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WASHINGTON, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of small genetic variations are associated with autism spectrum disorders, including an area of DNA that may be a key to understanding why humans are social animals, according to a multi-site collaborative study led by researchers at Yale University.To be published Thursday in the journal Neuron, the study reinforces the theory that autism, a disorder that develops in early childhood involving impairments in social interaction, language deficits and distinctive behaviors, is not caused by one or two major genetic defects, but by many small variations, each associated with a small percentage of cases.The study looked at more than 1,000 families in which there was a single child with an autism spectrum disorder, an unaffected sibling and unaffected parents. The team compared individuals with autism to their siblings to determine what types of genetic changes distinguished the affected child from the unaffected child.One of the most intriguing of these findings points to the same small section of the genome that causes Williams syndrome -- a developmental disorder marked by high sociability and an unusual aptitude for music.In autism, there is an increase in the chromosomal material, an extra copy of this region, and in Williams syndrome, there's a loss of that same material," said lead author Matthew State. "What makes this observation particularly interesting is that Williams syndrome is known for a personality type that is highly empathetic, social, and sensitive to the emotional state of others. Individuals with autism often have difficulties in the opposite direction. This suggests that there is an important key in that region to understanding the nature of the social brain."State and his team also found about 30 other regions in the genome that are very likely contributing to autism and are focused on about six of those regions that showed the strongest evidence."We're now moving on to a second phase of the study looking at an additional 1,600 families and should be able to identify multiple new regions that are strongly implicated in autism," he said.

BEIJING, Sep. 1 (Xinhuanet) -- A campaign is being launched across U.S. to help lovers of sugar drinks reduce their habit by the Center for Science in the Public Interest.This campaign is based on the findings of a new survey conducted by CDC (Centers for Disease Control)."Men drink more than women, and teens and young adults drink the most," said Cynthia L. Ogden who is an epidemiologist at the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics.The campaign is called "Life's Sweeter with Fewer Sugary Drinks." And it aims to decrease intake of soda and sugary drinks down to the American Heart Association recommendation of fewer than three cans per person per week.Sugary drink intake in the U.S. has increased over the last 30 years, which has been linked with weight gain, obesity, poor diet, and type 2 diabetes.So far, the cities signing on include Boston, Chicago and Los Angeles.

CANBERRA, June 6 (Xinhua) -- Australian beef is not to blame for a recent outbreak of E.coli in Japan, Meat and Livestock Australia confirmed on Monday.Twenty people have fallen ill in Japan's Toyama prefecture, with 15 of them infected with the O157 strain of E.coli after eating at a popular Korean-style barbecue restaurant chain, Gyukaka, on May 6.The operators of the restaurant chain, REINS International, said they suspected the bacterium might have been carried by beef imported from Australia.After conducting an investigation into the Japanese outbreak, regional manager for Meat and Livestock Australia, Melanie Brock, said testing shows Australian beef was not the source of the outbreak."The Toyama prefecture health authorities have confirmed following a thorough inspection that imported Australian beef was not the source of an incident of E.coli," Brock said in a statement on Monday."The authorities continue to investigate other food consumed by the affected customers."Brock said Australian beef has long been recognized by the Japanese trade and consumers for its strong safety record.Brock added that Australian beef for export to Japan is processed under the veterinary supervision of the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, and is recognized internationally as bearing a high hygienic standard.

BEIJING, Sept. 20 (Xinhua) -- Floods and landslides triggered by recent heavy rains in eight of China's provincial-level regions have left 70 people dead and 32 others missing this month.Heavy downpours, floods and other related disasters have affected Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, Chongqing, Hubei, Shandong, Shanxi and Gansu, the National Disaster Reduction Commission said in a statement released on Tuesday.As of Tuesday, these disasters have affected 21.56 million people and caused an estimated 26.09 billion yuan (4.08 billion U.S. dollars) in direct economic losses, the statement said.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 28 (Xinhua) -- Global marketing and advertising research company Nielson on Thursday said in its latest survey that Google's Android operating system (OS) continued to dominate the U.S. smartphone market in June.According to Nielson's June survey of mobile consumers, the Android OS claims the largest share of the U.S. consumer smartphone market with 39 percent. Apple's iOS is in second place with 28 percent while RIM Blackberry is down to 20 percent.Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 OS had a 9 percent share of the market while HP webOS (Palm) accounted for 2 percent as did Nokia' s Symbian.In Nielson's May survey, 38 percent of smartphone consumers had a device powered by Android, compared to 27 percent for Apple's iOS for iPhones and 21 percent for RIM Blackberry.Talking about the manufacturer share, Apple is the No.1 in the U.S. as it is the only company manufacturing smartphones with the iOS, said the report.Other leading manufacturers include HTC, whose Android phones represents 14 percent of the smartphone market and whose Windows Mobile/WP7 devices accounted for 6 percent of the market.Motorola's Android devices are owned by 11 percent of smartphone consumers. Samsung's Android devices are used by 8 percent of smartphone consumers and its Windows Phone 7 devices take a 2 percent share, said Nielson.