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WELLINGTON, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Scientists in New Zealand have developed a new drug to fight previously untreatable hypoxic cancer tumors, which form in areas of the body starved of oxygen.The researchers at the Auckland University have entered an agreement for the clinical development of CEN-209, which was developed over 10 years of research, said a statement from the university Tuesday.CEN-209 was designed to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in solid hypoxic tumors, which were resistant to standard cancer therapies, said the statement. In lung cancer patients for example, about half of tumors had hypoxic regions.The new drug worked by damaging the DNA of hypoxic cancer cells, while leaving normal, healthy tissues alone.CEN-209 was designed and created by researchers at the university's Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC), using computer models of drug transport within tumors to accurately predict the anti-tumor activity of the drugs."Our computer models of drug transport developed in-house allowed the synthetic chemists to test their design theories and considerably shortened the discovery process," said Associate Professor Michael Hay, who led the ACSRC research chemists."CEN-209 improves markedly on previous agents in this class in terms of its ability to penetrate tumors, and this is reflected by its improved activity in the laboratory, when combined with long or short courses of radiotherapy," said researcher Professor Bill Wilson.Under the agreement between the university's Auckland UniServices Ltd. and California-based Centella Therapeutics, Inc., a subsidiary of Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Centella will have exclusive rights to CEN-209, which it will develop and trial with Cancer Research UK.The work on CEN-209 is the culmination of a program initiated with funding from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, and more recently from the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery. Ongoing preclinical research on CEN-209 and a backup compound was funded by grants from the Auckland Medical Research Foundation, Genesis Oncology Trust and Health Research Council of New Zealand, said the statement.

PHNOM PENH, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- The critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphin population in the Mekong River numbers just 85, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) new research revealed on Wednesday.Calf survival was found to be very low, leading researchers to conclude that the small population is declining and at high risk of extinction, said the Fund's statement sent to Xinhua News Agency on Wednesday.According to Li Lifeng, Director of WWF's Freshwater Program, the research is based on photographic identification of dolphins through individually unique features of their dorsal fins. "Most of the dolphins can be identified, and we use that information to estimate the population size," he said.Although this population estimate is slightly higher than the previous estimate, the researchers were quick to note that the population had not increased over the last few years."With a larger dataset and recent analytical advances, previously unidentifiable dolphins which had few marks on their dorsal fins have been included," he added.However, surveys conducted from 2007 to 2010 show the population slowly declining."Evidence is strong that very few young animals survive to adulthood, as older dolphins die off and are not replaced," he explained."Pressures of gill net entanglement and high calf mortality we are really worried for the future of dolphins," Li said.However, Touch Seang Tana, chairman of Cambodia's Commission for Conversation and Development of the Mekong River Dolphins Eco- tourism Zone, rejected the WWF's finding, saying that last year, 4 dolphins were killed by fishing nets, but up to 7 newborn dolphin babies were found.He estimated that the total population of Mekong dolphins in the north-eastern provinces of Kratie and Stung Treng is between 155 and 177 now, up from just 100 in 2006.The Mekong River Irrawaddy dolphin has been listed as critically endangered on the World Conservation Union Red List of Threatened Species since 2004.

BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhuanet) -- Almost one in four Chinese students aged between 12 and 14 have tried smoking, according to the results of a survey released by the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (CATC).The survey, carried out among 38,839 students and 6,503 teachers from middle and high schools in 11 provinces across the country between May and June, showed that 22.5 percent of students aged between 12 and 14 had tried smoking and that 15.8 percent of middle and high school students smoke regularly."There are definitely quite a number of boy students in my class who smoke regularly as some have been found smoking outside campus during lunch break," said Li Xiaolan, an English teacher from a high school in Shanghai. The survey also found that 39 percent of students took their first cigarette from their classmates."It was quite common to smoke with my classmates at school and we usually smoked in toilets or in corners of the playground after lunch," said Zhou Guangrong, a 22-year-old university student from Guiyang, Guizhou province, who started smoking when he was 12.The majority of student smokers buy cigarettes themselves and about 76 percent of the adolescent smokers said that there is at least one cigarette shop within 200 meters from their school."When I was a student at middle and high schools, they were surrounded by cigarette shops," said Zhou who used to smoke two cigarettes per day in primary school and two packs per week in middle and high school."We're keen to show that more adolescents are starting smoking much younger than before, and that we need to minimize the number of young smokers," said Duan Jiali, secretary-general of the youth tobacco control commission under CATC. Duan added that teachers and parents should set a good example for teenagers by not smoking in front of them at school or at home, which is the most influential way of stopping adolescents from smoking.China banned smoking in 16 types of public indoor venues - including hospitals, schools, bars, restaurants and hotels - on May 1 in an attempt to curb tobacco use in the country with the world's largest number of smokers.Currently, there are more than 300 million smokers in China, and about 1.2 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year, accounting for one-fifth of the world's total, according to statistics from the World Health Organization."Meanwhile, about 540 million people are exposed to secondhand smoke, 48.9 percent of which are adolescents (from 15 to 19 years old)," said Xu Guihua, deputy director of the CATC."It's essential and urgent for us to control the number of adult smokers who potentially tempt adolescents to smoke."

SYDNEY, Aug. 16 (Xinhua) -- People sitting in front of TV for hours on end could shorten their life expectancy by almost five years, according to an Australian study published on Tuesday by the British Journal of Sports Medicine.Researchers from the University of Queensland estimate that for every hour adults spend in front of TV, their life expectancy shortens by almost 22 minutes.Those who watched six hours a day lived 4.8 years less than those who don't watch TV.The study is the first in Australia to look into how TV habits affect longevity.The Australian researchers found that watching TV could have a similar negative impact on life expectancy to that of obesity, smoking and low physical activity."People don't realize how it all adds up," the study's lead author Dr. Lennert Veerman told the Australian Associated Press (AAP)."They should try not to watch too much TV and find alternative things to do, preferably things that are light activities," Veerman said.The study was based on data from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study and asked more than 11,000 people aged over 25 about their weekly TV viewing time.The study found that in 2008 Australian adults watched 9.8 billion hours of TV."These findings suggest that substantial loss of life may be associated with prolonged TV viewing time among Australian adults," the study said."TV viewing time may have adverse health consequences that rival those of lack of physical activity, obesity and smoking; every single hour of TV viewed may shorten life by as much as 22 minutes," it said."With further corroborative evidence, a public health case could be made that adults also need to limit the time spent watching TV."Australians are recommended to spend at least 30 minutes a day doing moderate-intensity physical activity to reduce an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

KIEV, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Ukraine's regional health authority declared Tuesday a cholera epidemic in the eastern region of Donetsk had ended.All 26 people who had been treated for the disease had been discharged from hospital, the press-service of the Donetsk Regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Service said on its official website.As of this week, no new cases had been registered, the statement said.The cholera outbreak hit eastern Ukraine in late May. The disease can cause rapid dehydration and death.The outbreak was believed to be associated with fish and drinking water supplies from the Sea of Azov.