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LOS ANGELES, April 7 (Xinhua) -- Unrecycled energy-efficient bulbs release tons of mercury into the environment every year, raising an environmental concern, it was reported on Thursday.Demand for the energy-efficient lights -- the compact fluorescent light bulb (CFL) -- is growing as government mandates for energy-efficient lighting take effect, yet only about two percent of residential consumers and one-third of businesses recycle the new bulbs, the Los Angeles Times said, quoting the Association of Lighting and Mercury Recyclers (ALMR).Each CFL contains up to five milligrams of mercury, a potent neurotoxin that's on the worst-offending list of environmental contaminants, the report said.As a result, U.S. landfills are releasing more than four tons of mercury annually into the atmosphere and storm water runoff, the Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association said in a study published by the paper.The federal Clean Energy Act of 2007 established energy- efficiency standards for light bulbs that dimmed the future for old-fashioned incandescents, which don't meet those standards. Incandescents are to be phased out by 2014 in the U.S., and California passed even stricter rules, calling for store shelves to be cleared of them by 2013.The old-style bulbs are just too wasteful, converting to light only 10 percent of the energy they consume. The rest is squandered as heat.Sales of energy-efficient alternatives like CFLs, halogen bulbs and LEDs have been growing steadily, with the low-cost CFLs the biggest sellers, according to the paper.If every California household replaced five incandescent bulbs with CFLs, the move would save 6.18 billion kilowatt-hours and prevent the annual release of 2.26 million tons of heat-trapping carbon dioxide, according to the California Energy Commission. That 's equivalent to taking 414,000 cars off the road.But no federal law mandates recycling of household fluorescent lights. Federal rules exempt some businesses, based in part on the number of bulbs used, said Paul Abernathy, executive director of the ALMR, which is based in Napa, Calif.Several states, including California, Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont and Minnesota, do require that all households and businesses recycle fluorescents, the paper said.But the ALMR said compliance is low because of a lack of convenient drop-off options.

BRUSSELS, April 29 (Xinhua) -- As a 2004 European Union (EU) directive on herbal medicine is to be fully implemented on May 1, herbal medicinal products without a license will no longer be allowed in the EU market, the European Commission said in a press release Friday.The Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive, adopted by the EU member states in 2004, introduced a so-called simplified registration procedure with a seven-year transition period for traditional herbal medicinal products to obtain a medicine license.As the transition period is to expire on Saturday, herbal medicinal products from home and abroad, most of which have been sold as food supplements for decades, need to be medically registered or authorized by EU governments in order to remain in the market after May 1.Instead of going through safety tests and clinical trials as regular chemical drugs, applicants are required by the directive to provide documents showing the herbal medicinal product is not harmful in the specified condition of use, as well as evidence that the product at least has a 30-year history of safe use, including 15 years in the EU.However, a wide range of eligibility and technical challenges along with prohibitive costs have so far prevented both local and outside herbal medicinal products from being granted the license.Only a small proportion of indigenous herbal medicinal products have been approved for registration while not a single Chinese or Indian traditional herbal medicinal products have been licensed.Lack of pan-European rules, EU member states had adopted different approaches to herbal medicine, thus creating a "state of anarchy" in the markets despite the fact that indigenous herbs had a 700-year history of use in Europe.Although the directive was intended to harmonize rules of member states and build a level-playing field across the EU, critics argued that the directive may fall short of the aim and create more chaos and uncertainties for the industry.DRAWBACKSThe directive has been under attack for being neither "adequate " nor "appropriate" due to its high registration cost for a single product and its lack of consideration about the Chinese and Indian traditional herbal medicine.Chris Dhaenens, a licensed herbalist in Belgium and a shareholder of a medium-sized herbal importing company doing business with China and ten European countries, said the directive was only appropriate for companies carrying a few products and who could afford the registration costs."It is simply inaccessible to most players distributing high- quality Chinese or Indian herbal products in Europe," he said, adding that the registration fee for a single product could be as high as 150,000 euros.The Alliance for Natural Health, a British-based group representing herbal practitioners, estimated the cost of obtaining a license at between 80,000 and 120,000 pounds (90,000 to 135,000 U.S. dollars) per herb.Dhaenens, who is also the president of the European Benefyt Foundation, a leading traditional medicine group in Europe, argued that the directive only tried to regulate herbal products instead of its practitioners and the whole herbal system, as well as fell short to take the Chinese and Indian traditional medicine into full consideration.Even the European Commission had admitted that the directive was not fit for the registration of Chinese and Indian medicine in an earlier exchange with the European Medicine Agency in Dec. 2008, Dhaenens revealed in an exclusive interview with Xinhua."But they had no money or time to work out an alternative, and so it was left to the member states," he said.

BEIJING, April 24 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government has ordered food companies to keep clear and intact records of all their production and selling operations as part of the efforts to prevent the illegal use of food additives.All food manufacturing and management companies must examine all products in stock for any trace of illegal food additives and keep records of the results in accordance with laws and regulations, according to a circular released Sunday by the food safety committee under the State Council, or China's Cabinet.The circular came days after Vice Premier Li Keqiang warned of the great harm from illegal additives in food, promising "a firm attitude, iron-hand measures and more efforts" in dealing with the problem.Companies that fail to keep genuine and intact records and documents will be ordered to reform, and those providing fake records and certificates will be suspended from operations and punished accordingly, said the circular.According to the circular, it is strictly forbidden to produce and sell non-edible materials that are likely to be used in food production without official certificates, and authorized production companies of these materials must adopt a real-name selling system.These materials, including those banned in animal feed and drinking water, should not be sold to food and feed companies, the circular added.A series of food safety scandals emerged in China recently. In one of the latest cases, steamed buns in Shanghai were reported, last week, to have been dyed, sold past their expiration date, or laced with coloring additives to mislead consumers.

BEIJING，March 11 (Xinhuanet) --A poor diet during pregnancy may result in health problems such as diabetes for the offspring in later life, according media reports Friday quotting a new research.Based on a study of rats, researchers from the University of Cambridge altered the protein content of the mother's diet during pregnancy as they found that rats were more vulnerable to the effects of diseases if their mothers were malnourished while they were pregnant.Further, the study also showed that an imbalanced diet in the expectant mother can compromise the long-term functioning of a gene in the child. And the gene, named Hnf4a, is believed to play a major role in the development of the pancreas and in the production of insulin.The researchers held similar mechanisms seen in the rat study could occur in humans, and that the effects might be felt by more than just the immediate offspring."What is most exciting about these findings is that we are now starting to really understand how nutrition during the first nine months of life spent in the womb shape our long term health by influencing how the cells in our body age," said Susan Ozanne, senior author of the paper and senior fellow from the Institute of Metabolic Science at the University of Cambridge.And Jeremy Pearson, associate medical director at the British Heart Foundation, said: "The reasons why are not well understood, but this study in rats adds to the evidence that a mother's diet may sometimes alter the control of certain genes in her unborn child.""It's no reason for expectant mothers to be unduly worried. This research doesn't change our advice that pregnant women should try to eat a healthy, balanced diet," he added.

BEIJING, Feb. 7 (Xinhua) -- China on Monday called for calmness and restraint from both Cambodia and Thailand to prevent the escalation of border conflicts between the two southeast Asian countries."Both Cambodia and Thailand are China's friendly neighbors. China hopes that the two nations exercise calmness and restraint, resolve disputes through consultation, and prevent the situation from escalation," Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said.The latest fighting between Cambodian and Thai troops in their age-old territorial dispute erupted at the border region Friday afternoon and entered the fourth consecutive day Monday.