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BEIJING, Feb.25 (Xinhua) -- China's energy consumption per 10,000 yuan (about 1464.1 U.S.dollars) of gross domestic product (GDP) dropped 2.2 percent in 2009, China's National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said here Thursday.Preliminary estimates indicate that the total amount of energy consumption last year stood at 3.1 billion tonnes of standard coal equivalent, up 6.3 percent compared to the 2008 level, according to a report released on the NBS website Thursday.The report did not reveal the exact amount of energy consumed per 10,000 yuan of GDP, but the figure for 2008 was 1.10 tonnes of standard coal, according to a previous NBS report.China's water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP totalled 209.3 cubic meters in 2009, down 7.6 percent from a year earlier. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial output was 116.4 cubic meters in the same period, down 8.2 percent from 2008, said the report.The report also showed that China consumed 3.02 billion tonnes of coal, 380 million tonnes of crude oil, 88.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas and 3,697.3 billion kilowatt hours of electric power in 2009, up 9.2 percent, 7.1 percent, 9.1 percent and 6.2 percent year-on-year, respectively.China has been making efforts to raise energy efficiency by eliminating high energy-consuming equipment and introducing energy-saving technologies, said the previous NBS report.Energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP was down 1.79 percent year-on-year in 2006, 4.04 percent in 2007, and 4.59 percent in 2008, according to NBS.

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Friday reiterated determination to curb the excessive growth of home prices in major cities and satisfy people's basic need for housing.He made the pledge while delivering a government work report to the Third Session of the 11th National People's Congress(NPC), China's top legislature, which is the latest demonstration of the government's determination to tame the runaway home prices.Driven by record bank lending and favorable tax breaks, China saw a sharp residential property price hike nationwide in the past year, triggering heated public complaints and fears of possible assets bubble.China's home prices in 70 large- and medium-sized cities, a housing price trend barometer, climbed 9.5 percent in January 2010 from a year earlier, the fastest growth in 19 months. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao delivers a government work report during the opening meeting of the Third Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2010Wen promised an increased supply of low-cost housing and common residential houses, restraining of speculative purchase, tighter land use management and stricter control of bank credit.A total of 63.2 billion yuan (9.25 billion U.S.dollars) will be spent by the central government in low-income housing in 2010, an increase of 8.1 billion yuan, or 14.7 percent over last year, Wen said.The government will also build 3 million housing units for low-income families and renovate 2.8 million shanty units, he said.Wen's remarks indicate the government's regulation target in the real estate sector this year, which will emphasize on satisfying demand of mid- and low-income families while ensuring a healthy development of the market, said Gu Yunchang, vice president of China Real Estate Research Association."To curb the excessive growth of home prices is a must for the healthy development, or else the foaming market would bring destructive consequences to the industry," said Gu.China's central and local governments has begun to take moves to deflate the housing bubble since late last year, including reimposing a sales tax on homes sold within five years of their purchase and raising down payment requirement for families buying a second or more houses with bank loans.In another move to cool the property market, the People's Bank of China, the central bank, announced twice within a month to raise the deposit reserve requirement ratio earlier this year.During an online chat with the Chinese Internet users last week, Wen expressed his confidence in the government measures in response to complaints over soaring home prices."It is the government's responsibility to guide the property market. I am confident that the government will ensure the healthy development of the property market," he said.

BEIJING, Feb. 23 (Xinhua) -- China has chosen 16 cities to pilot reform of government-run hospitals in an effort to ease public complaint of rising medical bills, according to an official circular released on Tuesday.The cities are required to establish a reasonable, effective and optimized medical service system, and to fully motivate all medical workers to provide the public with safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical services, according to the document.Public hospitals must retain its goal of serving the public interests and their top priority should be protecting people's health, said the document, jointly issued by five ministries including the Ministry of Health.The cities, including six in central China, six in the east and four in the west, were asked to start the reform from this year.China in April 2009 unveiled a blueprint for health-care over the next decade, kicking off a much-anticipated reform to fix its ailing medical system. The core principle of the reform is to provide basic health care as a "public service" to the people.Health Minister Chen Zhu said serving the public interests should be underscored in the health care reform and the public hospitals should play a leading role in it.MOH statistics show that China had about 14,000 public hospitals nationwide by November 2009.Li Ling, prof. with the China Center for Economic Research of Peking University, said the reform meant public hospitals would return to its nature of serving the public rather than making money."This is key to solving the complaints of costly medical service," Li said.Public hospitals in China enjoyed full government funding before 1985. Since then the situation changed as public hospitals embarked on a market-oriented reform as economic reform and opening up policy adopted in late 1978 deepened in the country."Public hospitals were allowed to make profits to invigorate themselves since then," said Xie Pengyan, professor of Peking University First Hospital. "Our hospital grew fast and my income increased remarkably since that year."Analysts said the market-oriented reform had greatly improved medical service to some extent. But the fact that hospitals operated using profits from medical services and drug prescriptions also resulted in soaring medical costs.According to the circular, public hospitals will not be allowed to make profit from drug prescriptions. They should operate on government funding and charges from medical services.The document also said that efforts should be made to strengthen hospitals in rural areas. Public hospitals are required to train medical workers for grassroot medical institutions.

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese authorities will standardize all the primary school buses to ensure safety of pupils when they commute between home and school.The school buses refer to those that are able to carry more than 10 children. The set of standards, the first of its kind in the country, require the school buses to bear unified tag, according to the Beijing News on Friday.The tag features two school children on two separate pages of an unfolded book.According to the standards, school buses should have seat belts for each seat and there should be one seat or more for caretakers.Double-deck bus and articulated bus are not allowed to serve as primary school buses for safety concern.The standards also require the bus makers to install a device to record the driving speed, time and mileage of the vehicle.The standards, jointly issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) and the Standardization Administration, will come into force on July 1.

来源：资阳报