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Florida Gov. Rick Scott signed Senate Bill 7026 into law Friday, the first gun control legislation enacted in the state after the Parkland school massacre on February 14.The new law, known as the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act, tightens gun control in several ways but also allows some teachers to be armed."The hardest thing I've ever had to do as governor is try to console a parent who has lost a child," said Scott, surrounded by families of the victims. Scott received the bill Thursday following days of impassioned, often contentious debate in the majority-Republican House and Senate.  631

For 22 years, Derick Waller protected and served in New York City as a member of the New York City Police Department. He joined the NYPD in 1995, starting out as a street cop, but he eventually became a detective.“I absolutely loved being a police officer,” said Waller. “I loved helping with their problems, and I was fortunate to work in the communities of color, which I thought I could serve best.”While Waller enjoyed the comradery with other officers, serving in his hometown communities and helping people in need, there were things about the job he didn’t love and didn’t agree with.“The police department is basically a business, like you work at Macy’s you have to sell. Once you become a police officer, you have to bring in bodies,” said Waller.Bodies, he explained, is a term many officers use to describe when an officer makes an arrest and brings someone in to be booked and processed.“Let’s say you have the company commander of your precinct, he basically gets promoted based on how many arrests he gets,” Waller added.On the surface, that may not seem concerning, but what Waller witnessed was some officers over-policing, especially in communities of color, for the purpose of promotions, higher pay, or because of pressure to fill unofficial quotas.“There are so many amazing officers that just want to do right, but with that pressure on them, how can they?” asked Waller.Toward the end of Waller’s career, he began speaking up about arrest and citation quotas. He made his concerns public on what they were doing to officers’ mentality and the community.He believes what happened to him is a prime example of why so many officers around the country are concerned to speak up when they see another officer potentially doing something wrong or the department implementing questionable policing practices.“A lot of officers want to speak out, but they are so afraid of the retaliation that the police department is going to come after them,” said Waller.After Waller spoke out, he went from being named Officer of the Month to being written up and ridiculed.“I would come back after my days off my locker would be flipped over; they put a big rat poster on your desk, all kinds of stuff,” Waller recalled.Breaking through, the often referred to “blue wall of silence” made the last few years of his career tough, but he left the job still hopeful that improvements with policing could come.“There are many officers who love the job and there are good officers, more than not,” said Waller. “Right now, the definition of a good officer is the one who brings in those arrests. If we can change the definition, then maybe we can change the mentality of the police department.”Waller’s definition of a good officer is one who is respected but not feared in their community. 2796

Feeding America, a network of 200 food banks across the United States, expressed concern on Wednesday on pending legislation that could strip food stamps from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program away from nearly 3 million Americans. House Resolution No. 2 is up for consideration by the House of Representatives, which would add employment stipulations to some food stamp recipients, and their families. Feeding America's primary concern is that the nation's food banks will not be able to handle increased demand if the legislation becomes law. "Feeding America's nationwide network of member food banks will not be able to make up for the lost meals," Feeding America said in a statement. "We urge lawmakers in the House to reconsider their approach and amend their legislation before sending it to the Senate to ensure that the final legislation does not take food off the table for families who need it."According to a Congressional Budget Office projection, the federal government would reduce spending on direct benefits by .2 billion from 2019 to 2028. But the CBO claims it would cost the federal government in additional .7 billion in administrative costs to enforce the employment requirement. Overall, the federal government would be projected to save .5 billion over the 10-year period if the employment requirement is enacted. The CBO said that beginning in 2021, food stamp recipients between the ages of 18 and 59 who are neither disabled nor caring for a child under the age of 6 would need to either work or participate in a training program for 20 hours each week; that requirement would increase to 25 hours each week in 2026.The push to add work requirements to those receiving government assistance got a boost last month when President Donald Trump signed an executive order, which was intended to reduce poverty. "As part of our pledge to increase opportunities for those in need, the Federal Government must first enforce work requirements that are required by law," the executive order, signed by Trump on April 10, reads. "It must also strengthen requirements that promote obtaining and maintaining employment in order to move people to independence."Spending on food stamps is part of a larger "Farm Bill" legislation. The total cost for the Farm Bill is 7 billion from 2019 to 2028. The farm bill includes spending on rural development, farm subsidies, crop insurance, in addition to food stamps.  According to USDA figures, 41.2 million people lived in food-insecure households. Nearly 40 million people received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits, as of February 2018. The 3 million who would stand to lose access to food stamps represent 6.5 percent of recipients. "The harsh cuts to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program included in the House Farm Bill would hurt Americans facing hunger across the country and reverse decades of progress in addressing food insecurity across the United States," Feeding America added in a statement. 3111

For those would-be investors wanting to jump into the stock market but wondering which stock to buy, legendary investor Warren Buffett has a suggestion: Try buying 500 stocks instead.“In my view, for most people, the best thing to do is own the S&P 500 index fund,” Buffett said at Berkshire Hathaway’s annual meeting in May. But what is the S&P 500, and how do you invest in one of its funds?Here’s an intro to how S&P 500 funds work, and whether one might be a good fit for your portfolio.What is the S&P 500?The S&P 500, or S&P, is a stock market index comprising shares of 500 large, industry-leading U.S. companies. It is widely followed and often considered a proxy for the overall health of the U.S. stock market.Standard & Poor’s, an American investment information service, created the index in 1957. Every quarter, its investment committee meets to review which stocks belong in the index based on each company’s market size, liquidity and group representation. Today, 505 stocks constitute the index, since some of the 500 companies have more than one class of shares.Contrary to popular belief, the stocks forming the index are not the 500 biggest U.S. companies, but they are arguably the 500 most important companies. Over .2 trillion is invested through the index, with these 505 stocks representing about 80% of the total U.S. stock market’s value.The S&P 500 is a cap-weighted index, meaning each stock within the index is weighted according to its market capitalization, or total market value (number of outstanding shares multiplied by current market price). The larger the company, the greater its influence on the index.As of Aug. 31, 2020, these are the top 10 companies by index weight in the S&P 500:Apple.Microsoft.Amazon.Facebook.Alphabet, Google’s parent company (shares in classes A and C).Berkshire Hathaway.Johnson & Johnson.Visa.Procter & Gamble.How do you invest in the S&P 500?An index is a measure of its underlying stocks’ performance, so you cannot directly invest in the index itself. Buying every company’s shares would be an arduous task (think 505 separate transactions), but thankfully there are index funds and exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, that replicate the index, effectively doing that work for you.While all S&P 500 funds track the holdings of this index, an investor must consider whether using an index fund (a passively managed mutual fund) or an ETF makes the most sense for them. The good news when weighing index funds versus ETFs is that there are solid S&P 500 options in each category, and all of these products leverage the diversity of the index itself.Because the S&P 500 is weighted by each company’s market capitalization, the larger companies in the index can sometimes have an outsize impact on the performance of the larger index. In other words, a big dip in price for Apple shares can create a dip in the index as a whole. Because of this, some investors prefer to purchase the S&P 500 in an equal-weighted format, so that each company has the same impact on the index. This is meant to create an index that is more representative of the overall U.S. market.After deciding your preference for an index fund or ETF, cap-weighted or equal-weighted, you can begin narrowing down which S&P 500 fund to purchase. To minimize your costs, look into each fund’s expense ratio — the percentage of your assets you’ll pay in fees each year — to see how they compare.Fees are important here since all of these funds track the same index, which means their returns should be roughly the same. The lower the fee, the more of that return you keep.Should you invest in the S&P 500?There are a number of things to think about before you choose any investment. But an S&P fund can generally be a good choice if you want to add broad exposure to the U.S. stock market to your portfolio.“The S&P 500 is a key part of a diversified investing strategy because it’s a good bet that the U.S. economy will continue to succeed and grow in the long term,” says Tony Molina, senior product manager at Wealthfront. The U.S. has the largest economy and stock market in the world, and is one of the most resilient and active, especially when it comes to innovation. That’s why it’s a no-brainer to include the S&P 500 as part of your portfolio.”Larger companies are generally more stable to invest in because they are well-established and widely followed. Thus, these stocks usually have less risk and lower volatility. The S&P 500 combines large companies across various industries, so investors access a broad, diversified mix of companies when investing in it.Choosing an index fund or ETF can also help investors avoid — or at least minimize — the behavioral pitfalls from stock-picking, which is a losing strategy, says Dejan Ilijevski, president of Sabela Capital Markets.Ilijevski cites the May 2018 study by professor Hendrik Bessembinder at Arizona State University, which examined investments in publicly traded U.S. stocks between 1926 and 2016 and found that just over 4% of the companies accounted for the total wealth created.“Picking those few individual winners is impossible,” Ilijevski says. “Your best bet is to own as much of the market with a fund that tracks the index.”Using index funds and ETFs can help investors generate strong returns while also minimizing their costs, says Kevin Koehler, chartered financial analyst and director of the investment strategy group at Miracle Mile Advisors in Los Angeles.“Investing in the S&P 500 the past 25 years would have given an investor over a 10% annualized return, proving that an investor does not need to be paying high expenses to get good market returns,” Koehler says.Are there drawbacks to investing in the S&P 500?There are caveats to consider. The S&P 500 consists of only large-cap U.S. stocks. Portfolio diversification encompasses buying mid- and small-cap companies along with large-caps; allocating funds to international companies along with domestic ones; and including bonds, cash and potentially other asset classes with stocks.Koehler also notes drawbacks in the S&P 500 related to its market-cap weighting.“As passive investing increases, investors are continually investing in S&P 500 funds, which has contributed to a ‘rich get richer’ problem, where the largest stocks are getting larger due to S&P 500 investing, rather than individual stock investing,” Koehler says. “This can lead to higher volatility, as active managers sell an individual stock on top of index funds selling a portion. The market could continuously be overvalued compared to its underlying value.”But relative to the downsides of many investment types, the flaws of S&P 500 funds seem relatively minor, especially when used as a part of your overall portfolio and held for the longer term. This helps explain why icons like Buffett have so publicly endorsed them.“I happen to believe that Berkshire is about as solid as any single investment can be, in terms of earning reasonable returns over time,” said Buffett at the May meeting, speaking about the investing company he’s turned into an empire. “But, I would not want to bet my life on whether we beat the S&P 500 over the next 10 years.”More From NerdWallet4 Ways Women Can Invest in Other WomenHow the Pros Ride Market Volatility — and Why You Shouldn’tIf Doing Less Means Saving More, Try These 5 Money MovesTiffany Lam-Balfour is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: tlambalfour@nerdwallet.com. 7573

Former California Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger took another jab at President Donald Trump on Thursday, following news that the administration plans to revoke a signature Obama-era environmental regulation."For 48 years -- since one of my heroes, then-Gov. Ronald Reagan, requested it -- California has had a waiver from the federal government to clean our own air," Schwarzenegger tweeted Thursday. "If the President thinks he can win this fight, he's out of his mind."The Trump administration wants to freeze a rule mandating that automakers work to make cars substantially more fuel efficient. It called its plan a "50-state fuel economy and tailpipe carbon dioxide emissions standard for passenger cars and light trucks."The administration also proposed a withdrawal of California's Clean Air Act pre-emption waiver. California and about a dozen states follow its rules account for about a third of all the passenger vehicles sold in the United States.In his tweet, Schwarzenegger described the proposal as a "stupid, fake-conservative policy announcement that no one asked for."California has, for decades, had a waiver allowing it to set its own emissions standards because the state had distinct air quality issues. In 2007, a federal court allowed California to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, in particular carbon dioxide.This is not the first time Schwarzenegger has taken jabs at the President.In a video uploaded to Facebook by media company ATTN: in June, Schwarzenegger references his popular "Terminator" movie role to mock what described as efforts to "save an industry that is poisoning the environment.""So President Trump, I know you really want to be an action hero, right?" Schwarzenegger says, while looking at a Trump bobblehead. "So take it from the Terminator, you're only supposed to go back in time to protect future generations. But your administration attempts to go back in time to rescue the coal industry, which is actually a threat to future generations."He also compared Trump's attempt to "rescue the coal industry" to rescuing other relics from America's past, like Beanie Babies, beepers and Blockbuster.He has also spoken out against Trump's "zero-tolerance" policy for illegal border crossings, which has led to children being separated from their parents."As an immigrant, I know the magnetic power of America's greatness," Schwarzenegger tweeted on June 19. "As a former border Governor, I know the importance of securing our border and fixing our absurdly broken immigration system. As an American, I know that kids shouldn't be pawns while the 'adults' figure it out."He has also advocated for Ohio Republican Gov. John Kasich making a second run for the Oval Office.In an interview with CNN in March, Schwarzenegger said the GOP is "dying at the box office" by not having more inclusive messages and policies. 2887

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