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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Even though Americans could start getting vaccinated in days, experts say people who get the shot will still need to wear masks and practice social distancing until scientists can answer a key question: whether immunized people can continue to spread COVID-19.The clinical trials by Pfizer and Moderna showed the two vaccines were about 95 percent effective, but what that really means is they were 95 percent effective at preventing COVID-19 symptoms.The trials did not measure whether vaccinated volunteers got infected without showing symptoms.That means “it is possible and conceivable” that immunized individuals could still be silent spreaders, said Dr. Christian Ramers of Family Health Centers of San Diego. “You’re not going to get sick, but you still get an asymptomatic case, pass it on to your grandmother and kill her.”Both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are injected into the arm muscle to stimulate production of antibodies. From there, the antibodies can quickly get to the lungs to fend off severe infection. But experts say the antibodies may have less access to the nose and throat, the primary entry points for the virus.Some studies have suggested that people without symptoms can still have high enough levels of coronavirus in their nose to infect other people.“The vaccine is doing something to prevent disease. We don't really know yet if it prevents transmission,” said Dr. Ramers. “So we have to fall back on all those fundamental things like distancing, masking and washing hands.”Still, experts say there are encouraging clues that vaccinated people may be less contagious. A study in October found antibody levels in the blood were similar to levels in saliva.AstraZeneca had volunteers in its trial test themselves for signs of infection and reported there were fewer asymptomatic cases. However, the company has not yet provided details and its vaccine relies on different technology than Pfizer and Moderna’s mRNA candidates.Until we know more, doctors say vaccinated people will have to keep wearing masks -- potentially until there we achieve herd immunity.“There is modeling to suggest that it will be summer until we reach the point where there are enough people vaccinated that this curve of new cases really starts to go down,” Ramers said.There’s a chance we could get good news before then. Both Pfizer and Moderna say they’ll start testing their volunteers’ blood to reveal if they got infected after vaccination.Pfizer plans to examine a subset of its volunteers. Moderna said it will analyze blood from everyone in the trial.Moderna said it will take several weeks to produce results. 2656

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Doctors at UC San Diego are beginning to understand the long-term impacts that COVID-19 has on the brain."I think that people should be just as afraid now as they should have been at the start of the epidemic," says Dr. Navaz Karanjia, the Director of Neuro-Critical care at UC San Diego.Dr. Karanjia says she sees COVID patients in the ICU with brain-related issues ranging from hemorrhages and strokes to confusion and delirium. Other patients report a phenomenon called "Brain Fog," where they feel confused or slow to process the world around them."This is a very real phenomenon that is resulting from the fact that COVID has a much more widespread effect on the body than many other viruses do," she says.Studies show as many as 30% of all COVID-19 patients report some kind of brain related problem. That number climbs to 70-80% for patients who land in the ICU. And 30% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients report neurological problems, including concentration and memory issues that last as long as three months after the infection ends.RELATED: In-Depth: Doctors discuss long-term effects of COVID-19Dr. Jennifer Graves is the Director of Neuroimmunology Research at UC San Diego. She's leading a 10-year study of Coronavirus patients to find out why the disease has such a drastic impact on the brain.Already the doctors at UC San Diego have found a handful of reasons."We know this family of coronaviruses, the beta family of coronaviruses, has the potential to be neurotropic, and to invade neural cells," says Dr. Graves.She says the disease could infect cerebral spinal fluid or trigger an immune response that leads to brain problems.Dr. Karanjia says she sees inflammation of blood vessel lining that could lead to some of the more severe reactions like hemorrhages, strokes, or comas.And the damage Coronavirus does to other organs, like the lungs and heart, could lead to lower blood flow to the brain."We're trying to tease apart these possibilities and look at what are the relative contribution of these mechanisms," Dr. Graves says of her research.In addition to the physical damage, Coronavirus can also lead to mental issues like PTSD or depression."We know the overall stress, the systemic stress, the psychiatric stress of going through this disease, or possibly being admitted to an ICU with this disease, or going through an entire outbreak in your family with this disease can lead to some neuropsychiatric symptoms as well," says Dr. Graves.Fortunately, doctors are starting to find ways to help with the problems, from medication to therapy."It's so important for people to know that if they experience symptoms, there is help out there, and they need just to seek it out," says Dr.Karanjia.Patients can also become part of the study by contacting UC San Diego Health. 2824

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) – Gun control activists filled Balboa Park Thursday, demanding gun control for the safety of students.Wendy Wheatcroft, the director of "Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense In America, says the event was in response to the school shooting in Parkland, Florida.  As a mother of three, she was horrified.“I want to be able to do everything in my power to make sure they grow up in a safe environment,” Wheatcroft said.RELATED: Victims of Parkland shootingWheatcroft says California has some of the toughest gun laws in the country and should be the model for the federal level.“In California, we have a gun law called the gun violence restraining order and this allows people to remove weapons from someone they deem to be a threat to themselves or others,” she said.  “If they had this law in Florida, they could have prevented this from happening.”RELATED: Vigil held for Parkland shooting victimsJim Miller is with the San Diego Gun Owner’s Political Action Committee. He told 10News - no gun law could have stopped the attack on Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School.Miller thinks the breakdown is in the mental health system.RELATED: FBI warned about alleged Parkland shooter nearly five months ago“If an individual can pass a background check because they’re mental health wasn’t diagnosed previously and not in a data base, that’s a problem,” Miller said.He also believes schools should take a closer look at security.  He thinks every campus should be protected by men and women with guns- either officers or trained staff.“A gun free zone is just an attraction," Miller said. "And a magnet for people who want do bad things." 1683

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Get ready for the coolest summer chill out, San Diego.The first annual Scoop San Diego Ice Cream Festival comes to North Park on June 23 from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., promising a taste of San Diego's best ice cream concoctions.Here's the scoop: The event celebrates San Diego's evolving craft ice cream and gelato offerings while also raising money for underserved communities. This year's festival will benefit the Monarch School, which supports educating homeless youth in San Diego.RELATED: Free Summer Movies in the Park return around San Diego CountyScoop San Diego was created by San Diegan and Hammond's Gourmet Ice Cream co-founder Daniel Szpak. Though Szpak isn't a part of Hammond's any longer, his love for ice cream led him to create San Diego's "first-ever" ice cream festival.“Everyone loves ice cream, and we have so many unique shops in San Diego,” Szpak said. “While you’re satisfying your sweet tooth at Scoop San Diego you’re also helping the people in our community who need it the most. That’s our mission at Scoop San Diego: to showcase the tastiest local ice cream and gelato, to be of service to the community, and to have fun!”Tickets are on sale for (single ticket with 10 samples) or (shareable ticket for one sample from each vendor per guest). Ticket prices will jump is purchased on the day of the event.RELATED: Southern California theme park summer funVendors will be scooping together 1- to 2-ounce samples for attendees. For comparison, the average scoop of ice cream is about 4 to 5 ounces.So far, a variety of chilly treats is expected from vendors such as:Moo Time CreameryDixie PopsScoops La JollaMutual Friend Ice CreamHoly PaletaGelato LoveSnoiceEsco GelatoMariposa Ice CreamAn's Dry CleaningCabetos PopsStella Jean's Ice CreamBing Haus Dessert & CoffeeJojo's CreameryBuona ForchettaGelati & PeccatiGelato ParadisoChocolatHandel'sThe Paleta BarFor those who aren't always a fan of ice cream, vendors with non-ice cream offerings are scheduled to attend. Dairy-free and vegan options will also be available.More information and ticket details can be found online here. 2147

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- District Attorney Summer Stephan spoke about her new efforts to train officers and weed out “bad actors.”The push includes calls for a new independent Commission on Police Practices, which would replace the current Community Review Board on Police Practices. “Our communities need us to grieve with them, but they also need us as leaders to step up,” Stephan said. “Officers that are involved in abuse like what we saw with Mr. George Floyd have a history. They do not belong in a field where you supposed to serve and protect and you have the power between life and death.”She said part of the effort to train officers in de-escalating situations includes a new class that focuses on interactions with the public. “This is about interacting with someone that may have mental health issues, may appear not compliant, and how do you talk to them. How do you de-escalate? How do you show respect and communication?” she said.The goal is to train all 5,000 officers in the local departments.The independent Commission on Police Practices would have independent council and subpoena power. It still needs to qualify for the November ballot. Mayor Faulconer pledged his support for the ballot measure Monday. Stephan said she also supports it.“I support it because it is a balanced approach for oversight and transparency,” Stephan said. As of late last year, the city’s independent business analysis said the commission could cost between .1 to .3 million per year, depending on staffing. 1516

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