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ROME, Sept. 27 (Xinhua) -- The 30th general assembly of the International Council for Science (ICSU) kicked off here on Tuesday to address key global challenges, featuring over 275 scientists and experts from all over the world.The goal of the four-day event, hosted for the first time in Rome by the National Research Center (CNR) as Italy's scientific member at ICSU, is to discuss how science can contribute to boosting sustainable development, fighting climate change, increasing well-being and health in the changing urban environment and tackling the side-effects of progress.At the official opening ceremony, CNR president Francesco Profumo stressed that scientific research was the key to solving all current crises."It's during times of crises that inventions, great strategies and discoveries are made," he said quoting Albert Einstein."Global cooperation is crucial in addressing society's needs. In the wake of the negative economic outlook we are witnessing research and technological transfer can turn into efficient instruments to guide countries towards a solid development giving us the tools to tackle with lucidity the great obstacles we face," observed Profumo.Appealing to both private and public institutions, Profumo thus urged to boost strategic partnerships between universities, governments and research centres."We must create a network of knowledge-sharing together with enterprises in order to multiply and better implement growth and well-being opportunities. But in order to do so concrete political decisions must be undertaken and financial resources are needed," he added.

WASHINGTON, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Salmonella infections have not decreased during the past 15 years and have instead increased by 10 percent in recent years in the United States, according to a report released Tuesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).During the same time period, illnesses from the serious Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 have been cut nearly in half and the overall rates of foodborne infections have been reduced by 23 percent, the new Vital Signs report said.The report summarizes 2010 data from CDC's Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), which serves as America's report card for food safety by tracking whether nine of the most common infections transmitted through foods are increasing or decreasing."Although foodborne infections have decreased by nearly one-fourth in the past 15 years, more than one million people in this country become ill from Salmonella each year, and Salmonella accounts for about half of the hospitalizations and deaths among the nine foodborne illnesses CDC tracks through FoodNet," said CDC Director Thomas Frieden in a statement.In 2010, FoodNet sites, which include about 15 percent of the American population, reported nearly 20,000 illnesses, 4,200 hospitalizations and 68 deaths from nine foodborne infections. Of those, Salmonella caused more than 8,200 infections, nearly 2,300 hospitalizations and 29 deaths (54 percent of the total hospitalizations and 43 percent of the total deaths reported through FoodNet). CDC estimates that there are 29 infections for every lab-confirmed Salmonella infection.Salmonella, which is responsible for an estimated 365 million U.S. dollars in direct medical costs each year in the United States, can be challenging to address because so many different foods like meats, eggs, produce, and even processed foods, can become contaminated with it and finding the source can be challenging because it can be introduced in many different ways.In response to that challenge, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which regulates eggs, produce and many processed foods, has developed new rules for the egg industry to follow under its recently expanded regulatory authorities.The rate of E. coli O157 cases reported by FoodNet was two cases per 100,000 people in 1997 and, by 2010, had decreased to 0.9 cases per 100,000 people. The CDC credits the reduction in E. coli to improved detection and investigation of outbreaks, cleaner slaughter methods, better inspections of ground beef processing plants, and increased awareness by consumers and restaurant employees of the importance of properly cooking beef.

BEIJING, Aug. 10 (Xinhuanet) -- A new technology can tell pregnant women whether they're having a boy or girl as early as seven weeks into a pregnancy -- months earlier than usual, according to media reports Wednesday.The technology works by detecting "cell-free fetal DNA," or DNA from the fetus, which floats freely in a pregnant woman's blood, said author Diana Bianchi of the Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston. Her analysis of 57 studies from peer-reviewed medical journals showed that these blood tests, common in Europe but not in the U.S. can reveal a fetus' sex only a week or two after a pregnant woman misses her period. Women usually learn the fetus' sex through an ultrasound at 18 to 20 weeks.The technology will help families worried by having a child with rare genetic disorders that typically affect only boys, such as hemophilia or a type of muscular dystrophy, said Joseph Biggio, director of the Trimester Genetics Screening Clinic at the University of Alabama-Birmingham.If they're having a girl, however, they can stop worrying, he added, and avoid further invasive tests, which can provide a definitive answer about genetic disorders, but also increase the risk of miscarriage. Women who learn they're carrying boys would still need a definitive test, such as an amniocentesis, to find out if their fetus is affected.

WASHINGTON, July 18 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on Monday commemorated the 90th birthday of astronaut John Glenn, the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the Earth and also the oldest person to fly to space when he launched on the space shuttle in 1998."John Glenn is a legend, and NASA sends him our best wishes on this major personal milestone," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "John's legacy and contributions to the continued progress of human spaceflight are immense. His example is one we continue to emulate as we push toward farther destinations in the solar system."After a distinguished flying career with the Marines in World War II and Korea, Glenn joined NASA in 1959 as one of the country' s first astronauts in Project Mercury. On Feb. 20, 1962, Glenn piloted the Mercury-Atlas 6 "Friendship 7" spacecraft on the first U.S. manned orbital mission. He launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida to successfully complete three orbits of the Earth.Glenn flew to space again on the STS-95 mission in 1998 aboard the space shuttle Discovery. As a mission specialist, Glenn supported deployment of a variety of research payloads and participated in investigations about spaceflight and the aging process.

BEIJING, July 26 (Xinhuanet) -- Some forms of medical research involving animals containing human material should be more tightly regulated, a report warned.The warning was issued on Friday by an expert working group from the Academy of Medical Sciences in Britain.The report suggested the ban of the use of animal cells that can produce human sperm or egg cells. "We don't want scientists to cause problems for the future by overstepping the mark of what is publicly acceptable," said Professor Robin Lovell-Badge, a member of the expert working group.The controversy partly originated from a medical research in Britain. Three years ago, the researchers produced human embryos with the nucleus hollowed cow eggs, according to the Associated Press."This is a complex research area and there should be an ongoing dialogue between scientists, regulators and the wider public to address emerging issues." said Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at the University of Cambridge.

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