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The 2016 election was psychologically traumatic for some, according to a new study published in the Journal of American College Health. It found that 1 out of 4 students surveyed experienced clinically significant event-related distress short term.Researchers from San Francisco State University, University of California, San Francisco and Arizona State University assessed a diverse group of nearly 800 undergraduates at Arizona State two to three months after the election.A key battleground, Arizona got a lot of political attention. Ultimately, Trump won Arizona by a narrow margin, earning 48.7% of the vote.The survey students filled out asked questions to determine the emotional effect of the event the election. It asked about the impact the election had on close relationships and assessed clinical symptoms of distress and subclinical impacts, meaning emotions that don't present definitive, more readily observable symptoms.Symptoms included "avoidance," a clinical term used to describe how someone deliberately stays away from whatever is causing them trauma, and "intrusion," a clinical term meaning the inability to keep memories of the source of their trauma from returning. The researchers also looked to see if demographics made a difference.Most of those surveyed, 65%, said the election had no impact on their close relationships. About 24% reported a slight or very negative impact and a little more than 10% reported a positive impact.If the election did have a negative emotional impact, avoidance was more common than intrusion among these students. One-fourth of participants showed clinically significant avoidance and intrusion symptoms in response to the election. Women, Democrats, people who did not identify as Christian and sexual minorities reported significantly more event-related distress, the study found.The students surveyed came from diverse backgrounds and held a mix of political opinions. Of the group, 18.5% reported that they were satisfied with the result of the election, 25% said they were somewhat satisfied, 19.2% said they were somewhat dissatisfied, and 37.2% said they were completely dissatisfied. Thirty-nine percent also reported that they were "considerably or extremely" upset by the election, 28.5% were not at all upset, the rest fell somewhere between.The study had limitations. The survey did not look at conditions long term. It couldn't rule out other stressors. It only looked at this one election and did not evaluate how students reacted in other years.Other studies looking at the 2016 election have found similar results. A study released in June that surveyed nearly 300 students two days before the 2016 election, on election night, and two days after, found that students who were concerned about Trump's ability to govern and those who were a part of the "non-dominant social group," including women and people of color, showed increased signs of stress before and during election night. Biological tests showed some signs of increased stress after the election, although there was a general recovery in mood, according to self-reported results.Lindsay Till Hoyt, who co-authored that study and is not connected with the current work, found this latest research interesting. She was not surprised that students felt increased stress."I think so much of the social media and news about the election really felt personal and aimed at specific groups like Mexican Americans and women," Hoyt, an?assistant professor of psychology at Fordham University,?said.For example, she cites Trump's justification for building a wall between Mexico and the US, saying in a debate "we have some bad hombres here and we're going to get them out." Or when a 2005 "Access Hollywood" tape was released in which Trump talked about how his celebrity status allowed him to behave aggressively with women, saying he could "grab them by the (expletive)" and that he would sometimes "just start kissing them.""Comments like those could hit very close to home, as opposed to arguments about abstract concepts like foreign policy and economic policy, students might not be as well versed in those topics," Hoyt said. "Because there was literal name-calling going on in the election cycle, even with students less politically engaged, that strong language and the harsher crassness of the rhetoric may have had a more broad effect on these students."In another study she and a graduate student are working on, they've noticed that both sides, conservatives and liberals, say they have felt discriminated against during the election, and preliminary results show it has caused them stress that interrupted their sleep."It's not just along ethnic and racial discrimination lines," Hoyt said "Conservatives also feel discrimination is affecting their sleep, it crosses both sides of the political aisle."Another 2018 study looking at how 700 teachers navigated the days after the election with K-12 students, and researchers found stories of such distress. One surveyed teacher remarked "for millions of people, this is real trauma."Beth Sondel,?who co-authored that study of teachers, finds this latest research on college students useful."Many of these young kids that the teachers were talking about in our study weren't privy to the policy being presented in the election, but the rhetoric was so strong it was impacting them," said Sondel, a research assistant professor in the department of instruction and learning at the University of Pittsburgh School of Education.Teachers reported they saw an immediate heightened fear of deportation among students. One teacher reported one of her seventh graders asked her if "Trump can come with a bus and get me?" Another teacher in Nebraska said a high school student who was expecting a baby asked if the teacher would take care of the baby if he was deported. Another teacher reported consoling a second-grade student who told her through tears that she was worried that when she'd get home from school her parents wouldn't be there."In general, I think our results are similar, in that we are finding that even these younger students are internalizing this rhetoric and it is causing stress and trauma," Sondel said. "I think the personal has become really political in this election."The authors hope this latest study will help mental health professionals better counsel college students have. Knowing that an election can cause distress, professionals should ask about it to better target treatment, they said. 6606

The "box office" is now open for George Balanchine's The Nutcracker?, streaming on @MarqueeArtsTV Dec 11 - Jan 3. Get your ticket to our quintessential holiday ballet today: https://t.co/quqc3HQl1y pic.twitter.com/Byg7YdTmTK— nycballet (@nycballet) November 27, 2020 274

Sunday night's episode of "The Simpsons" took on the controversy over a character, and not everyone thought the response was funny.Comedian Hari Kondabolu's documentary "The Problem with Apu" debuted last November and looked at the show's character Apu Nahasapeemapetilon as a negative, stereotypical representation of South Asians.Nahasapeemapetilon is an Indian-American character who operates the Kwik-E-Mart convenience store in the fictional town of Springfield. The character is voiced by actor Hank Azaria, who is not South Asian.In his doc, Kondabolu interviewed several big name celebrities of South Asian descent, including Aziz Ansari and Kal Penn, to discuss how characterizations like Apu can be viewed as a form of racism.On Sunday night's episode of "The Simpsons," mother Marge Simpson is seen reading a book to her daughter Lisa in which she refers to the heroine as a "cisgender girl" and tries to modernize the action.Lisa notes that the character as such is "already evolved" and "doesn't really have an emotional journey to complete," so as such there's "no point" to the book.Marge asks, "Well what am I supposed to do?" and Lisa's response was clearly meant to be one to the Apu controversy."It's hard to say. Something that started decades ago and was applauded and inoffensive is now politically incorrect. What can you do?" Lisa says before looking at a framed photograph of Apu on her nightstand which is inscribed with the message "Don't have a cow."The scene stirred some emotions on social media, with one person calling it a "completely toothless response."Kondabolu tweeted that he found the response to be "sad.""In 'The Problem with Apu,' I used Apu & The Simpsons as an entry point into a larger conversation about the representation of marginalized groups & why this is important," he also tweeted. "The Simpsons response tonight is not a jab at me, but at what many of us consider progress."CNN's W. Kamau Bell tweeted "The Simpsons, 1989 - 2018 #RIP.""I think the fact that they put this "argument" in the mouth of Lisa's character, the character who usually champions the underdogs and is supposed to be the most thoughtful and liberal, is what makes this the most ridiculous (as in worthy of ridicule) and toothless response," Bell tweeted.But some found it much Apu about nothing, pointing out that "The Simpsons" make fun of everyone.In 2015, Azaria talked about voicing Apu as part of the Emmy TV Legends series.He said he understood some of the criticism given that 25 years ago when "The Simpsons" premiered Apu "was the only Indian character in pop culture really.""Now ... if you are a young Indian-American person you have a lot of role models to choose from," Azaria said. "So Apu can just be one funny one."  2779

The 2020 election will be by far the most expensive campaign ever run, according to the election finance organization Center for Responsible Politics. The organization said this week that this year’s federal election will cost billion, nearly double from the amount spent last year.Spending on the presidential election alone is projected to be .6 billion, with over billion being spent in House and Senate races.Open Secrets says Joe Biden is set to become the first presidential candidate to ever raise billion, and that figure does not include money spent by PACs.Fueling the cost of this year’s election, billionaires Tom Steyer and Michael Bloomberg pumped .4 billion into the primary race. All told, Democrats have spent nearly billion so far, which is about billion more than Republicans.A plurality of the fundraising, some 41%, comes from large donors. Small-level donors make up 22% of campaign contributions.“Donors poured record amounts of money into the 2018 midterms, and 2020 appears to be a continuation of that trend — but magnified,” said Sheila Krumholz, executive director of the Center for Responsive Politics. “Ten years ago, a billion-dollar presidential candidate would have been difficult to imagine. This cycle, we’re likely to see two.”While individual donations are capped, funds to PACs are not. The highest-contributing individuals in this year’s election are Sheldon Adelson and his wife Miriam who have spent 3 billion. The Adelson’s sent million to pro-Trump super PAC Preserve America.Democrats have benefited from Bloomberg’s generosity. The former presidential candidate has spent 7 million on Democrats, including million to help Biden win the states of Texas and Ohio.The Center for Responsible Politics operates the campaign finance website opensecrets.org. To review their data, click here. 1872

Students at a school in N.W. Baltimore got quite the treat, and the internet can't get enough of it.Last week during a Black Heritage Program at Gwynns Falls Elementary principal Nikomar Mosley performed a vibrant step routine for his student body. Mosley is a member of historical black fraternity Omega Psi Phi, which traditionally performs step routines as part of the black Greek culture. 420

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