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WASHINGTON, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Those childhood music lessons could pay off decades later -- even for those who no longer play an instrument -- by keeping the mind sharper as people age, according to a preliminary study published by the American Psychological Association (APA).The study recruited 70 healthy adults age 60 to 83 who were divided into groups based on their levels of musical experience. The musicians performed better on several cognitive tests than individuals who had never studied an instrument or learned how to read music, according to the research findings published Wednesday online in the APA journal Neuropsychology."Musical activity throughout life may serve as a challenging cognitive exercise, making your brain fitter and more capable of accommodating the challenges of aging," said lead researcher Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Kansas Medical Center. "Since studying an instrument requires years of practice and learning, it may create alternate connections in the brain that could compensate for cognitive declines as we get older."The three groups of study participants included individuals with no musical training; with one to nine years of musical study; or with at least 10 years of musical training. All of the participants had similar levels of education and fitness and didn' t show any evidence of Alzheimer's disease.All of the musicians were amateurs who began playing an instrument at about 10 years of age. More than half played the piano while approximately a quarter had studied woodwind instruments such as the flute or clarinet. Smaller numbers performed with stringed instruments, percussion or brass instruments.The high-level musicians who had studied the longest performed the best on the cognitive tests, followed by the low-level musicians and non-musicians, revealing a trend relating to years of musical practice. The high-level musicians had statistically significant higher scores than the non-musicians on cognitive tests relating to visuospatial memory, naming objects and cognitive flexibility, or the brain's ability to adapt to new information.The brain functions measured by the tests typically decline as the body ages and more dramatically deteriorate in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The results "suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the lifespan on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age," the study stated.Half of the high-level musicians still played an instrument at the time of the study, but they didn't perform better on the cognitive tests than the other advanced musicians who had stopped playing years earlier. This suggests that the duration of musical study was more important than whether musicians continued playing at an advanced age, Hanna-Pladdy says."Based on previous research and our study results, we believe that both the years of musical participation and the age of acquisition are critical," Hanna-Pladdy says. "There are crucial periods in brain plasticity that enhance learning, which may make it easier to learn a musical instrument before a certain age and thus may have a larger impact on brain development."The preliminary study was correlational, meaning that the higher cognitive performance of the musicians couldn't be conclusively linked to their years of musical study. More research is needed to explore that possible link.

BEIJING, May 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Autism spectrum disorder may be under diagnosed and under reported worldwide and rigorous screening is needed for accurate estimates, said researchers in Monday's American Journal of Psychiatry.Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center, George Washington University and other leading institutions screened every child aged 7 to 12 in Ilsan district of the city of Goyang, a community of 488,590 in South Korea, and found more than two-thirds of ASD cases in the mainstream school population unrecognized and untreated.They estimated the prevalence of ASD in South Korea to be 2.64 percent, or approximately 1 in 38 children.The figure is more than twice the rate usually reported in the developed world. Even that rate, about 1 percent, has been climbing rapidly in recent years — from 0.6 percent in the United States in 2007, for example.“From the get-go we had the feeling that we would find a higher prevalence than other studies because we were looking at an understudied population: children in regular schools,” said the lead researcher, Dr. Young-Shin Kim, a child psychiatrist and epidemiologist at the Yale Child Study Center.By contrast, other research groups measure autism prevalence by examining and verifying records of existing cases kept by health care and special education agencies, but leaving out many children whose parents and schools have never sought a diagnosis.Kim said the researchers concluded autism prevalence estimates worldwide may increase if rigorous screening and comprehensive population studies are used to produce prevalence estimates.But it is suggested the findings did not mean that the actual numbers of children with autism were rising, simply that the study was more comprehensive than previous ones.

BEIJING, Feb. 5 (Xinhua) - Beijing has seen the arrival of 660,000 tourists during the first three days of the Spring Festival holiday, from Feb. 2 to 4, said Beijing Municipal Bureau of Tourism officials late Friday.The tourism data was collected at the city' s 22 scenic spots.On February 4, official statistics showed that 40,000 tourists swarmed into the Palace Museum, repeating the number from last year' s national holiday, while about 14,500 ski-lovers enjoyed their time at 14 ski resorts in Beijing on the same day.Not only scenic spots, tourists also gravitated to some cultural venues in Beijing.The Beijing-based National Art Museum of China holds an exhibition on "donated masterpieces over the past 50 years (since its completion in 1952)" from Jan. 27 to Feb. 26 and spectators can visit, free of charge, during the Spring Festival holiday (between Feb. 3 and 9).On February 5, visitors queued up in a 200-meter long line waiting for check-in to the museum around 10 a.m.Wang Xiumei, 86, decided to visit the museum with her daughter ten days before."My husband and I were crazy about traditional Chinese paintings decades ago, I have to see some masterpieces today, rather than hearing about them later." Wang said.Hundreds of the nation' s art works are displayed in a dozen halls in the five-storey exhibition area, including oil paintings, ink paintings, wood block prints, shadow puppets, paper cuttings, clay sculptures and embroideries."I changed my mind and got off the bus on my way to a temple fair. My children and I want to see some elegant art works, as opposed to eating and playing during Spring Festival as before," said another citizen named Lu Hongmao.Big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou opened their sports venues to the public during the Spring Festival holiday.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 25 (Xinhua) -- Oracle Corp. on Monday announced that its co-president Safra Catz is taking the additional position as the software giant's chief financial officer (CFO), following the resignation of its current CFO Jeff Epstein.Epstein was named Oracle's CFO in September 2008, and had reported directly to Catz. Oracle didn't give details about Epstein's departure.Catz joined Oracle in April 1999 and has been its president since January 2004. She previously served as the company's CFO from November 2005 to September 2008."Safra already has the long-standing confidence of our employees, our Board and our shareholders," Oracle's chief executive officer Larry Ellison said in a statement, adding that " there is no more logical choice for CFO.""The CFO function has reported to Safra for a number of years and she's acted as Oracle's CFO in the past. She has the full support of the Board," noted Jeff Henley, chairman of Oracle's board of directors.

WASHINGTON, April 4 (Xinhua) -- New research from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has revealed an increased incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), such as heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death, in patients with severe psoriasis. The study results were reported Monday at the annual American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans.Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease, and if severe, has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the degree to which psoriasis is associated with MACE has not been defined.In a cohort study analyzing data from a general practice research database, Lead author Nehal Mehta, director of Inflammatory Risk in Penn's Preventive Cardiology program, and colleagues reviewed the case histories of over 3,600 patients with severe psoriasis and 14,300 controls. They found that patients with severe psoriasis have a 53 percent increased incidence of MACE compared to the general population. They also found that having a diagnosed case of severe psoriasis confers an additional ten-year risk of six percent on MACE.Previous work from Mehta and colleagues found that the risk of death from cardiovascular disease increased by 57 percent in patients with severe psoriasis. In addition, the relative risk of death from cardiovascular disease was even higher in younger patients, who were as young as age 40.The researchers conclude that this new estimate of increased ten-year MACE may warrant more aggressive strategies for treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis.

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