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Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder, a new study finds. Pregnant women in Vancouver who were exposed to the highest level of environmental nitric oxide, an airborne, traffic-related pollutant, were more likely to give birth to children later diagnosed with autism, the researchers say.Autism spectrum disorder, a developmental disability, is characterized by problems with communication and social interaction with accompanying repetitive behavior patterns.Lief Pagalan, lead author of the study and a member of the faculty of health sciences at Simon Fraser University, cautions that the study, published Monday in the medical journal JAMA Pediatrics, showed only an association between prenatal exposure to nitric oxide and autism rates. It did not prove that air pollution caused autism.Experts emphasize that the exact causes of autism remain unknown, and some say the researchers in this study did not analyze every potential risk factor.Still, the research "adds to the growing concern that there may be no safe levels of exposure to air pollution," Pagalan wrote in an email."Not only did we have access to rich data, enabling us to develop one of the largest studies to date, but we were also able to conduct this study in a city with relatively lower levels of air pollution," he said. 1375

PORTLAND, Ore. -- Carrying approximately a million books within its walls, Powell’s is a place where readers can get lost for hours both in the store, and in the pages of words thoughtfully arranged by thousands of authors. Emily Powell is a third-generation owner of the iconic independent bookstore.“I think the reason we’re so big and so noteworthy 50 years into our history is really the mix of new and used inventory on the shelf together," Powell said. "Very few folks do that in any industry. Certainly, it was unusual in the book industry at the time, and it’s still somewhat unusual still to this day.”Book lovers travel from all over to explore the so-called "City of Books," thrifting for old books with new ideas.“This is one of my favorite books,” Powell said.It could be a rare book, a timely book, or a book you’ve never heard of before.“It really resonates whether you’re a book lover or just someone with an interest in anything. You just have to find your corner of the store and dive deep into that section.”Powell’s is the world’s largest independent bookstore. The owners recently decided to pull their books from Amazon’s virtual shelves. Some say the world’s largest online marketplace has become a threat to local bookstore culture.“They extract a commission but they also ask for certain customer-service treatment and ways of behaving that are not how we would ordinarily run our business,” Powell said.Powell says business with Amazon became more and more costly, and with the pandemic, she says they needed to find a way forward that is sustainable for Powell’s and the community.“We need to be a part of an ecosystem that’s healthy and vital, and so we have to be part of building that ecosystem and hence the choice to cut off our Amazon business,” Powell said.Powell’s isn’t the only independent retailer struggling to compete with a company offering anything and everything at a cheap price with quick and free shipping. Powell’s has been turning to its e-commerce site during the pandemic as online sales have become essential, but not every local bookstore can afford to have its own book-sale website.“Bookshop is an online bookstore that supports local mom-and-pop, brick-and-mortar independent bookstores,” Bookshop founder Andy Hunter said.Andy Hunter started Bookshop in January. It’s a free way for bookstores to create an online shop to sell to its customers.“They can just go to our website, scroll down to the footer, there will be a ‘become an affiliate’ link and then they can onboard and they can create a shop in under an hour," Hunter said. "Really maybe half an hour. It’s as easy as setting up a Facebook page.”We reached out to Amazon for comment on this book-selling trend, but have yet to hear back. Hunter says Bookshop has already captured nearly 2% of Amazon’s market share for books. He’s hoping that percentage will continue to rise.“If we lose independent bookstores, the importance of books in our culture will be diminished,” Hunter said.Powell says spending money at a local bookstore instead of Amazon keeps the dollars in the community. She says choosing to stop sales through Amazon was a difficult decision, but a necessary one."We’ve contemplated it for years because we know that staying with Amazon was not the best choice for our business, but it’s very hard to give up sales that you really need to keep surviving one way or another,” Powell said.Her hope for Powell’s Books is that they can connect people to the value of reading while continuing to evolve with the changes of the future.“We’re so accustomed in our modern age to the idea that the computer is the best way to find anything, but in fact, it’s very difficult to replicate the in-person experience of a bookstore,” Powell said.She says certain books will always stay relevant. 3820

President Donald Trump lambasted "Chuck and Nancy" and told supporters in Tennessee at a rally on Tuesday that Democratic Senate candidate Phil Bredesen would do the bidding of Democratic congressional leaders.Trump was in Nashville to campaign for Bredesen's Republican opponent, Rep. Marsha Blackburn, in the race to replace the retiring Sen. Bob Corker."I never heard of this guy, who is he? Who is he?" Trump said of Bredesen. "He's an absolute, total tool of Chuck -- of Chuck Schumer. He's a tool of Chuck Schumer and of course the MS-13 lover Nancy Pelosi."Bredesen is, in fact, a popular former Nashville mayor and Tennessee governor, but he last ran for public office in 2006. He has led Blackburn in recent polls.Trump latched Bredesen to Schumer, the Senate minority leader, and Pelosi, the House minority leader, as well as former President Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton."If Bredesen were ever to get elected," Trump said, "he would do whatever Chuck and Nancy -- remember the term, 'Chuck and Nancy?' They don't want the wall, they want open borders, they're more interested in taking care of criminals than they are of taking care of you -- Bredesen donated a lot of money to the campaigns of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton.""Crooked Hillary," Trump added, as the crowd chanted "lock her up."Trump also claimed that Pelosi "loves MS-13," the gang whose members Trump claimed are being deported "by the thousands."Pelosi criticized the President's use of the term "animals," although it appeared she was referencing reports that suggested Trump was referring to all undocumented immigrants. Trump says he was referring to MS-13 gang members when he used the term.Trump also turned his reference to members of the MS-13 gang as "animals" into a campaign rallying cry."They're not human beings. They're not human beings. And this is why we call the blood-thirsty MS-13 gang members exactly the name I used last week," Trump said."What was the name?" he asked."Animals," the crowd responded.Trump is popular in Tennessee too. He trounced Hillary Clinton there in 2016, winning 61% of the vote to Clinton's 35%. A recent Vanderbilt University poll showed that Trump has a 53% approval rating, with 43% disapproving of his performance.The Tennessee race has major implications for control of the Senate, where Republicans have a 51 to 49 majority and can afford a net loss of just one seat in November's midterm elections. Democrats are eyeing Nevada, Arizona, Tennessee and even potentially Texas as possible pick-up opportunities. But the party is also defending 10 seats in states Trump won in 2016 -- five of which Trump won by double digits.Corker greeted Trump at the airport in Nashville and attend the night's events with the President. When Trump introduced Corker at the rally, he was met with audible boos from the audience.Corker had been a thorn in Republicans' side in the race to replace him, calling Bredesen a friend and only offering a tepid endorsement of Blackburn.For Trump, the trip to Tennessee comes as part of a ramped-up midterm travel schedule. He has recently hit the road to rail against endangered Senate Democrats, including Indiana's Joe Donnelly and West Virginia's Joe Manchin. 3242

President Donald Trump had lunch with National Rifle Association leaders Wayne LaPierre and Chris Cox over the weekend, he said Monday.The news was announced by the President during a meeting with governors at the White House Monday morning. The White House did not previously announce the meeting or provide a readout.Cox is the executive director of the NRA's lobbying arm, the NRA Institute for Legislative Action. LaPierre is the NRA's CEO.  458

President Donald Trump has begun the initial steps of preparing for a possible interview with the special counsel, a White House official and a person familiar with the situation said Friday, a sign the President's legal team is intensifying its deliberations over whether to allow him to come under Robert Mueller's questioning.One source familiar with the proceedings stressed the preparation efforts is "in its infancy."The preparations have been short and informal and included going over potential topics with the President that Mueller would likely raise in an interview, the people said. 602

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