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LOS ANGELES, May 15 (Xinhua) -- Using a simple, minimally- invasive technique to analyze cells from the interior of the nose, U.S. researchers have detected lung cancer in its earliest stage.For the study, the researchers at the Boston University Medical Center collected nasal epithelial cells from thirty three smokers who were undergoing medically-indicated bronchoscopies for suspicion of lung cancer, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Sunday.Of these patients, 11 were found to have benign disease and 22 had lung cancer. Brushings were taken from the right or left nostril and profiled on microarrays, a process that allows researchers to study gene expression changes.The researchers identified 170 genes that were differentially expressed between patients with and without lung cancer. They also found that genes linked to colon cancer and adenocarcinoma, as well as genes that trigger cell division and blood vessel growth, were expressed more heavily in patients with cancer. Genes involved in tumor suppression were also expressed at lower levels in these patients.Earlier studies have used gene expression differences in the bronchial airways to identify lung cancer in its early stages. The researchers relied on those results to design the current study."In this study we used the same principle as we used in our earlier studies of bronchial tissue, only this time, those methods were used to study nasal cells," said study author Christina Anderlind, MD, Instructor of Medicine. "Our hypothesis was that the upper airway epithelium of smokers with lung cancer displays a cancer-specific gene expression pattern, and that this airway nasal gene expression signature reflects the changes that occur in lung tissue."

GENEVA, May 17 (Xinhua) -- Health Ministers from Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa met here on Tuesday, to prepare for the BRICS Health Ministerial Meeting which is to be held in Beijing on July 11, 2011.The preparatory discussion was convened on the sidelines of the 64th World Health Assembly, which have gathered health authorities from 193 member states of the World Health Organization (WHO).In a press communique following the discussions, the Health Ministers of the BRICS said that the theme of the Beijing meeting would include, promoting innovation and access to affordable medical products, vaccines and other health technologies, in support of reaching the Millennium Development Goals and addressing other public health challenges.Additional agreement decided that the World Conference on Social Determinants of Health will be held in the Brazilian Capital, Rio de Janeiro, next October, as an important opportunity to discuss the inter-linkages between public health and development, as well as exchange experiences in reducing health inequities within and amongst countries.

DAVOS, Switzerland, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) -- A policy of more trade and greater openness to the rest of the world has brought significant benefits to China and greater market opportunities to its trading partners, the head of the World Trade Organization says."I don't think there is any question that China joining the WTO has been a very good thing for China and for the WTO and its members," WTO Director General Pascal Lamy said in an interview with Xinhua.The WTO chief was expected to join the forum "China's Impact on Global Trade and Growth" on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum annual meeting held in this Swiss alpine town."In joining the WTO, China successfully underpinned a policy of what had been 20 years of progressive openness," Lamy said.Adherence to economic reforms through international commitments ensured that China would stay on the path of openness, he noted, adding that the policy has helped the country economically, politically and socially.Lamy stressed that China has done a "remarkable job" in reducing poverty, which is an important task for the country, along with registering double-digit growth, thus becoming the world's largest manufacturer and the second largest economy.Apart from enhanced market access with its trading partners and more equal treatment in global trade, WTO membership also has allowed China to gain access to the organization's dispute settlement system, Lamy said.According to a WTO report issued in December, as the world's biggest exporter, China ranks first in receiving anti-dumping (AD) investigations, with 23 new AD initiations directed at its exports in the first half of 2010.In recent rulings arbitrated by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), China has won a poultry dispute against the United States, and a steel fastener case against the European Union.Being a WTO member, "China would have a seat at the table as negotiations commenced on the trade rules for the 21st century," Lamy said, referring to the decade-long Doha round of global trade negotiations aimed at building the next generation trading system.Even more importantly, for China, participation in the global system of rules and discipline greatly boosted investors' confidence and helped facilitate foreign direct investment in China, he said.On the other side of the coin, China's integration into the world trading system has given enormous driving force to the global economy and market opportunity to its trade partners.

BRUSSELS, April 29 (Xinhua) -- As a 2004 European Union (EU) directive on herbal medicine is to be fully implemented on May 1, herbal medicinal products without a license will no longer be allowed in the EU market, the European Commission said in a press release Friday.The Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive, adopted by the EU member states in 2004, introduced a so-called simplified registration procedure with a seven-year transition period for traditional herbal medicinal products to obtain a medicine license.As the transition period is to expire on Saturday, herbal medicinal products from home and abroad, most of which have been sold as food supplements for decades, need to be medically registered or authorized by EU governments in order to remain in the market after May 1.Instead of going through safety tests and clinical trials as regular chemical drugs, applicants are required by the directive to provide documents showing the herbal medicinal product is not harmful in the specified condition of use, as well as evidence that the product at least has a 30-year history of safe use, including 15 years in the EU.However, a wide range of eligibility and technical challenges along with prohibitive costs have so far prevented both local and outside herbal medicinal products from being granted the license.Only a small proportion of indigenous herbal medicinal products have been approved for registration while not a single Chinese or Indian traditional herbal medicinal products have been licensed.Lack of pan-European rules, EU member states had adopted different approaches to herbal medicine, thus creating a "state of anarchy" in the markets despite the fact that indigenous herbs had a 700-year history of use in Europe.Although the directive was intended to harmonize rules of member states and build a level-playing field across the EU, critics argued that the directive may fall short of the aim and create more chaos and uncertainties for the industry.DRAWBACKSThe directive has been under attack for being neither "adequate " nor "appropriate" due to its high registration cost for a single product and its lack of consideration about the Chinese and Indian traditional herbal medicine.Chris Dhaenens, a licensed herbalist in Belgium and a shareholder of a medium-sized herbal importing company doing business with China and ten European countries, said the directive was only appropriate for companies carrying a few products and who could afford the registration costs."It is simply inaccessible to most players distributing high- quality Chinese or Indian herbal products in Europe," he said, adding that the registration fee for a single product could be as high as 150,000 euros.The Alliance for Natural Health, a British-based group representing herbal practitioners, estimated the cost of obtaining a license at between 80,000 and 120,000 pounds (90,000 to 135,000 U.S. dollars) per herb.Dhaenens, who is also the president of the European Benefyt Foundation, a leading traditional medicine group in Europe, argued that the directive only tried to regulate herbal products instead of its practitioners and the whole herbal system, as well as fell short to take the Chinese and Indian traditional medicine into full consideration.Even the European Commission had admitted that the directive was not fit for the registration of Chinese and Indian medicine in an earlier exchange with the European Medicine Agency in Dec. 2008, Dhaenens revealed in an exclusive interview with Xinhua."But they had no money or time to work out an alternative, and so it was left to the member states," he said.