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SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — California Gov. Jerry Brown is leaving office Jan. 7 after signing more than 1,000 laws in his last year, further positioning the state as a bastion of liberal activism and goad to President Donald Trump.The laws, most of which take effect Tuesday, ease criminal sentences, tighten gun restrictions and address climate change, gender discrimination and sexual harassment.The Democratic governor approved 1,016 laws, the most in any of his last eight years in office. His 201 vetoes also were the most during his final two terms, as lawmakers passed a record number of measures.Counting his two terms from 1975 to 1983, the state's longest-serving governor vetoed 1,829 bills and saw 17,851 become law.Here are some of the laws taking effect with the new year:CRIMINAL JUSTICESweeping new laws bar juveniles younger than 16 from being tried as adults, even for murder, and keep children under 12 out of the criminal justice system unless they are charged with murder or rape.Other laws allow many defendants to ask judges to dismiss their charges if they show mental illness played a major role in their crime and limit the state's felony murder rule, which holds accomplices to the same standard as the person who carried out the killing.A new law responding to police shootings of young black men broadens public access to officers' personnel records. A police union is challenging whether the law is retroactive.Repeat drunken drivers and first-time offenders involved in injury crashes must install an ignition interlock device, which blocks their vehicle from starting if the driver isn't sober.GUNSSpurred by mass shootings, lawmakers further tightened California's already tough gun laws.Anyone convicted of certain domestic violence misdemeanors will be barred for life from possessing a firearm, while those under age 21 will be banned from purchasing a rifle or shotgun unless they are members of law enforcement or the military or have a hunting license.Several other laws already took effect, including measures explicitly banning rapid-fire bump stocks that attach to guns; requiring eight hours of training for concealed carry applicants; and allowing police to seize ammunition and magazines under domestic violence restraining orders.A lifetime firearm ban goes into effect in 2020 for anyone who has been hospitalized for a mental health issue more than once in a year.WILDFIRESUtilities may bill customers for future legal damages and for settlements from the deadly 2017 wildfires that caused more than billion in insured losses, even if the companies' mismanagement caused the blazes.The measure is among more than two dozen wildfire-related laws.Others make it easier to log trees, build firebreaks and conduct controlled burns of vegetation that would fuel wildfires; require investor-owned utilities to upgrade equipment so it's less likely to cause fires; safeguard residents' insurance coverage following disasters; and improve emergency notifications.GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND SEXUAL HARASSMENTCalifornia becomes the first state to require publicly held corporations to have at least one woman on their boards of directors by the end of 2019 and two or more by 2021.Spurred by the #MeToo movement, another new law bans private and public employers, including the state Legislature, from reaching secret settlements over sexual assault, harassment or discrimination. A law preventing businesses from requiring employees to sign liability releases to keep their jobs or receive bonuses is among several expanded protections.Californians also can list their gender as "nonbinary" on their driver's licenses, designated as the letter "X."CLIMATE CHANGECalifornia's utilities must generate 60 percent of their energy from wind, solar and other renewable sources by 2030, which is 10 percent higher than a previous mandate. Lawmakers set a goal of phasing out electricity from fossil fuels by 2045."This is historic because there is no economy larger in the world that has committed to pure clean energy," former Democratic state Sen. Kevin de Leon of Los Angeles wrote when Brown signed the bill into law.It was California's latest ambitious reaction to Trump's decisions to withdraw from the Paris climate accord and revive the coal industry.Other new laws study ways to ease the impact of climate change, encourage the use of biomethane and protect Obama administration targets for removing "super pollutants" called hydrofluorocarbons from refrigerants.Another law bars the Trump administration from expanding oil drilling off the California coast by blocking new pipelines and other supporting construction in state waters.OTHER LAWS— Dine-in restaurants may only provide drinking straws at customers' request.— Restaurants that advertise children's meals must include water or unflavored milk as the default beverage, though customers can still order other options.— Elections officials must provide prepaid return envelopes for vote-by-mail ballots. They also must give voters a chance to correct a ballot signature that doesn't match the one on file and let them track mail-in ballots.— The minimum wage rises to for companies with 26 or more employees and for smaller businesses as California phases in a base hourly wage.— A bill protecting net neutrality rules was set to take effect Jan. 1 but was blocked until a federal lawsuit is resolved. 5423

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) -- California leaders are considering making voting by mail a permanent option for all registered voters.This year, the state required county elections officials to mail a ballot to all registered voters ahead of the election, for an extra cost of about million. The goal was to have fewer people vote in person because of the coronavirus.Nearly 60% of registered voters cast ballots before Election Day. Now, the state's Democratic leaders are considering making it a permanent option.Senate President Pro Tem Toni Atkins and Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon have endorsed the idea. Lawmakers would have to figure out how to pay for it. 672

RUTHERFORD COUNTY, North Carolina — A teen who shot and killed her mother's boyfriend will not be charged, authorities said.The Rutherford County Sheriff’s Office and the District Attorney’s Office said on Aug. 8, Chandra Nierman's 15-year-old daughter shot the 46-year-old male as he was attacking Nierman.Her other children, a 12-year-old son, and a 16-year-old daughter were there when the violence occurred. Sheriff's deputies said the man was threatening to "cut Nierman’s throat and kill everyone in the house."A release from authorities said:"Nierman’s twelve-year-old son retrieved a firearm and Nierman’s fifteen-year-old daughter took the gun from her brother and fired it twice, striking the deceased male in the chest. One of the fired rounds fragmented, grazing Nierman’s sixteen-year-old daughter in the leg."The 16-year-old was taken to a hospital and was released."Nierman suffered significant bruises and contusions from the assault," the release said.The investigation also revealed the deceased man had threatened Nierman several times previously, and four days before, he had assaulted Nierman and fired multiple rounds from a firearm inside the residence to threaten and terrorize her."The investigation further revealed that the deceased male, who had multiple firearms in the house and frequently carried one on his person, was a convicted felon and had two active domestic violence protection orders against him from two different women in Indiana and Ohio, although no domestic violence or assaults had been reported to law enforcement locally prior to the fatal shooting," the release said. "The deceased male has been positively identified as Steven Kelley, originally from Indiana."Based on the facts and the evidence, "it is the conclusion of the District Attorney’s Office that the shooting was justified and no charges will be filed," the release states. 1903

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — The billionaire behind a measure to split California in three said he's giving up on the effort to reimagine the nation's most populous state after the state Supreme Court knocked it off the November ballot."The political environment for radical change is right now," venture capitalist Tim Draper wrote in a letter to the court dated Aug. 2 and made public by his opponents Thursday. "The removal of Proposition 9 from the November ballot has effectively put an end to this movement."The court struck Draper's measure in July in response to a lawsuit but didn't rule on the merits of the case, allowing Draper the opportunity to fight to put it on future ballots. He's not moving forward with the case.RELATED: State Supreme Court blocks proposal to split California into 3 states from November ballotDraper spent more than .7 million to qualify his initiative for the ballot, which requires gathering hundreds of thousands of signatures.It's not his first effort to break up California — his plan to split the state into six didn't qualify for past ballots. He's argued California has become ungovernable due to its size and diversity, politically and geographically.The latest plan would have divided California into three pieces. One would comprise the Bay Area, Silicon Valley, Sacramento and the rest of Northern California; the second would be a strip of land from Los Angeles to Monterey; and the third would include San Diego, the Central Valley and Orange County.RELATED: Proposal to split California into three states makes November ballotThe Planning and Conservation League sued to keep Draper's initiative off the ballot, arguing that such a massive change to the state's governance couldn't be done through a ballot initiative."At the end of the day, this was a billionaire's massive and illegal use of the initiative process, and the court was correct in stopping this folly," Carlyle Hall, an attorney who worked on the suit with the environmental group.Draper, meanwhile, said he had "no idea" if his initiative would have passed or if Congress would have given the necessary approval for the split but that the ballot measure would have spurred debate over government failings.RELATED: Calexit: New plan to split California aims to create 'autonomous Native American nation'"I wanted to let the voters debate, discuss and think about a different way forward — essentially a reboot. And, I wanted the political class to hear and witness the frustration of California's voters with decades of inaction and decay," he wrote. "I believed there was significant benefit to our democracy in that." 2650

SACRAMENTO (AP) — California would set a goal of generating 100 percent of the state's energy from carbon-free sources under legislation approved by the state Assembly.The bill approved Tuesday would accelerate California's renewable energy mandate from 50 percent to 60 percent by 2030. It would then set a goal of phasing out all fossil fuels by 2045, but it does not include a mandate or penalty.Supporters say the measure would help address climate change and boost California's clean energy economy.RELATED: California Energy Commission approves solar panel requirement for new homesCritics say it's unrealistic and would saddle families and businesses with higher energy bills.The measure returns to the Senate which must approve changes made in the Assembly. It was written by Democratic Sen. Kevin de Leon, who is challenging fellow Democratic U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein. 892