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According to President Donald Trump, the tragic Texas church shooting that left 26 people dead was "a mental health problem at the highest level."If you ask mental health researchers, such mass shootings are much more complicated than that.On Sunday, 26-year-old Devin Kelley sprayed bullets across the sanctuary of First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas, about 30 miles east of San Antonio. The youngest killed at the church was 17 months old; the oldest was 77 years old."We have a lot of mental health problems in our country, as do other countries, but this isn't a guns situation," Trump said during a joint news conference Monday in Tokyo."This is a mental health problem at the highest level," he said. "It's a very, very sad event."Trump's response to the Texas church shooting echoed previous comments he has made on gun violence. In 2015, Trump said he was opposed to tightening gun laws in the United States but was in favor of addressing mental health to prevent shootings.Yet various epidemiological studies over the past two decades show that the vast majority of people with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or severe depression, are no more likely to be violent than anyone else.Rather, people with severe mental illnesses are more than 10 times more likely to be victims of violent crime than the general population. And, only about 3% to 5% of violent acts can be attributed to individuals living with a serious mental illness, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services.But those statistics have "almost nothing to do with mass casualty shootings," said Jeffrey Swanson, a professor in psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Duke University who specializes in gun violence and mental illness.So exactly how are mental health and gun violence intertwined, and what is needed to end the violence?Gun violence and mental illness are public health problems "that intersect at the edges" but have very little overlap, Swanson told CNN last year.There's no doubt that America's systems of care for mental health are overburdened, expensive and inaccessible for many who need them, he said. But when it comes to gun violence among this community, suicide tends to occur at higher rates than homicides, he said."If we back up and think about firearm-related injuries and mortality as a public health problem, it turns out there is a mental health-related story, and it's suicide," he said. "If we had better mental health care and could get people better access and break down barriers to care, then yes, we might reduce gun violence by a lot but it would be from reducing suicides."Otherwise, mental illness is just one "highly unspecific" factor that may contribute to gun violence, along with being young, white and male, or a history of violence, Swanson said.Instead of policies that restrict gun access based solely on mental illness diagnoses or because a person has made contact with the judicial system or health care agencies due to mental illness, the American Psychological Association, the National Alliance on Mental Illness and other advocacy groups have called for gun access criteria based on more subtle indicators of potentially dangerous behavior.Those indicators -- such as having past or pending violent misdemeanor convictions or charges, domestic violence restraining orders or multiple DUI convictions -- have been largely informed by the work of Swanson and others.Swanson supports intervention at the point of purchase through comprehensive background checks -- but to make background checks work, criteria for inclusion on the database should be based on other indicators of risk besides mental health history, such as those indicators of aggressive, impulsive or risky behavior."A history of violent behavior is a far better predictor of future violence than mental illness," he said.Calling gun violence a mental health issue is to scapegoat and stigmatize people with mental illness, he said."It's kind of a canard, a convenient explanation that exploits the tremendous fear people have with these horrifying mass shootings," he said. "If people fear those with mental illness they're going to treat them with scorn and support public policies that restrict their liberties."After all, mental illness affects millions of adults across the country.In 2015, there were an estimated 43.4 million adults in the United States with some form of mental illness within the past year, which represented 17.9% of adults nationwide, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.The American Psychological Association recommends prohibiting firearms for high-risk groups, such as domestic violence offenders or persons convicted of violent misdemeanor crimes."Reducing the incidence of gun violence will require interventions through multiple systems, including legal, public health, public safety, community, and health. Increasing the availability of data and funding will help inform and evaluate policies designed to reduce gun violence," according to the association's website.Swanson and his colleagues examined the proportion of people in the United States with impulsive angry behavior who own or carry guns and have a diagnosable mental illness in a paper published in the journal Behavioral Sciences & the Law in 2015.They conducted household surveys with 9,282 people from February 2001 to April 2003, excluding people who carried guns for work, resulting in a response rate of 70.9%.An analysis of the survey results estimated that nearly one in 10 adults has access to firearms and has a problem with anger and impulsive aggressive behavior.These people were more likely to be male, younger and married and to live in outlying areas around metropolitan centers rather than in central cities, Swanson and his colleagues wrote in their paper.They were significantly more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for a wide range of mental disorders, including depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders, PTSD, intermittent explosive disorder, pathological gambling, eating disorder, alcohol and illicit drug use disorders, and a range of personality disorders.What's more, despite evidence of "considerable psychopathology" in many of these respondents, only a very small proportion, 8% to 10%, were ever hospitalized for a mental health problem."Because only a small proportion of persons with this risky combination have ever been involuntarily hospitalized for a mental health problem, most will not be subject to existing mental health-related legal restrictions on firearms resulting from a history of involuntary commitment," Swanson and his colleagues wrote in the paper's abstract.As for Texas gunman Kelley, the state denied him a license to carry a gun, Gov. Greg Abbott said, citing the director of Texas' Department of Public Safety."So how was it that he was able to get a gun? By all the facts that we seem to know, he was not supposed to have access to a gun," Abbott told CNN's Chris Cuomo. "So how did this happen?"On Monday, Trump said his "thoughts and prayers" were with the victims and their families but did not suggest plans to take any legislative or other policy action to address the shooting. 7228

All most people wanted for Christmas after this year of pandemic uncertainty, and sadness was some cheer and togetherness.Instead, many are heading into a season of isolation, grieving lost loved ones, worried about their jobs, or confronting the fear of a potentially more contagious variant of the coronavirus.Residents of London can't see people outside their households.Peruvians won't be allowed to drive their cars over Christmas and New Year to discourage visits.South Africans won't be able to go to the beach over Christmas.According to the Associated Press, when it comes to eating on Christmas, officials in France recommend eating with no more than six people. In Chile, it's 15, and in Brazil, it's as many as you want.The patchwork of restrictions imposed by local and national governments across the world varies widely — but few holiday seasons will look normal this year.Although there aren't travel restrictions in the U.S., the CDC has urged people not to travel. AAA projects that as many as 84.5 million Americans might travel during the week of Christmas up to Jan. 3.With Christmas just days away, some states require visitors to quarantine or test negative before visiting their states.Suppose you travel to Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, D.C., Hawaii, Maine, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, or Rhode Island. In that case, you have the option of presenting a negative COVID-19 test within 72 hours before entering the state or quarantine.If visiting California, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, or Wisconsin, you are requested or required to self-quarantine for up to 14 days upon arriving.The CDC recommends celebrating virtually or with your household members, which is considered the lowest risk of spreading COVID-19. 1875

Actress Drew Barrymore is now a television talk show host.On Monday, "The Drew Barrymore Show" debuted on CBS, with featured guests former "Charlie's Angels" co-stars Cameron Diaz and Lucy Liu.According to CNN, Diaz appeared as a hologram.Adam Sandler was also a guest.The premiere included an introduction of the new segment “Drew’s News,” cooking with Chef Haile Thomas, Islander Lively Bowl, and revealing a surprise backyard makeover for essential workers in the piece "Designed by Drew," and debuting "The Goodbye," the talk show's website said.Her show, retrofitted for the COVID-19 era, is shot in New York, where she also lives with her two daughters, the Associated Press reported. 698

Amariah Matos wasn't happy.She was told that when class let out Thursday, she'd have to spend three extra hours in school -- serving detention.She'd have to do that again Friday and on Monday.RELATED:?National Walkout Day 2018 photos from around the USThat's the price 16-year-old Amariah and 35 others at Lindenhurst High in New York were told they'd paying for walking out of class during the National School Walkout on Wednesday.In her case, a last-minute request from the New York governor spurred school administrators to wipe the punishment off their slates. 572

A Masai giraffe calf died on Tuesday at the Columbus Zoo in Ohio shortly after its mother, Cami, was given an emergency Cesarean section in an effort to save both the mother and calf. According to the Columbus Zoo, veterinarians and zoo staff recognized that Cami was going into labor Tuesday afternoon, but that the giraffe calf was presenting rear hooves first. The zoo said that it is rare for calves to survive when born rear hooves first.That is when a decision was made for veterinarians to enter Cami's stall. It also meant that a webcam of the birth broadcasted by National Geographic was shut off. Veterinarians from the zoo and Ohio State University first attempted to remove the calf manually. When that did not work, they performed the emergency Cesarean section.Unfortunately, their efforts were futile. "Cesarean sections in giraffes are extremely rare and typically conducted as a last resort due to the high risks involved in putting giraffes under anesthesia and successful recovery," the zoo said in a statement. "After the calf was extracted via Cesarean section, the veterinary team found that the calf had serious congenital defects and thus would not have survived even if it had been born front hooves first."The zoo said Cami’s condition was stable, but her prognosis remains guarded as of late Tuesday evening. Zoo staff will continue to monitor her condition. Tuesday's failed birth marks the second giraffe calf the zoo has lost in recent weeks. On November 17, Ubumwe, an 18-day-old calf died at the zoo. The cause of Ubumwe's death remains unknown, and a full pathology report is being conducted to determine the cause of death. According to information from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, giraffe calves have a 25 percent mortality rate. This is compared to roughly a 50-percent mortality rate for giraffe calves born in the wild, according to the association.  2007

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