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WELLINGTON, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- New Zealand's geothermal scientists will be collaborating with the world's leading geothermal researchers after the country joins an elite international group next month.New Zealand would be admitted to the International Partnership for Geothermal Technology (IPGT) in Melbourne, Australia, on Nov. 16, Science and Innovation Minister Wayne Mapp announced Wednesday."Geothermal energy is one of our most important renewable energy resources with huge potential for growth," said Mapp."This recognition of our geothermal research programs will allow our scientists to collaborate with an elite group of researchers in the United States, Australia, Switzerland and Iceland."Scientists from New Zealand research organizations were committed to finding new ways to harness the country's extensive geothermal fields, said Mapp."Innovation and clean energy is a big part of enabling New Zealand to grow the economy," said Mapp."This new international partnership will help keep us at the forefront of technology developments such as enhanced geothermal systems."Established in 2008, the IPGT seeks to develop advanced, cost- effective geothermal energy technologies through international research co-operation.New Zealand's geothermal electricity generation rose by 21 percent last year and accounted for 13 percent of total electricity generation, its highest recorded level.The government is aiming to expand geothermal energy with three large geothermal projects in the pipeline by 2020.The country's biggest geothermal project is to be Contact Energy's 250-megawatt Tauhara II geothermal project.The project, being developed northeast of the central North Island town of Taupo, is expected to produce enough electricity to meet the needs of around 270,000 homes when it becomes fully operational in 2015.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Using its near-infrared vision to peer nine billion years back in time, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered an extraordinary population of young dwarf galaxies brimming with star formation, the U.S. space agency announced on Thursday.While dwarf galaxies represent the most common type of galaxy in the universe, the rapid star-birth observed in these newly- found examples may force astronomers to reassess their understanding of the ways in which galaxies form.The galaxies are a hundred times less massive, on average, than the Milky Way, yet they churn out stars at such a furious pace that their stellar content would double in just 10 million years. By comparison, the Milky Way would take a thousand times longer to double its star population.The universe is estimated to be 13.7 billion years old, and these newly-discovered galaxies are extreme even for the young universe -- when most galaxies were forming stars at higher rates than they are today. Astronomers using Hubble's instruments could spot the galaxies because the radiation from young, hot stars has caused the oxygen in the gas surrounding them to light up like a bright neon sign."The galaxies have been there all along, but up until recently astronomers have been able only to survey tiny patches of sky at the sensitivities necessary to detect them," said Arjen van der Wel of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany, lead author of a paper on the results to be published online on Nov. 14 in The Astrophysical Journal. "We weren't looking specifically for these galaxies, but they stood out because of their unusual colors. "The observations were part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS), an ambitious three- year study to analyze the most distant galaxies in the universe. CANDELS is the first census of dwarf galaxies at such an early epoch."In addition to the images, Hubble has captured spectra that show us the oxygen in a handful of galaxies and confirmed their extreme star-forming nature," said co-author Amber Straughn at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "Spectra are like fingerprints. They tell us the galaxies' chemical composition."The CANDELS team uncovered the 69 young dwarf galaxies in near- infrared images taken with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys.The observations suggest that the newly-discovered galaxies were very common nine billion years ago. However, it is a mystery why the newly-found dwarf galaxies were making batches of stars at such a high rate.

BEIJING, Dec. 2 (Xinhua) -- China cannot use its 3.2 trillion U.S. dollars in foreign exchange reserves to rescue other countries, a senior diplomat said on Friday."The argument that China should rescue Europe does not stand, as reserves are not managed that way," Vice Foreign Minister Fu Ying said at the Lanting forum, a gathering of Chinese officials, scholars and social groups held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to discuss international issues and foreign policy."China is not absent from international efforts to rescue Europe; it has been a positive and healthy participant," Fu said.Since the outbreak of the European financial crisis, China has dispatched more than 30 procurement delegations to Europe, helping to boost imports from the continent, Fu said.Fu added that there are many misunderstandings about the use of China's foreign reserves. "Foreign reserves are not domestic income or money that can be disposed of by the premier or finance minister," she said."Foreign reserves are akin to savings, and their liquidity should be ensured," Fu said."Foreign reserves are not revenue and cannot be relocated randomly. Under this circumstance, China should take the prospect of yields into consideration if it invests its foreign reserves," said Tian Dewen, an analyst at the Institute of European Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.However, the outlook for the economic situation in the eurozone is currently uncertain, Tian said.Fu said China learned a lesson about the importance of foreign reserves during the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. ' "Reserves cannot be used domestically to alleviate poverty or taken abroad for development support," she said.She said that the way in which foreign reserves are managed should be in line with the principles of "safety, liquidity and proper profitability.""China's purchases of European bonds, International Monetary Fund bonds and U.S. bonds are also based on those principles," Fu said.Fu also said that China has no intention to gain profit by leveraging financial instruments."China will make efforts to overcome the crisis with Europe and the international community in the future," Fu said."As for the current turbulence in European markets, an authoritative voice is necessary in restoring market confidence. However, voices are diversified in Europe due to its political framework," said Chen Xin, an analyst at the Institute of European Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.Fu also reviewed achievements made in trade and investment cooperation between the two sides."It is normal for Europe to strengthen its economic cooperation with China in the process of conquering its difficulties, although it is not proper to add negative political implications," Fu said.She urged Europe not to politicize China's foreign investments."Successful investment should be reciprocal. We hope our economic activities are not interpreted from a political prospective and are not imbued with political interests. We should follow market economy principles," Fu saidFu also took time to single out media reports about the crisis that she believes have been overtly political."Many European countries have shown their understanding and support for us, but there have also been some negative reports," Fu said."We should treat each other with a moderate and impartial mentality. That will make bilateral relations easier to handle," Fu said.She cited an investment bid by a Chinese company in Iceland that was turned down by the country's government.Zhongkun, a private Chinese real estate company founded in 1995, planned to buy 300 square km of land in Iceland to build a high-end resort with a total investment of 200 million U.S. dollars.However, Iceland's Interior Ministry rejected the bid, citing the size of the area of land involved and the fact that there is no precedent in Iceland for foreign countries to purchase large tracts of land.

BEIJING, Dec. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- China started to run its own satellite positioning system, Beidou, on Tuesday as the country climbed the global tech ladder and challenged the monopoly of the West. Beidou, or Big Dipper, the domestic version of the US Global Positioning System (GPS), started providing navigation, positioning and timing data on a pilot basis to China and the neighboring area for free on Tuesday, Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation Office, said. The system, with 10 orbiting satellites, covers an area from Australia in the south to Russia in the north. Signals can reach the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east, Ran said. With six more satellites to be launched next year, the system will cover a wider area and eventually the entire globe by 2020 with a constellation of 35 satellites, he said. The accuracy of the positioning service will also improve as more satellites orbit. During the trial run Beidou can offer positioning to within 25 meters but when the system is officially launched next year accuracy will be enhanced to within 10 meters, he said. With the system operational China is the third member of an elite group, along with the US and Russia, to develop a satellite navigation system. The US spent 20 years and more than billion on the GPS. Completed in 1994, the system has 24 navigation satellites and is widely used around the world. Beidou has its own unique features, Ran said. "It not only tells users where they are and what time it is but also allows users to tell others the information through short messages," Ran said, adding that this feature is being considered by other systems. Russia's Glonass system achieved a 24-satellite constellation in 1996 but succumbed to funding problems. The rebuilding of the Glonass system is almost finished and Russian media reported that the system resumed service earlier this month. The European Union and the European Space Agency are building the Galileo satellite navigation system. Japan and India also intend to build independent regional navigation systems. "Countries build their own systems because owning an independent satellite navigation system is important to economic development and national security," said Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the monthly publication Space International. There have long been concerns that the US might take its dominant GPS offline in certain international emergencies. Ran said that the Beidou system will be "helpful" to national defense. An "independent and controllable" satellite navigation system can guarantee national economic development as well as scientific and industrial strength, he said. China started to reduce its reliance on the GPS in 2000, when it sent an experimental pair of positioning satellites into orbit. But Ran stressed that Beidou is "built for the world", as the compatibility of various systems enhances reliability for users. "If you only use GPS there will be blind spots. But from demonstrations I saw recently, receivers that are compatible with Beidou will overcome these problems," he said. He encouraged enterprises at home and abroad to join the research and development of application terminals compatible with Beidou. The office put a test version of the system's Interface Control Document online on Tuesday, which is a technical document vital for the manufacturing and development of receivers and chips. The prospects for the country's satellite navigation industry look bright, experts said. Analysts estimated that around 2020 the industry's output will reach 0 billion globally, including 400 billion yuan ( billion) to 500 billion yuan from China. According to the 2011 Report on Application of Geosaptial Information in China released on Monday, the number of satellite navigation application terminals in China has grown from less than 100,000 in 2000 to more than 10 million in 2009. The number is expected to reach 340 million by 2015. An insider said a compatible receiver for car use costs 1,600 yuan to 3,000 yuan, higher than a GPS receiver. "Chips supporting both GPS and Beidou systems have been developed, and terminals have been produced. There are no technical hurdles for the industry," said Han Shaowei, CEO of Beijing-based Unicore Communications Inc, a major navigation chip and core component provider. Beidou application terminals have been put into use in vehicles, such as government cars in Guangdong province. Ran said that private terminal makers in Guangdong are testing their receivers on the road, and the products seem stable. "The price of the compatible terminals is expected to be slashed next year," he said.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- NASA plans to add an unmanned flight test of the Orion spacecraft in early 2014 to its contract with Lockheed Martin Space Systems for the multipurpose crew vehicle's design, development, test and evaluation, the U.S. space agency announced Tuesday.This test supports the new Space Launch System (SLS) that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before, and provide the cornerstone for America's future human spaceflight efforts."President Obama and Congress have laid out an ambitious space exploration plan, and NASA is moving out quickly to implement it," NASA Associate Administrator for Communications David Weaver said in a statement. "This flight test will provide invaluable data to support the deep space exploration missions this nation is embarking upon."Orion is part of the now defunct Constellation program canceled under President Barack Obama's 2011 budget proposal. Instead Obama urged NASA to work toward sending humans to an asteroid and then on to Mars -- and NASA says it wants to go ahead with that as quickly as possible.This Exploration Flight Test, or EFT-1, will fly two orbits to a high-apogee, with a high-energy re-entry through Earth's atmosphere. Orion will make a water landing and be recovered using operations planned for future human exploration missions. The test mission will be launched from Cape Canaveral to acquire critical re-entry flight performance data and demonstrate early integration capabilities that benefit the Orion, SLS."The entry part of the test will produce data needed to develop a spacecraft capable of surviving speeds greater than 20,000 mph and safely return astronauts from beyond Earth orbit," Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations William Gerstenmaier said. "This test is very important to the detailed design process in terms of the data we expect to receive."

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