the growth rate of new small business loans higher than that of all loans in 2010, and the amount of new loans should be bigger than the previous year, said the CBRC."Small enterprises" in China refers to those with assets worth less than 10 million yuan or annual sales less than 30 million yuan, according to a CBRC document.Last December, China promised to help improve the financing mechanisms to help small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as they were worst hit by the financial crisis and have had difficulty securing loans as commercial lenders preferred state-owned enterprises and large key projects, as the risk was not as great.SMEs refers to enterprises whose annual business revenue is below 300 million yuan. But in retail and accommodation industry, the maximum annual business revenue is 150 million yuan for an SME.

BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao and other Chinese leaders on Friday joined deputies to the National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature, in deliberating the government work report, calling for efforts to facilitate the transformation of the pattern of economic development.The NPC kicked off its annual session Friday morning as about 3,000 deputies from across the country heard and deliberated the government work report delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao.BALANCED, COORDINATED AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTWhen joining NPC deputies from the eastern province of Jiangsu in a panel discussion on Premier Wen's report, President Hu called for efforts toward balanced, coordinated and sustainable development in the transformation of its economic growth pattern. Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) talks with deputies to the Third Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from east China's Jiangsu Province, in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2010. Hu Jintao joined in the panel discussion of Jiangsu delegation in deliberating the government work report by Premier Wen Jiabao on the opening day of the Third Session of the 11th NPCHu said efforts should be made to cultivate new pillar industries and industries with features and advantages, and achieve the coordinated development of the first, second and third industries.The country needs to develop more core and key technologies to support its transformation of the economic growth pattern and the economic restructuring, Hu told the lawmakers.He called for the establishment of a market-oriented technological innovation system, in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, learning and research institutes.He said higher education and research institutes should play a more important role in scientific and technological innovation.The President also stressed the coordination of industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, so that the agricultural sector could be boosted by the industrial sector, while the rural areas could benefit from the urban areas.He said authorities should facilitate balanced allocation of public resources and the free flow of production factors between urban and rural areas.Hu pointed out that China is currently facing both opportunities and challenges at the same time, but the opportunities outweigh challenges.He urged officials in Jiangsu Province to push forward independent innovation, promote urban-rural integration of economic and social development, and deepen the reform and opening-up drive.