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WASHINGTON, July 20 (Xinhua) -- The loss of a protein that coats sperm may explain a significant proportion of infertility in men worldwide, according to a study by an international team of researchers led by University of California Davis.A paper describing the work was published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine. The research could open up new ways to screen and treat couples for infertility.The gene DEFB126 encodes a protein called Beta Defensin 126, which coats the surface of sperm and helps it penetrate cervical mucus in the female. A survey of samples from the U.S., Britain and China showed that as many as a quarter of men worldwide carry two copies of the defective gene.In the new study, researchers found that men with a muted DEFB126 lack Beta Defensin 126, making it much more difficult for sperm to swim through the mucus and eventually join with an egg.Examining 500 newly married Chinese couples, researchers found that the lack of Beta Defensin 126 in men with the DEFB126 mutation lowered fertility (even among men that did not display other deficiencies usually associated with infertility, like inadequate semen volume and low sperm motility). Wives of men with the Beta Defensin 126 variant were significantly less likely to become pregnant than were other couples, and 30 percent less likely to have a birth.This genetic variation in DEFB126 likely accounts for many unexplained cases of infertility, researchers say. They hope next to work with a major infertility program in the U.S. to further explore the role of the mutation.

GUANGZHOU, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- China conducted a scientific survey of the southwest basin of the South China Sea around the end of July, the China Geological Survey (CGS) said on Tuesday.The expedition acquired a "high-quality integrative geographic profile" of the basin's 1,000-km-long survey line, which stretches from the region's Xisha Islands to the Nansha Islands, according to a press release from the CGS.The expedition allows scientists to study the evolution of tectonic activity in the South China Sea and predict disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, the CGS said.The survey is also of significance for countries around the South China Sea, as they will be able to use the data to enhance their ability to prevent and reduce the effects of disasters, it said.The survey lasted from June 13 to July 31 and was carried out by the Chinese research vessel Tanbao in collaboration with a French research unit. Recent typhoons prevented the researchers from surveying part of the region, therefore some data is yet to be supplied later, the CGS said.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 31 (Xinhua) -- Astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory discovered the first pair of supermassive black holes in a spiral galaxy similar to the Milky Way, NASA announced Wednesday.Approximately 160 million light years from Earth, the pair is the nearest known such phenomenon.The black holes are located near the center of the spiral galaxy NGC 3393. Separated by only 490 light years, the black holes are likely the remnant of a merger of two galaxies of unequal mass a billion or more years ago.Both of the supermassive black holes are heavily obscured by dust and gas, which makes them difficult to observe in optical light. Because X-rays are more energetic, they can penetrate this obscuring material. Chandra's X-ray spectra show clear signatures of a pair of supermassive black holes."If this galaxy weren't so close, we'd have no chance of separating the two black holes the way we have," said Pepi Fabbiano of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, who led the study that appeared Wednesday in on-line issue of the journal Nature. "Since this galaxy was right under our noses by cosmic standards, it makes us wonder how many of these black hole pairs we've been missing."Previous observations in X-rays and at other wavelengths indicated that a single supermassive black hole existed in the center of NGC 3393. However, a long look by Chandra allowed the researchers to detect and separate the dual black holes. Both black holes are actively growing and emitting X-rays as gas falls towards them and becomes hotter.When two equal-sized spiral galaxies merge, astronomers think it should result in the formation of a black hole pair and a galaxy with a disrupted appearance and intense star formation. A well-known example is the pair of supermassive black holes in NGC 6240, which is located about 330 million light years from Earth.However, NGC 3393 is a well-organized spiral galaxy, and its central bulge is dominated by old stars. These are unusual properties for a galaxy containing a pair of black holes.

BEIJING, Aug. 27 (Xinhua) -- Heavy rain battered several east China provinces Saturday, destroying homes and farmlands, while drought persisted in some of the country's arid central and southwestern regions.On Friday and Saturday, five counties in Anhui Province were hit by downpour, the provincial meteorological bureau said.It said 23 towns reported over 200 mm of rainfall in the 24 hours from 8 a.m. Friday to 8 a.m. Saturday. In some villages of Huaiyuan County, the precipitation topped 300 mm, about one third of the annual average volume.In Fengtai County alone, 2,048 people were stranded by rain-triggered flood. As of 9 p.m. Saturday, about 800 of them were still waiting for evacuation.Incomplete statistics provided by the provincial government said 280 houses toppled in the rain disaster and another 580 homes were damaged. About 54,800 hectares of cropland was drowned by rain and flood.The direct economic loss was estimated at 240 million yuan (37.6 million U.S. dollars), the provincial government said Saturday night.The provincial weather bureau forecast heavy rain will continue in most parts of Anhui in the coming three days.Heavy rain also wreaked havoc in seven cities and counties of the eastern Shandong Province, causing 230 million yuan of direct economic losses.Torrential rain that lasted more than 24 hours from Friday to Saturday afternoon forced evacuation of nearly 2,000 people in parts of Zaozhuang, Liaocheng and Linyi cities, the provincial civil affairs department said.It said nearly 500 homes toppled and more than 800 others were damaged.China Meteorological Administration has forecast heavy rain in the coming three days in Anhui, Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangxi provinces and parts of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the coming two to three days.Little rain has been predicted, however, for the drought-hit provinces in central and southwestern China, the administration said on its website.While the predicted rainfall for Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Hunan and Guangxi averages only 2 to 8 mm in four days from Aug. 28 to 31, it said the high temperature in these areas will still hover over 35 degrees Celsius.Affected by the approaching Typhoon Nanmadol, the coastal areas of Guangdong Province will experience high tides Sunday, but the scorching weather will stay next week, the provincial weather bureau said.The high temperature in most parts of the province has topped 35 degrees Celsius.

BEIJING, Sept. 6 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists from Tufts University of the U.S. have created the world's smallest electrical motor in a single molecule.The finding was published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology on Monday.In the research, scientist successfully made a single molecule accept an electrical charge and rotate as fast as 120 revolutions per second."This is the first time that electrically-driven molecular motors have been demonstrated, despite a few theoretical proposals," said Charles H. Sykes, professor of chemistry at Tufts who led the team.The single molecule electric motor could lead to new types of electrical circuitry, giving hope for scientists to apply it in medicine and engineering, he said."The next thing to do is to couple it to other molecules, lining them up next to one another so they're like miniature cog-wheels, and then watch the rotation propagation down the chain," said Sykes.