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WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at St. Michael's Hospital in Canada have discovered a new function for an enzyme that may protect against organ injury and death from anemia, according to a study appearing Monday in the U.S. journal of the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers found that when people have anemia, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) -- an enzyme in nerve cells that produces nitric oxide, an important signaling molecule in the body -- increases the body's ability to respond, adapt to low oxygen levels and makes the body more efficient in delivering oxygen to tissues. They also found that levels of nNOS in the brain increased in anemic mice, and that the mice without this enzyme die earlier, and with higher hemoglobin levels."Identifying this mechanism may lead to new therapies and approaches to improving outcomes for anemic patients," said Dr. Greg Hare, a researcher at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of the hospital and one of the lead investigators of the study.Anemia occurs when blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin -- an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from the lungs and heart to the rest of the body. Cells need oxygen to survive and to produce energy for all bodily functions. The condition has many different causes including infection (malaria, HIV, parasites), nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, B12), genetic mutations, pregnancy, trauma and surgical blood loss."This research will help us identify when an anemic patient is at greatest risk for injury and death when undergoing surgery," said Hare. "Research is underway to test these findings in humans."

BEIJING, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature, began here Monday to deliberate draft interpretations on two annexes of the Basic Law of the Macao concerning election issues.Li Fei, deputy director of the Commission of Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, explained the draft interpretations to lawmakers.The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) was adopted in 1993 and went into effect on Dec. 20, 1999.Annex I to the Basic Law provides a method for selecting the SAR's chief executives while Annex II sets the method for the formation of its legislative assembly.Clause 7 of Annex I of the Basic Law says that if there is a need to amend the method for selecting the Chief Executives for 2009, and the terms subsequent to the year 2009, such amendments must be made with endorsement of a two-thirds majority of all the members of the Legislative Council and the consent of the Chief Executive, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval.Clause 3 of Annex II says that if there is a need to amend the method of forming the Legislative Assembly of the Macao Special Administrative Region in and after 2009, such amendments must be made with the endorsement of a two-thirds majority of all the members of the Assembly and the consent of the Chief Executive, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.Li said that the phase "if there is a need to amend ..." should mean that they may or may not be amended.The decision-making on whether such necessity exists is reserved to the central authorities, or the NPC standing committee, said Li, adding that the Macao SAR government, rather than members of the Legislative Assembly, individually or jointly, should be the proper entity to propose any such amendments.Li also explained that if no amendment to the methods is adopted, the two Annexes should still apply.The full text of draft has not been made public yet, but the points raised by Li are identical to those in the committee's prior interpretations on Hong Kong SAR's Basic Law in 2004.During the deliberation, members of the committee noted that draft would help to safeguard Macao's long-term prosperity and stability.They also believed that it was "proper and necessary" to adopt the draft during this week's session as Macao's chief executive Fernando Chui Sai On had made the issue of modifying the method a "major work" in his policy address for the fiscal year 2012.Chui's statement recognized that "there is agreement that it is appropriate to properly modify the two methods in order to adapt to society's development and progress" and promised to "submit a proposal on whether to modify and - if so - how to modify the methods."Macao expects the formation of its fifth Legislative Assembly in 2013, and the selection of its fourth Chief Executive in 2014.

ZHENGZHOU, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) -- A leading Chinese producer for quick-frozen snacks Thursday apologized for the production and sale of bacteria-contaminated dumplings and said that a recall was underway.A spokeswoman from Zhengzhou Sinian Food Co., Ltd. said they had confirmed the contamination of staphylococcus aureus, or golden staph, in its quick-frozen seafood and pork-stuffed dumplings.The company had started the recall and destruction of the contaminated products, said Lin Xiaohong, a marketing executive of the company, adding that an investigation into the source of the contamination was underway.The statement came after authorities in Beijing announced they had detected golden staph from one batch of dumpling products by the Henan-based company. The bacteria can cause various diseases, including pneumonia and sepsis, and is strictly banned in food procession.

BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists have discovered that blind optimism is related to brain's frontal lobes which are associated with processing errors, according to a British study published Monday in the journal Nature Neuroscience.Scientists at the University College of London scanned brains of volunteers who were asked to estimate their personal likelihood of involving in negative events, like a divorce or cancer,  before and after given the average probability of these events occurring.They found that the volunteers who estimated lower probability (or the more optimistic ones) than the given one raised their estimates a little bit later while those estimated higher probability altered their estimates much more.Through the brain scanner, scientists saw there was less activity in the volunteers' frontal regions when the information given was worse than expected while more activity when the information was better than expected. It suggested that the more optimistic people neglected the negative predictions."The more optimistic we are, the less likely we are to be influenced by negative information about the future," said Dr. Tali Sharot, lead author of the study. He added being optimistic clearly had some benefits, "but it can also mean that we are less likely to take precautionary action, such as practising safe sex or saving for retirement. So why don't we learn from cautionary information?"