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BEIJING, March 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Cigarette displays in shops will be banned and tobacco companies may also be forced to make their products in plain wrappers in an attempt to stop people from smoking, announced the UK government Thursday.The prominent displays and attractive packaging of tobacco have long provided shopkeepers with stable income, keeping addicts hooked and quitters tempted.However, the government's move that will begin as early as spring next year will keep cigarettes hidden away and make it just a tad more difficult for smokers to find their fix."Nearly all adult smokers started smoking before they turned 18 and every year, over 300,000 children under 16 try smoking," said Chief Medical Officer Sally Davies."Smoking is undeniably one of the biggest and most stubborn challenges in public health. Over eight million people in England still smoke and it causes more than 80,000 deaths each year," Health Secretary Andrew Lansley said in his statement on the new law.Now, this move has drawn predictable responses from both sides of the tobacco wars, with health groups cheering and retailers grumbling.The British Medical Association said it was "very pleased" with the announcement, citing research which it said showed that a display ban would play "a key role in discouraging children from smoking and also help smokers quit."On the other hand, industry groups and independent retailers complained it would burden them with the cost of refitting their stores and reduce their already narrow profit margins.And according to media interviews, many people kept skeptical about the real impact the move would have, especially on young smokers.

SHANGHAI, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- Three Carrefour stores were fined 500,000 yuan (75,988 U.S. dollars) each on Saturday for overcharging customers in east China's metropolitan Shanghai, said municipal price regulators.The fine is the highest for such wrongdoing, with the tickets being issued Saturday morning.The three stores were also ordered to correct their illegal pricing and refund overcharged customers, said the regulators.A hearing will be held to decide the final amount of the fine. Carrefour representatives will be able to respond to the charges at the hearing, according to regulators.China's price regulator announced last week that it had found several retailers cheating customers, which included 11 of Carrefour's China stores.Carrefour China promised customers Saturday that it would provide refunds of five times the difference between advertised prices and incorrect prices charged at registers, after it was blacklisted by Chinese authorities due to deceptive pricing.Chen Bo, spokesperson with Carrefour China, apologized to Chinese customers during an exclusive interview with Xinhua.Chen said the company has started to work on this pricing issue.Carrefour China has established both short-term and long-term measures to resolve the issue, Chen added."We will have our special control group conduct internal price inspections, with wide coverage and high frequency," Chen said.Chen said the refund policy would be permanently implemented at Carrefour's 182 outlets in China, with non-implementation of the policy being regarded as a violation of company rules.The National Development and Reform Commission, China's top economic planner, also urged authorities to step up price checks ahead of the Spring Festival, which falls on Feb. 3 this year.The Spring Festival holiday is usually the busiest shopping season, as the public makes large purchases of food and gifts for families and friends.

LOS ANGELES, May 1 (Xinhua) -- Middle-aged adults who sleep too less or too much may be more likely to suffer cognitive decline, a new study suggests.According to the study, less than six hours of sleep each night is considered too little and more than eight hours as too much for middle-aged adults.The study, conducted by researchers at University College London Medical School, was published May 1 in the American medical journal Sleep.The researchers conducted the study in two periods -- the 1997- 1999 period and the 2003-2004 period. The participants were asked how many hours they slept on an average week night, and were asked the same question in 2003-2004 after an average 5.4 years of follow-up.The researchers compared those who reported changes in their sleep patterns with people whose sleep duration stayed the same over the course of the study.In the follow-up, each individual was given a battery of standard tests to assess his or her memory, reasoning, vocabulary, global cognitive status and verbal fluency.The study findings show that women who slept seven hours per night had the highest score for every cognitive measure, followed by those who had six hours of sleep. For men, cognitive function was similar for those who reported sleeping six, seven or eight hours.However, less than six hours of sleep -- or more than eight hours -- were associated with lower scores."Sleep provides the body with its daily need for physiological restitution and recovery," explained Jane Ferrie, a senior research fellow in the department of epidemiology and public health at the school. "While seven hours a night appears to be optimal for the majority of human beings, many people can function perfectly well on regular sleep of less or more hours."However, since most research has focused on the effects of sleep deprivation on biological systems, it is not yet fully understood why seven hours is optimal -- or why long sleeping appears to be detrimental, Ferrie said."Chronic short sleep produces hormones and chemicals in the body which increase the risk of developing heart disease and strokes, and other conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes and obesity," she added.

LOS ANGELES, April 2 (Xinhua) -- People taking antidepressants may be more likely to develop thicker arteries which may raise the risk of heart disease and stroke, a new study suggests.Depression can heighten the risk for heart disease, but the effect of antidepressant use is separate and independent from depression itself, according to the study make public by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Saturday.The data suggest that antidepressants may combine with depression for a negative effect on blood vessels, said study first author Amit Shah, MD, a cardiology fellow at Emory University School of Medicine.Study findings will be presented on April 5 at the American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans, according to the AAAS.The study included 513 middle-aged male twins who both served in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War. Twins are genetically the same but may be different when it comes to other risk factors such as diet, smoking and exercise, so studying them is a good way to distill out the effects of genetics.Researchers measured carotid intima-media thickness - the thickness of the lining of the main arteries in the neck -- by ultrasound. Among the 59 pairs of twins where only one brother took antidepressants, the one taking the drugs tended to have higher carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), even when standard heart disease risk factors were taken into account.The effect was seen both in twins with or without a previous heart attack or stroke. A higher level of depressive symptoms was associated with higher IMT only in those taking antidepressants."One of the strongest and best-studied factors that thickens someone's arteries is age, and that happens at around 10 microns per year," Shah said. "In our study, users of antidepressants see an average 40 micron increase in IMT, so their carotid arteries are in effect four years older."Antidepressants' effects on blood vessels may come from changes in serotonin, a chemical that helps some brain cells communicate but also functions outside the brain, Shah said."I think we have to keep an open mind about the effects of antidepressants on neurochemicals like serotonin in places outside the brain, such as the vasculature. The body often compensates over time for drugs' immediate effects," Shah said. " Antidepressants have a clinical benefit that has been established, so nobody taking these medications should stop based only on these results. This isn 't the kind of study where we can know cause and effect, let alone mechanism, and we need to see whether this holds up in other population groups."

WASHINGTON, May 4 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Wednesday that its Gravity Probe B (GP-B) mission has confirmed two key predictions derived from Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which the spacecraft was designed to test.The experiment, launched in 2004, used four ultra-precise gyroscopes to measure the hypothesized geodetic effect, the warping of space and time around a gravitational body, and frame- dragging, the amount a spinning object pulls space and time with it as it rotates.GP-B determined both effects with unprecedented precision by pointing at a single star, IM Pegasi, while in a polar orbit around Earth. If gravity did not affect space and time, GP-B's gyroscopes would point in the same direction forever while in orbit. But in confirmation of Einstein's theories, the gyroscopes experienced measurable, minute changes in the direction of their spin, while Earth's gravity pulled at them.The findings are available online in the journal Physical Review Letters."Imagine the Earth as if it were immersed in honey. As the planet rotates, the honey around it would swirl, and it's the same with space and time," said Francis Everitt, GP-B principal investigator at Stanford University. "GP-B confirmed two of the most profound predictions of Einstein's universe, having far- reaching implications across astrophysics research."GP-B is one of the longest running projects in NASA history, with agency involvement starting in the fall of 1963 with initial funding to develop a relativity gyroscope experiment. Subsequent decades of development led to groundbreaking technologies to control environmental disturbances on spacecraft, such as aerodynamic drag, magnetic fields and thermal variations. The mission's star tracker and gyroscopes were the most precise ever designed and produced.GP-B completed its data collection operations and was decommissioned in December 2010."The mission results will have a long-term impact on the work of theoretical physicists," said Bill Danchi, senior astrophysicist and program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Every future challenge to Einstein's theories of general relativity will have to seek more precise measurements than the remarkable work GP-B accomplished."