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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

SHIJIAZHUANG, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese archaeologists said Sunday that they have found evidence of the cultivation of glutinous millet in the northern province of Hebei that could date back to 10,000 years, the earliest evidence of people growing the crop in the world.Lab results showed that remains of glutinous millet found at archaeological sites in Cishan Village in the city of Wu'an were harvested during the Neolithic Era between 8,700 to 10,000 years ago, scientists with the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of China Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS) said at a cultural festival held in Wu'an on Sunday.This means Cishan was the birthplace of the crop, archaeologists said.They have also found remains of foxtail millet in the pits, which could date back to between 8,700 and 7,500 years. This would be the earliest evidence of the crop's cultivation, which means that Cishan was the birthplace of foxtail millet, too, said Lu Houyuan, an IGGCAS scientist.Cultivating small-seeded dry crops was more prevalent than cultivating rice in prehistoric times, especially in China's semi-arid northern regions, Lu said.A total of 50,000 kilograms of grains have been stored in 88 pits for thousands of years at the Cishan Site, a Neolithic site discovered in 1972.In addition to grain remnants, pottery, stone tools, animal bones and bone artifacts have also been excavated from the site, which archaeologists believe will help their research in the emergence of agriculture in China.

BEIJING, Jan. 19 (Xinhua) -- China's major textile companies are expected to witness an annual increase of 8 percent in their value-added output over the next four years, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said Thursday.The ministry published a plan regarding supporting the development of the textile industry during the country's 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-2015), according to which the sector's exports will reach 300 billion U.S. dollars by 2015 with an annual growth of 7.5 percent.The industry is also expected to employ 20 million people by 2015 and its energy consumption per unit of value-added output will drop by 20 percent from 2010, the guideline said.The country will encourage the textile industry to enhance brand-building and aims to build 5-10 textile companies of global influence and 50 companies with an annual revenue of more than 10 billion yuan by 2015.The guideline warned of potential risks for the sector, including volatile changes in raw material prices, rising production costs and a complicated international trade environment.The guideline said the industry should develop new products and explore new markets to ensure a healthy development during the coming period.

BEIJING, Oct. 14 (Xinhuanet) -- Materialism could be harmful to marriage, according to a new study published in the American Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy Thursday.The researchers collected online "relationship assessment" questionnaires from 1,734 U.S. married couples.The questionnaire covered the topics about the couples' marital satisfaction, conflict patterns, marital communication, and marriage stability, and so on.Non-materialistic couples were about 10 to 15 percent better than those materialistics in their marital satisfaction, marriage stability and conflict levels, according to the study."What we found was a general pattern that materialism seems to be harmful to marriage," said study researcher Jason Carroll, a professor of family life at Brigham Young University.It didn't matter whether the materialistic spouse was the man or the woman, he added.However, materialism is not simply black-or-white: some couples can pursue their fortune and keep their relationship strong at the same time, the researcher suggested.But breaking their materialistic thought would be helpful for most couples, Carroll concluded.

ting fuel and benefits to agriculture from extended growing seasons."Global mitigation leading to a low climate change future reduces costs to Canada in the long term. This reinforces the argument that Canada would benefit environmentally and economically from a post 2012 international climate arrangement that systematically reduced emissions from all emitters - including Canada - over time," the report says.It recommends cooperation between governments, scientists and businesses to find ways to mitigate climate change and adapt to it.Canada's Minister of the Environment Peter Kent said the government has a plan to deal with global warming issues, which will be announced next month."Our government has a plan, a very good plan, to meet our target of reducing greenhouse gases by 17 percent from 2005 base levels, by 2020," Kent told Canada's House of Commons Thursday afternoon."We are moving forward to reduce greenhouse gases and, at the same time, we are investing in programs to help Canadians adapt to climate change," Kent said."Today's report merely echoes what our government has long recognized; that is, the importance of adaptation to climate change," he added.Earlier this week, several hundred people protested the government's policy of exploiting the oil sands deposits in western Canada.Environmentalists have criticized the Canadian government for not working hard enough to reduce CO2 emissions. Last year, a coalition of global warming activists gave Canada the "Fossil of the Year" award for failing to implement the Copenhagen Accord.