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BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang Thursday urged the country's labor department to find employment for people this year.     China is facing a daunting task to secure jobs for its workforce after more than 20 million migrant workers lost their jobs in the global financial crisis. To compound the problem, more than seven million college graduates will be looking for jobs this year.     "We must ensure a stable employment situation this year, as employment is related to people's livelihood and the harmony and stability of the society," Zhang said at a working conference of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.     The country's urban unemployment rate increase 0.2 percentage points to 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, even though migrant workers are not included in that number.     Zhang asked the ministry to adopt more active policies to find employment for people.     Tax burdens of firms could be reduced, and preferential policies for social security coverage could be employed to help firms survive the crisis and keep jobs, Zhang said.     More subsidies should be offered to organize vocational training in order to get people reemployed, and training should be made more relevant to different jobs, he added.     The Vice Premier also said the government should step up building a social insurance system that covers both urban and rural residents, and continue to raise pensions for retired workers.     China created new jobs for 11.13 million people last year, 11 percent more than the target of 10 million.     The country also found jobs for five million laid-off workers and for 1.43 million who had difficulty in finding a job. The combined 6.43 million was again higher than the original target of five million.

BEIJING, April 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese cities saw the fastest economic growth among all cities internationally, in 2008, but their overall competitiveness was still only at medium or low levels globally, according to a report released here Tuesday.     The report, entitled the Blue Book of Urban Competitiveness, was released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). It showed that ten of the 15 fastest-growing cities worldwide in 2008 were in China.     The ten cities are Baotou and Hohhot in the northern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Yantai, Weifang and Weihai in eastern Shandong Province, Dongguan, Zhongshan and Huizhou in southern Guangdong Province, and Wuhu and Hefei in eastern Anhui Province.     However, Chinese cities ranked at only medium or low levels among world cities in terms of overall competitiveness, the report said.     The ten most competitive cities in China, according to the report, are Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Taipei, Guangzhou, Qingdao, Tianjin, Suzhou and Kaohsiung. But Hong Kong only ranked the 26th among world cities, Shanghai the 41th, and the others still lower.     Ni Pengfei, a CASS scholar who led the research, said 294 large and medium-sized China cities were rated, including those in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.     The overall competitiveness of a city is based on its advantages in human resources, capital, science and technology, infrastructure, environment, governance and so on.     The report was compiled by nearly 100 scholars from Chinese universities, statistics departments, and research institutes.

BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- A new entry in government-issued press cards, to be added later this month, might help many Chinese reporters persuade tight-lipped officials to talk.     The entry will say: "The governments at all levels should facilitate the reporting of journalists who hold this card and provide necessary assistance."     "Without a proper reason, government officials must not refuse to be interviewed," said Zhu Weifeng, a senior official with the General Administration of Press and Publication.     Many considered this a positive signal that the authorities welcomed supervision from the media.     The new press card statement followed a regulation on the disclosure of government information, effective last May, which was the first government rule safeguarding citizens' right to be informed.     "Media and public supervision are among the arrangements the country is making to control the power of the state and protect civil rights," said Li Yunlong, a human rights expert at the Institute for International Strategies of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).     "How to prevent state power from infringing on civil rights is a very important issue in human rights protection," Li said.     This week, the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva conducted its first review of China's human rights record, and it acknowledged the country's efforts in human rights protection.     The country took a long and winding road to acceptance of the concept of "civil rights" but was headed in the right direction, Li said. "I have seen a trend toward increasing supervision of the authorities and more restrictions on their power."     Mo Jihong, a research follow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, saw the same trend in legislation. "The changes in the Constitution were obvious," said Mo.     China's first three Constitutions, issued respectively in 1954,in 1975 and 1978, all had a chapter on the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. But none of those versions defined "citizen," which affected the implementation of these items, he said.     The current Constitution, adopted in 1982, closed this loophole and put the chapter on citizens' rights before that of the structure of the state, he said.     "It showed the country acknowledged that the state derived its legitimacy through protecting citizens' rights, rather than by giving rights to citizens."     In 2004, an amendment to the Constitution added an article stating that the state respects and preserves human rights.     "Through the amendments, the Constitution gave more responsibility to state organs to protect civil rights," Mo said.     The country has also adopted laws to restrict the exercise of state power. In 1990, the law on litigation against the administration provided the first way for the common people to sue government departments.     Further, the law on legislation, adopted in 2000, included an article stating that only laws can limit personal freedom. This had the effect of barring any authority, except the legislature, from issuing regulations or rules to limit personal freedom.     "But the implementation of laws remained a problem," Mo said. "The authorities who enforce the laws should be carefully watched."     Li noted that China's unique culture played a role. Traditionally, Chinese seldom talk about "rights" but instead stress the concept of people's obedience to the society.     "Civil right is a concept borrowed from the West. That's why it will take time to make everyone aware of it, especially those holding power," he said.     "But we should not give up because we don't have such a tradition," he said. "China does not need to make itself a Western nation but can explore its own way based on its own culture and reality," he said.     Last year, in the wake of an increasing number of protests nationwide, the government launched a campaign requiring officials to talk with citizens and consider their requests regularly. The move proved to be an effective way to ease public anger and reduce misunderstanding.     A trial program to invite independent inspectors to detention houses in northeast Jilin Province also received acclaim as an innovation in this field.     The two-year program ended late last year. The 20 independent inspectors, who were teachers, doctors, businessmen and community workers, examined conditions in these detention houses and examined their records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     "The concept of 'putting people first' raised by the present CPC leadership can be regarded as an effort to respect and protect civil rights," Li said.

NEW YORK, March 1 (Xinhua) -- Leaders of some Chinese-American communities and a Chinese-language newspaper on Sunday lauded Premier Wen Jiabao's online chat with netizens in Beijing a day earlier.    Wen's online chat with netizens shows that the top leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is paying ever closer attention to public opinion, said Steven Wong, acting chairman of the United Federation of Chinese Associations. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao holds an online chat with netizens jointly hosted by the central government website and Xinhua website in Beijing, China, Feb. 28, 2009. Premier Wen rushed to the affected areas immediately after the snow disaster in China's south and the devastating earthquake in the southwest last year to comfort survivors, winning him widespread respect, Wong said.     On the eve of the opening of the annual sessions of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Wen held direct dialogue with netizens to solicit opinions and suggestions from the public, which is not only a boost to public morale, but is also conducive to solving problems in society at large, he said.     Liu Jianmin, chairman of the Greater Los Angeles Area Federation of Promoting China's Unification, said Wen's online chat with Chinese netizens is all the more meaningful as it was held on the eve of the annual meetings of the national legislature and the top advisory body.     Through direct dialogue with vast numbers of netizens, the Chinese leaders could have a deeper understanding of what the ordinary people have in their minds. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao(L) holds an online chat with netizens jointly hosted by the central government website and the Xinhua News Agency website in Beijing, China, Feb. 28, 2009The World Journal, the widest-circulation Chinese-language newspaper in North America, carried the online chat as the headline news on its Chinese Mainland edition.     The report drew attention to the remarks of Premier Wen who emphasized the importance of confidence to fighting the spreading global financial crisis, pledged continued efforts to improve health care and stressed that training and preferential tax measures were needed to encourage rural migrant workers to start their own businesses.

BEIJING, Feb. 9 (Xinhua) -- China will establish a ministry-level joint meeting on the management and supervision of loan guarantee services, according to a circular from the general office of the State Council (cabinet) Monday.     The joint meeting will formulate policies to promote the development of loan guarantee services, set up a management and supervision system for such services and direct local governments to undertake supervision and risk management.     The government ordered local governments to take measures in line with local conditions to ease financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises, the circular said.     Many borrowers in China use the services of guarantors, who charge fees for their participation.     The meeting will make regulations that cover how loan guarantors are established, how much they can lend and how they will be supervised. The regulations should be submitted to the State Council for approval.     The joint meeting is being organized by the China Banking Regulatory Commission, with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the People's Bank of China (central bank),the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council.

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