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JOHANNESBURG, June 1 (Xinhua) -- An estimated 2 million adolescents ages 10 to 19 are living with HIV, with 86 percent of them from sub-Saharan Africa, according to a global report on HIV prevention launched in Johannesburg on Wednesday.For the first time, the world gets to see the number of adolescents between the ages of 10 to 19 living with HIV in the report named Opportunity in Crisis: Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood.The report is a jointly publication by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), UNAIDS, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the International Labor Organization (ILO) , the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank.According to the report, people aged 15-24 accounted for 41 percent of new infections over the age of 15 in 2009. Worldwide, an estimated 5 million young people in that age group were living with HIV in 2009. Most of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, young women make up more than 60 percent of all young people living with HIV. In sub-Saharan Africa that rate jumped to 72 percent.Despite these challenges, the report acknowledges that some progress has been made in preventing new infections among young people."In many high-burden countries, HIV prevalence and incidence have declined among young people. While in 2001 there were 5.7 million young people living with HIV, the figure stands at 5 million (in 2009)," said the UNICEF eastern and southern Africa regional director, Elhadj As Sy, at the media briefing.He pointed that sexual transmission and injection drug use remain the major modes of transmission of HIV among young people. Early sexual debut, early pregnancy and early experiences with drug use all raise risks for HIV infection.The report reveals that unemployment and poverty are reported as the main reasons young people enter the sex trade. Worldwide, many young people driven by economic pressure, exploitation, social exclusion and lack of family support turn to commercial sex and injecting drug use.In 2001, the world made a commitment to reduce the prevalence of HIV among young people by 25 percent by 2010. The actual reduction achieved (from 5.7 million to 5 million) is 12 percent, and it represents less than half the target percentage."To avoid the current programming failures, we have to adopt a ' Continuum of Prevention Approach'." said Lina Mousa, deputy director of UNFPA Africa Regional Office."This continuum of prevention must be reflected in national HIV strategic plans, poverty reduction strategies and global fund proposals. This response must be developed with and for young people so that they own the response together with their communities," she added.To build this continuum of prevention for adolescents and young people, the reports outlined nine specific recommendations including providing young people with information and comprehensive sexuality education, strengthening child protection and social protection measures, engaging communities in shaping a positive social environment that promotes healthy behavior, establishing laws and policies that respect young people's rights.

BEIJING, Sept. 2 (Xinhuanet) -- Firefighters who worked in the wreckage of the World Trade Center in 2001 were 19 percent more likely to develop cancer than those who were not there, according to a study.The study, published Thursday in the British medical journal The Lancet, surveyed cancer occurrence in nearly 10,000 male firefighters in the seven years after Sept. 11, 2001. (There were too few women to create a meaningful sample size.)The 9/11 attacks occurred on Tuesday, Sept. 11, 2001. As a result, the World Trade Center collapsed, and nearly 3,000 Americans killed. Among the 2,753 victims killed in the World Trade Center were 343 firefighters.There were 263 cancer cases in the exposed population, showing a cancer rate 19 percent higher than that of the group not exposed.The study indicated that cancers like melanoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, thyroid and prostate cancer occurred more frequently among exposed firefighters than in the general population. But occurrences of lung cancer did not increase.The findings “provide information that there may be a significant cancer risk for these people”, said Dr. James Melius, the administrator of the New York State Laborers’ Health and Safety Trust Fund and one of the peer reviewers of the study.But the results were far from conclusive. “This is not an epidemic,” said Dr. David J. Prezant, a lead researcher and the chief medical officer for the New York Fire Department.

BEIJING, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- A defunct U.S. satellite is expected to crash down to Earth Friday, with nobody knowing where or when exactly it will hit. This was avoidable, a Chinese expert said Thursday.Pang Zhihao, a researcher from the Chinese Research Institute of Space Technology, told Xinhua that the crash could have been avoided had the satellite been put into a higher orbit, or manipulated to drop in the South Pacific when it had abundant fuel. It would pose no threat to Earth if these measures had been taken.NASA's tumbling, 5,900 kg Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, or UARS, is the first of such man-made space vehicles that have been launched into outer space according to the agency's Mission to Planet Earth. The mission was launched in the 1990s.The mission is designed to provide data for better understanding Earth's upper atmosphere and the effects of natural and human interactions on the atmosphere.The satellite was deactivated in 2005 as it ran out of fuel and was left orbiting Earth like a big piece of space junk.There are other cases of defunct satellites. The European Space Agency said earlier its observation satellite ERS-2 has run out of fuel and is deorbiting. It would therefore also crash sooner or later.Pang said all countries which are operating space vehicles should take care of their own spacecrafts so that they won't pose any danger.The expert also said that the public need not worry too much.Pang said most spacecrafts will be incinerated upon re-entering Earth's atmosphere, and the debris will mostly likely fall into the ocean or hit an uninhabited area. In addition, a debris tracker is able to give a comparatively accurate prediction where the craft will fall about two hours before it hits Earth, giving residents, if there are any, time to evacuate.He added that there are several ways to minimize the threat of decommissioned spacecrafts, like putting them into higher orbits and crashing them into designated waters.Scientific progress would possibly bring about more ways of dealing with tumbling satellites. Scientists have already been trying to build spacecrafts with degradable materials so that they can self-destruct when re-entering Earth's atmosphere.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 22 (Xinhua) -- Facebook on Thursday introduced Timeline, a new profile design featuring milestones of one's life on a single page.At Facebook's f8 developer conference, Chief Executive Officer Mark Zuckerberg promoted the new feature, a blog-like presentation that let users scrolls vertically through the big moments of one's life."It's how you can tell the whole story of your life in a single page," said Zuckerberg, showing his Timeline which started from a baby photo.Zuckerberg assured users that they have complete control over their Timeline, saying that they can decide what content will appear and who can see it. The new feature will be available in a few weeks.Half a billion people are using Facebook in the world everyday, according to Zuckerberg.

CANBERRA, June 10 (Xinhua) -- Going to work when you are feeling sick can make you sicker in the long run, an expert told Australia's media on Friday.New Zealand sociologist Professor Kevin Dew from the Victoria University in Wellington, has assessed more than 40 papers about " presenteeism".He defined presenteeism as: "People that are turning up at work when they feel that they should be at home sick.""People feel compelled to go to work because someone else would have to take up the workload (and they have a) feeling of responsibility for not being able to care properly for patients (if they don't show up)," he told the Australia Associated Press on Friday.He said that evidence suggested people who go to work when they are sick can have long term negative effects on health and productivity.Evidence shows that presenteeism increases illness, including musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression, and serious coronary events. It also leads to exhaustion which, in turn, leads to more presenteeism.Prof. Dew said certain medical conditions like depression and migraine are also linked with presenteeism because they are not seen as legitimate reasons for absence.He has written an editorial in the latest issue of the British Medical Journal about his findings.

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