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KUNMING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- By moonlight, Ma Yuanqiong, a grassroots AIDS prevention practitioner, and her colleagues slipped into a large community of migrant workers in the city of Jinghong in southwest Yunnan province.As usual, they were greeted tepidly. A dozen sex workers living in the community came to obtain free condoms and brochures on AIDS prevention and quickly dispersed."We visit these women every week. They are familiar with us, but rarely talk about themselves," said Ma, who is in charge of an AIDS prevention program targeting sex workers in Jinghong. The program was initiated by Fuhua International, a local NGO.Sex workers are highly sensitive and vigilant due to safety concerns, since sexual services are illegal in China, Ma said. They have become harder to find since local police started a persistent crackdown on prostitution two years ago and drove many sex workers underground, she said.INACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES EFFORTSJinghong is located in Xishuangbannan Dai autonomous prefecture. Bordering Laos and Myanmar, it's a famous tourist city where the underground sex industry thrives.The AIDS prevention program, which began in 2006, is aimed at improving sex workers' awareness of the epidemic -- which is primarily sexually transmitted -- and prompting them to change risky behavior.In the beginning, program workers quickly realized they faced a significant challenge. "We were often rejected, or even threatened when trying to get in touch with the sex workers at first," Ma said.But the practitioners persisted, approaching nonjudgmentally and treating them as friends, and eventually their efforts began to pay off.During the past five years, the program has provided free condoms and AIDS consulting services to more than 400 sex workers aged 14 to 58 and from many parts of the country, according to Ma.The program has even helped several sex workers give up the business and pursue legitimate careers.However, the organization currently only keeps in touch with about 100 sex workers and has found it more difficult to reach more.The police crackdown has made the sex workers, especially low-paid street hookers, more mobile and less visible, and Ma pointed out that low-paid sex workers are in greater need for outreach as they are more vulnerable to HIV infection than their their higher-paid counterparts."Low-level sex workers are at a heightened risk, as they and their clients, mainly migrant workers and the elderly, all have insufficient knowledge of the disease," she said.According to statistics provided by the provincial disease control and prevention center (CDC) of Yunnan, about 1.6 percent of sex workers in Yunnan have contracted HIV, while the ratio among the low-level group is 3 percent.By the end of October, Yunnan reported 93,567 HIV carriers and AIDS patients, the most among all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities."We conducted a survey in Jinghong and neighboring Menghai County at the end of 2008 and found that low-level sex workers almost never used condoms then," said Kang Jun, head of the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment office in Xishuangbanna.The survey also found that the low-level sex workers only charged about 20 yuan (3.2 U.S. dollars) for each service, and every day they received 16 clients on average, according to Kang.Ahead of the police crackdown, Kang and his colleagues had provided HIV testing services for more than 30 low-level sex workers, and the results showed that two of them had been infected by the virus."The testing work was forced to halt as the crackdown began soon and we could hardly find them," Kang said.The good news, he said, was that the local CDC will launch a four-year investigation on sex workers in Xishuangbanna next January as part of a massive state-funded research project.

HOUSTON, Dec. 13 (Xinhua) -- NASA Johnson Space Center on Tuesday formed a partnership with Texas's largest tech incubator and accelerator, the Houston Technology Center (HTC), to help reach its goals of increasing private and public collaboration.The strategic partnership is aimed at expanding HTC's mission of accelerating the growth of emerging technology companies in the Houston region to support NASA's goals of increasing private and public cooperation, the parties said in news release."We are excited to partner with NASA Johnson Space Center in an effort to foster entrepreneurial opportunities to the transitioning workforce in the Bay Area," said Walter Ulrich, CEO of Houston Technology Center."The combination of NASA's incredible technologies and HTC's powerful entrepreneurial resources presents the potential for immense economic development," he said.HTC is committed to growing a sustainable entrepreneurial network that will benefit the surrounding the space center for years to come including its future missions beyond low earth orbit. HTC will seed the future workforce through its close ties with the major universities and with science, technology, engineering, math programs and objectives, according to the news release.NASA and the Houston Technology Center began their partnership earlier this year when they originally formed plans to open an office to help former contractors near the Johnson Space Center.With the signing of the Space Act Agreement on Tuesday, the two sides move forward with retraining contractors and helping them get new jobs in the Houston area.An estimated 4,000 people are expected to lose their jobs when the space shuttle program is completed.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- NASA plans to add an unmanned flight test of the Orion spacecraft in early 2014 to its contract with Lockheed Martin Space Systems for the multipurpose crew vehicle's design, development, test and evaluation, the U.S. space agency announced Tuesday.This test supports the new Space Launch System (SLS) that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before, and provide the cornerstone for America's future human spaceflight efforts."President Obama and Congress have laid out an ambitious space exploration plan, and NASA is moving out quickly to implement it," NASA Associate Administrator for Communications David Weaver said in a statement. "This flight test will provide invaluable data to support the deep space exploration missions this nation is embarking upon."Orion is part of the now defunct Constellation program canceled under President Barack Obama's 2011 budget proposal. Instead Obama urged NASA to work toward sending humans to an asteroid and then on to Mars -- and NASA says it wants to go ahead with that as quickly as possible.This Exploration Flight Test, or EFT-1, will fly two orbits to a high-apogee, with a high-energy re-entry through Earth's atmosphere. Orion will make a water landing and be recovered using operations planned for future human exploration missions. The test mission will be launched from Cape Canaveral to acquire critical re-entry flight performance data and demonstrate early integration capabilities that benefit the Orion, SLS."The entry part of the test will produce data needed to develop a spacecraft capable of surviving speeds greater than 20,000 mph and safely return astronauts from beyond Earth orbit," Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations William Gerstenmaier said. "This test is very important to the detailed design process in terms of the data we expect to receive."

BEIJING, Dec. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- China started to run its own satellite positioning system, Beidou, on Tuesday as the country climbed the global tech ladder and challenged the monopoly of the West. Beidou, or Big Dipper, the domestic version of the US Global Positioning System (GPS), started providing navigation, positioning and timing data on a pilot basis to China and the neighboring area for free on Tuesday, Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation Office, said. The system, with 10 orbiting satellites, covers an area from Australia in the south to Russia in the north. Signals can reach the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east, Ran said. With six more satellites to be launched next year, the system will cover a wider area and eventually the entire globe by 2020 with a constellation of 35 satellites, he said. The accuracy of the positioning service will also improve as more satellites orbit. During the trial run Beidou can offer positioning to within 25 meters but when the system is officially launched next year accuracy will be enhanced to within 10 meters, he said. With the system operational China is the third member of an elite group, along with the US and Russia, to develop a satellite navigation system. The US spent 20 years and more than billion on the GPS. Completed in 1994, the system has 24 navigation satellites and is widely used around the world. Beidou has its own unique features, Ran said. "It not only tells users where they are and what time it is but also allows users to tell others the information through short messages," Ran said, adding that this feature is being considered by other systems. Russia's Glonass system achieved a 24-satellite constellation in 1996 but succumbed to funding problems. The rebuilding of the Glonass system is almost finished and Russian media reported that the system resumed service earlier this month. The European Union and the European Space Agency are building the Galileo satellite navigation system. Japan and India also intend to build independent regional navigation systems. "Countries build their own systems because owning an independent satellite navigation system is important to economic development and national security," said Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the monthly publication Space International. There have long been concerns that the US might take its dominant GPS offline in certain international emergencies. Ran said that the Beidou system will be "helpful" to national defense. An "independent and controllable" satellite navigation system can guarantee national economic development as well as scientific and industrial strength, he said. China started to reduce its reliance on the GPS in 2000, when it sent an experimental pair of positioning satellites into orbit. But Ran stressed that Beidou is "built for the world", as the compatibility of various systems enhances reliability for users. "If you only use GPS there will be blind spots. But from demonstrations I saw recently, receivers that are compatible with Beidou will overcome these problems," he said. He encouraged enterprises at home and abroad to join the research and development of application terminals compatible with Beidou. The office put a test version of the system's Interface Control Document online on Tuesday, which is a technical document vital for the manufacturing and development of receivers and chips. The prospects for the country's satellite navigation industry look bright, experts said. Analysts estimated that around 2020 the industry's output will reach 0 billion globally, including 400 billion yuan ( billion) to 500 billion yuan from China. According to the 2011 Report on Application of Geosaptial Information in China released on Monday, the number of satellite navigation application terminals in China has grown from less than 100,000 in 2000 to more than 10 million in 2009. The number is expected to reach 340 million by 2015. An insider said a compatible receiver for car use costs 1,600 yuan to 3,000 yuan, higher than a GPS receiver. "Chips supporting both GPS and Beidou systems have been developed, and terminals have been produced. There are no technical hurdles for the industry," said Han Shaowei, CEO of Beijing-based Unicore Communications Inc, a major navigation chip and core component provider. Beidou application terminals have been put into use in vehicles, such as government cars in Guangdong province. Ran said that private terminal makers in Guangdong are testing their receivers on the road, and the products seem stable. "The price of the compatible terminals is expected to be slashed next year," he said.

ACCRA, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- The Ghanaian government allayed the fears of many here on Thursday that it would provide funding for the treatment of persons living with HIV/AIDS in the country.Vice President John Dramani Mahama affirmed this when he addressed a ceremony to mark this year's World AIDS Day at Obuasi, near Kumasi, 270 km north of the capital Accra.Mahama said should the Global Fund pull out of supporting the country, the government would partner with development partners to raise the 5.8 million U. S. dollars needed yearly for the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients."Government will work together with the Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC) and donor partners to ensure that people living with HIV/ AIDS have access to antiretroviral drugs."The Presidency is with you, and whatever we will do to win the fight against HIV/AIDS shall be done," Mahama said.Ghana's HIV/AIDS infection rate, according to official figures, has dropped from 3 percent to the current 1.5 percent, albeit with pockets of higher rates of infection among some populations in the country.Mahama called for more innovativeness in mobilizing resources to avoid the danger of retrogression.Director-General of the GAC Angela El-Adas announced that the Ministry of Health had pledged 2.5 million Ghana cedis (1.66 million dollars) out of the 5.8 million dollars needed for next year.Meanwhile, in the capital, the Ghana Network of Persons Living with HIV and AIDS (NAP+ GHANA) joined persons living with HIV (PLHIV) globally on Thursday to commemorate this year's World AIDS Day."We stand united with our fellow PLHIV and the global HIV and AIDS community by fully supporting the vision of 'Getting to Zero', " Charity Owusu Danso, vice president of NAP+ Ghana, said in a message here.Established in 2005, NAP+GHANA is a network of member associations of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana to represent the views, hopes and aspirations of PLHIV across the country."We are extremely worried. Everyday, we receive reports from PLHIV across the country that anti-retroviral drugs are out of stock or that hospitals or clinics won't give HIV treatment to new patients because there aren't even enough drugs for existing patients, " the statement said.