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LOS ANGELES (AP) — The western Joshua tree needs protection under the California Endangered Species Act because of threats from climate change and habitat destruction, the Center for Biological Diversity said in a petition Tuesday to the state's Fish and Game Commission.The petition comes amid rising concern about the future of the crazy-limbed trees with spikey leaves that have come to symbolize the Mojave Desert and draw throngs to Joshua Tree National Park."The state has to step up for these trees," center conservation director Brendan Cummings said in a statement.The petition asks that western Joshua trees be given "threatened" status under the act.The request states that the trees meet the definition of a plant that "is likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future in the absence of the special protection and management efforts."Researchers have found that Joshua trees are dying off due to hotter and drier conditions, and fewer young trees are surviving, according to the center, a nonprofit conservation organization based in Tucson, Arizona.The trees are migrating to higher elevations where there are cooler and more moist conditions, but they face destruction by fire due to invasive, non-native grasses in those locations.Joshua trees also face challenges due to urban sprawl in the desert as well degradation of habitat for energy projects, powerlines, pipelines and off-road-vehicle use.The western Joshua tree's habitat includes Joshua Tree National Park and stretches to the west along the north slopes of the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountain ranges into the Antelope Valley, northward along the eastern flank of the southern Sierra Nevada and eastward toward the edge of Death Valley National Park and into Nevada.The eastern Joshua tree — a distinctly different plant — lives in the Mojave National Preserve and eastward into Nevada, Arizona and Utah.The Center for Biological Diversity said that under the California Endangered Species Act, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife has three months to make a recommendation to the Fish and Game Commission, which would then vote on the petition next year. 2171

LOS ANGELES (AP) — Katy Perry, her collaborators and her record label must pay more than .78 million because the pop star's 2013 hit "Dark Horse" copied a 2009 Christian rap song, a federal jury decided Thursday.It was an underdog victory for rapper Marcus Gray, a relatively obscure artist once known as Flame, whose 5-year-old lawsuit survived constant court challenges and a trial against top-flight attorneys for Perry and the five other music-industry heavyweights who wrote her song.The amount fell well short of the nearly million sought by attorneys for Gray and the two co-writers of "Joyful Noise" — Emanuel Lambert and Chike Ojukwu — but they said they were pleased."We weren't here seeking to punish anyone," said Gray's attorney, Michael A. Kahn. "Our clients came here seeking justice, and they feel they received justice from a jury of their peers."Perry herself was hit for just over 0,000, with Capitol Records responsible for the biggest part of the award — .2 million. Defense attorneys had argued for an overall award of about 0,000.Perry's attorney, Christine Lepera, said they plan to vigorously fight the decision."The writers of Dark Horse consider this a travesty of justice," Lepera said."Dark Horse," which combines elements of pop, hip-hop and trap styles, was a mega-hit for the Santa Barbara, California-born singer, with its call-and-response chorus of "Are you ready for (ready for), a perfect storm (perfect storm)?"It spent four weeks at No. 1 on Billboard's Hot 100 in early 2014, and Perry would later perform it at the Super Bowl.Gray, a native of St. Louis, sued later in 2014. His song of earnest and ebullient praise stood in stark contrast to the playful black magic evoked by "Dark Horse," and an early version of the lawsuit faulted Perry's song for tainting the sanctity of his.The two-week trial had two phases: One about music, one about money.Perry took the witness stand on the first day of testimony. She testified, as her co-writers would, that she had never heard of Gray or Flame or "Joyful Noise" until he sued.She got a rare laugh from the courtroom when her attorneys were struggling with technical issues as they tried to play a part of "Dark Horse.""I could perform it for you live," said Perry, who did not appear in court for the rest of the trial.The jury heard testimony from musicologists on the disputed section of the two songs — a piece of the musical backing track that plays during the verses of "Dark Horse" and throughout almost all of "Joyful Noise."While jurors were told to consider only those sections, they gave a surprisingly sweeping verdict Monday that held all six songwriters responsible for copying "Joyful Noise." That included Perry, who wrote only lyrics, her co-lyricist Sarah Hudson, and Juicy J, who only provided a rap verse for the song.The instrumental track that was most at issue was created by Dr. Luke, Max Martin and Circuit.During closing arguments earlier Thursday, Gray's attorneys said that because the relevant riff plays through 45 percent of "Dark Horse," the plaintiffs should get 45 percent of its earnings, including every album that included it. They put those overall earnings at million, thus seeking nearly million.The defense argued that only fractions of the album earnings should count for the single song and that considerable promotional expenses paid by Capitol Records should be subtracted.Gray's attorneys said those expenses were gratuitous, pointing out to jurors that they included ,000 for a hairstylist for Perry for one awards show and nearly ,000 for flashing cocktail ice cubes.The nine jurors deliberated for two full days to reach their initial verdict but took just a few hours to decide on dollar amounts.Perry's five co-writers were each given penalties to pay that ranged from about ,000 for Dr. Luke to more than 0,000 for Martin.The jurors decided that the instrumental riff the two sides were fighting over was responsible for 22.5 percent of the success of "Dark Horse" and handed out the awards accordingly.The defendants' fight against the decision will begin immediately. U.S. District Judge Christina A. Snyder, who presided over the trial, will now consider a motion to throw out the case.Lepera, Perry's attorney, said outside court that the plaintiffs presented no evidence of copyright infringement, no evidence that the songwriters had access to "Joyful Noise" and no evidence the songs that were substantially similar."The only matter in common is an unprotectable C and a B note, repeated," Lepera said. "We've been receiving outcry from people all over the world, including other musicologists."If the judge upholds the verdict, the case will almost certainly head to an appeals court, where jury awards in similar cases have often been changed or thrown out in recent years.In the case of another 2013 mega-hit, "Blurred Lines," a jury found singers Robin Thicke and Pharrell Williams copied R&B legend Marvin Gaye's "Got to Give it Up" and ordered them to pay Gaye's children nearly .4 million. The award was trimmed on appeal last year to just short of million.Kahn said he would be happy to keep up the battle."We think this is a fair and a just result, and we will defend it no matter how they fight it," he said. 5314

LOS ANGELES (AP) — The Los Angeles mayor says National Guard troops will be deployed overnight as violence continues in the nation's second-largest city. Mayor Eric Garcetti said Saturday evening he asked Gov. Gavin Newsom for 500 to 700 members of the Guard. The mayor imposed a curfew on the city after crowds torched police cars and burglarized stores. Everyone was ordered to be off the streets until 5:30 a.m. Sunday. Clashes between protesters and lines of police officers came after an initially peaceful gathering. More than 500 people were arrested during clashes downtown Friday night. The new violence is centered about 6 miles to the west. 660

LOS ANGELES (CNS) -- Craft breweries in Orange and San Diego are among beer makers suing Gov. Gavin Newsom, alleging constitutional violations because of a requirement that they serve meals to visitors in order to operate tasting rooms -- a coronavirus-related restriction not imposed on the state's winemakers, according to court papers obtained Friday.In the suit filed late Thursday in Los Angeles federal court, the California Craft Brewers Association contends that requiring beer manufacturers to serve food as a perquisite to keeping tasting rooms open, but exempting similarly situated wineries, is "arbitrary, irrational and unconstitutional."San Diego brewery Second Chance and the Orange-based breweries Green Cheek and Chapman Crafted Beer are among local manufacturers to have been "irreparably harmed by the state's actions in response to COVID-19, including most significantly by the sit-down, dine-in meal requirement," the lawsuit maintains.A Newsom representative could not immediately be reached for comment. The suit also names as a defendant Sandra Shewry, who has been serving as the state Department of Public Health's acting director until the newly chosen director can be confirmed by the Senate.The suit alleges that the public health mandate "was not supported by scientific data, or an explanation of how the provision of meals achieves the goal of slowing the spread of the virus," according to the CCBA, which represents the state's over 1,050 craft breweries.The brewers' rights group contends that the mandate violates the beer manufacturers' constitutional rights to equal protection and due process. 1641

LONDON (AP) — Royal Dutch Shell says it is planning to cut between 7,000 and 9,000 jobs worldwide by the end of 2022 following a collapse in demand for oil and a subsequent slide in oil prices during the coronavirus pandemic.The oil giant said Wednesday that around 1,500 employees have already agreed to take voluntary redundancy this year and that it is looking at a raft of other areas where it can cut costs, such as travel, its use of contractors and virtual working.Overall, it said it expects the cost-cutting measures to secure annual cost savings of between billion and .5 billion by 2022.CEO Ben van Beurden said in an interview posted on the Shell website that the jobs cuts will reduce the amount of people between the company’s leadership and its lower level employees.“None of this changes our values as a company, and we will do what we have to do with honesty, integrity and respect for people,” wrote the CEO. “We will be as fast as we can and we will show care for all those who lose their roles or who are negatively affected.”Once the reorganization is complete, the CEO says he believes many more people will be positively affected – working in a quicker, more customer-focused organization and enabled to take the decisions that make a difference. 1282

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