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The opioid crisis has stolen the lives of thousands of those susceptible to addiction. But medical experts say that the crisis can be stemmed if parents take a stand when it comes to painkiller prescriptions.Hayden Kozlow can still remember the moments before this, the surgery to get her wisdom teeth removed."I hate needles," Hayden Kozlow said. "I hate like getting surgeries and things like that so I was super nervous and really scared."But her mom, DeEtte Kozlow, says for her, the most nerve-wracking part of it all happened with Hayden's nurse, before procedure began."As she was walking us through everything she said you know before it's all said and done I'll get Hayden's script for a painkiller," DeEtte Kozlow remembers. "And I said, 'Oh that won't be necessary. We don't need a painkiller.' And she said, 'Oh, you have to have a painkiller.'"Deette Kozlow says she felt obligated to take the opioid prescription, despite her reservations."Well, the opioid epidemic has touched us personally," Kozlow said. "And in December of 2016 we lost a very dear friend."But her biggest concern? Her daughter's age."I kind of panicked for a minute because she is 17," DeEtte Kozlow says.Research shows that for those who start using drugs or alcohol before the age of 18, there is a one-in-four chance of future addictions. For those who start using after the age of 21, that number falls to one-in-25."When you think about the developing teen brain, that brain is much more susceptible to addiction than an adult, fully-developed brain," said Ken MacLellan with Speak Now, a group that urges parents to talk with their children about drugs and alcohol. "So that's why we see that 90 percent of addictions start in teenage years because of all that brain development processes happening during adolescence."Speak Now is also working to urge parents to talk with their children's doctors, dentist and other health care providers about alternatives to prescribing highly addictive opioids and other pain relievers for their children."You don't have to fill that prescription, and you don't have to provide the drugs to your youth if you can figure out a different pain treatment plan," MacLellan said. "If so, there are alternatives."DeEtte Kozlow decided to treat Hayden with Tylenol, and she made a full recovery. Now, DeEtte has this advice for parents."Educate themselves," Kozlow said. "To talk to their doctors ahead of time ask for alternative medications other things that can be used other naturopathic things."  2560

The number of people within the orbit of Vice President Mike Pence who have contracted COVID-19 in recent days has grown to five, according to CNN and The New York Times.Those five include Pence's chief of staff, Marc Short, an outside advisor, Marty Obst, and aide Zach Bauer.On Saturday, the Trump administration confirmed that Short had contracted COVID-19. In a statement released, the White House said that both Pence and the second lady both tested negative, and CNN reports that they tested negative on Sunday as well.On Saturday, the White House said that Pence would "maintain his schedule in accordance with the CDC guidelines for essential personnel."However, The New York Times reports that "several" White House officials privately believe that Pence should stay off the campaign trail due to the outbreak. CNN spoke with officials who said Pence staff members are "scared" of contracting the virus.Just hours after the White House confirmed Short's diagnosis, White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows said on CNN that the Trump administration wasn't "going to control the pandemic" and would instead focus on treatments and vaccines.The outbreak within Pence's office is just the latest rash of COVID-19 cases that have reached the inner circle of the White House. President Donald Trump himself was hospitalized after contracting the virus earlier this month, and both first lady Melania Trump and her son, Barron, have also caught the virus. Several other top White House officials, including press secretary Kayleigh McEnany, adviser Stephen Miller and White House counselor Hope Hicks have also contracted the virus. 1641

The National Transportation Safety Board is launching a probe that will focus on how first responders handled a fatal crash of a Tesla Model S in Florida this week.Two people died Tuesday evening in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, after a gray 2014 Tesla Model S ran off the road and collided with a concrete wall. The vehicle then caught on fire, engulfing the car in flames, local police said.The NTSB said in a statement Wednesday that the investigation will "primarily focus on emergency response in relation to the electric vehicle battery fire, including fire department activities and towing operations."The driver and front seat passenger were pronounced dead at the scene. A third passenger in the back seat survived and was taken to the hospital, authorities said.Police said the car's speed was likely a factor in the incident. The NTSB did not indicate that it suspects first responders did something wrong. Nor does it indicate that something was wrong with the vehicle.Related: Elon Musk spends million of his own money on Tesla sharesNTSB chairman Robert Sumwalt said in a statement that the "NTSB has a long history of investigating emerging transportation technologies, such as lithium ion battery fires in commercial aviation, as well as a fire involving the lithium ion battery in a Chevrolet Volt.""The goal of these investigations is to understand the impact of these emerging transportation technologies when they are part of a transportation accident," Sumwalt said.Tesla said in a statement that it is "working to establish the facts of the incident and offer our full cooperation to the local authorities.""We have not yet been able to retrieve the logs from the vehicle, but everything we have seen thus far indicates a very high-speed collision and that Autopilot was not engaged," Tesla said.The NTSB also said in its statement Wednesday that it "does not, at this time, anticipate autopilot being a part of this investigation."Several crashes have occurred in the past with Tesla's Autopilot function engaged, including a fatal incident in March.The Autopilot feature is not fully autonomous. It handles some driving functions, but not all, and drivers are expected to stay engaged when the feature is activated. Tesla said after the March incident that the driver was given "several visual and one audible" cue from the vehicle to grab the wheel "earlier in the drive" before the crash.Tesla CEO Elon Musk recently lashed out at reporters who have written articles "that would lead people to believe that autonomy is less safe.""Because people might actually turn it off, and then die," Musk said during an earnings call last month. "So anyway, I'm very upset by this."Tesla has repeatedly referred to a government report from January 2017, which has been widely criticized, that found that Autopilot reduced crash rates for Tesla by 40%. 2889

The investigation into the Uber crash that killed a Phoenix?homeless woman is still in its early stages.  But preliminary reports from Tempe police show the victim, Elaine Herzberg, 49, was jaywalking when the self-driving car hit her on Mill Avenue near Curry Road Sunday night.However, it raises an important question. Who is responsible if there is a law broken by one of these robotic vehicles?Phoenix attorney James Arrowood studies driverless car technology and the law. He also teaches a course on driverless cars to other attorneys in for The State Bar of AZ.He said, unfortunately, this was bound to happen because technology isn't foolproof.  "The good news out of this particular tragedy is we will have more information than we have ever had in an auto accident," Arrowood said. "We'll have sensors and cameras (data)."But when it comes to liability, Arrowood said Governor Doug Ducey's executive order requires driverless cars to follow the same rules of the road as any driver in Arizona, plus more."It specifies that if a company operates an autonomous vehicle, it has to comply with all of the traffic safety laws, in addition to extra parameters for autonomous vehicles," Arrowood said.That means "no driver" does not mean "no fine.""So if one of the (Uber) autonomous vehicles were to be speeding, then Uber would get a ticket for speeding," Arrowood said.Arrowood says where it gets cloudy is the civil liability. Under normal circumstances in a traffic crash, a plaintiff could go after a driver, the carmaker and maybe a company like the tire manufacturer if there was a blowout, for example."You had a limited universe," Arrowood said. "Now with autonomous vehicles, we don't know how deep that universe goes. For instance, could the municipality, could the government have some responsibility for permitting those cars on the road or for not having sensors in place?"Arrowood said although the Tempe crash is a tragedy, the public has to remember the technology isn't perfect or magical, and it's virtually impossible to avoid every collision. The goal is to reduce injuries and death.   2173

The people of El Paso, Texas, are resilient. Living in the middle of the harsh Chihuahuan Desert, the city has no other choice. On average, 15 days every year spike over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. The city gets little relief with annual rainfall of just about 9 inches. It's one of the hottest cities in the country.One of its prime sources of water is the Rio Grande. Typically the river can supply as much as half of the city's water needs. But climate change is making that increasingly difficult and is pushing the city to look for new sources of water. Now, El Paso is on track to become the first large city in the United States to treat its sewage water and send it directly back into its taps.Increasing temperatures will make the dry region even more vulnerable to drought, according to the federal government's most recent national climate assessment. Already challenged with balancing the demands of about 700,000 thirsty El Pasoans along with agriculture and industry needs, El Paso must also face the fact that climate change is literally drying up one of its major sources of water.Analyzing tree ring records, scientists have been able to reconstruct the climate history of the region as far as the late 1500s and have found that as temperatures have risen, the amount of snow melting and feeding the Rio Grande has dropped."We're getting less runoff now than we would have gotten as recently as the '80s or '90s," said J. Phillip King, a professor of civil engineering at the University of New Mexico. King has tracked the river's water levels for the past 27 years as an adviser to the Elephant Butte Irrigation District. The district manages the water distribution of some 90,000 acres of farmland along the Rio Grande Valley in New Mexico and Texas.King told CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta that there is simply less snowmelt coming from northern New Mexico and southern Colorado to feed the river. Since 1958, the amount of early April snowmelt going into the Rio Grande has dropped 25% due to less snowpack and evaporation.What's happening in the Rio Grande is not unique. It's a phenomenon happening throughout the Western United States.King called the Rio Grande a harbinger of what's to come. "You know we've already gotten critically low here, and you can think of the Colorado as a few years away from a similar fate," he said.Drought isn't anything new for the 1,800-mile long river. The Rio Grande has survived severe and sustained droughts, King said. But an increase in temperature is pushing both a warmer and dryer climate. And that means not only potentially less snowfall but a greater chance for water to evaporate.The federal government projects that temperatures could rise an additional 8 degrees Fahrenheit in the region by 2100.The dwindling reserves are apparent at Elephant Butte Reservoir, just outside of Truth or Consequences, New Mexico. The reservoir there sits right on the Rio Grande and forms the largest recreational lake in the state. It holds water for farmers from north of El Paso up to Colorado. It has a capacity of about 2 million acre feet, King said. Currently, it's hovering around 3% to 4% of its full capacity. Buildings that were built as offices during the dam's construction in the early part of the 20th century were previously submerged in the 1980s. Now, they serve as lookout points to a nearly empty basin. 3399

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