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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

JINGGANGSHAN, Jiangxi Province, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao visited the eastern province of Jiangxi on Saturday and Sunday, calling on revolutionary veterans and model workers ahead of the Lunar New Year, China's most important holiday for family gatherings. It was the sixth year in a row that the president spent the holiday outside Beijing with ordinary citizens.     Hu, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, visited veterans who had served in the Red Army and people in the city of Jinggangshan. Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) talks with revolutionary veterans, their descendants, and local work models in Jinggangshan City, east China's Jiangxi Province, Jan. 24, 2009, ahead of the Chinese Lunar New Year, China's most important holiday for family gatherings    Jinggangshan was a famous revolutionary base where Mao Zedong led the Red Army to fight against his enemies during wartime.     During Hu's visit to Huangyangjie, a famous battlefield near Jinggangshan, and a revolution museum in the city, Hu called on local work models, veterans and their descendants, and inquired about their livelihood.     He said the veterans fought alongside the CPC and Chairman Mao, and had made outstanding contributions to China's revolution.     The work models had also offered remarkable service in building Jinggangshan city, he said. Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) grinds soybean to make bean curd as he visits a farmer named Wu Jianzhong and his family in a village of Xiaping Township, east China's Jiangxi Province, Jan. 25, 2009, ahead of the Chinese Lunar New Year, China's most important holiday for family gatherings "The Party and the Chinese people will never forget your contributions," Hu said.     Hu said currently the Party and all ethnic groups in China were striving to maintain a steady and relatively fast economic development and build a well-off society.     The country should learn from the Jinggangshan people in dealing with the difficult situation, and turn the current challenges into opportunities for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Hu said.     Last year, Hu went to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region which was severely hit by snow storms before the Lunar New Year, and helped with disaster relief work in the city of Guilin and the county of Ziyuan.

BEIJING, Oct. 15 (Xinhua) -- China's senior political advisors convened here on Wednesday to discuss the new Party decision on rural reform and advice on the issue.     During the four-day third meeting of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, political advisors were expected to carefully review the decision made at the third Plenary Session of the 17th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee that closed on Sunday, said Jia Qinglin, the CPPCC National Committee chairman who presided over the meeting.     The CPPCC had made great efforts to study the issues of agriculture, rural development and improving farmers' life, he said. "We hope political advisors can present their findings, put forward proposals and contribute to the rural reform and development." Jia Qinglin (C), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), addresses the opening session of the 3rd meeting of the standing committee of CPPCC's 11th national committee in Beijing, capital of China, on Oct. 15, 2008    Vice Premier Hui Liangyu was invited to give a presentation of the new CPC decision to the advisors at the meeting.     In the decision, the CPC summed up the experiences of the past three decades of rural reform, analyzed chances and challenges the country faced and worked out a guideline for the future, Hui said. Photo taken on Oct. 15, 2008 shows the opening session of the 3rd meeting of the standing committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC) 11th national committee in Beijing, capital of China, on Oct. 15, 2008.

ADDIS ABABA, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislator Wu Bangguo said here on Monday that his country attaches great importance to its development of relations with Ethiopia.     "My current visit to Ethiopia is aimed at bringing the existing all-round cooperative partnership to a new level and injecting new life into the traditional friendship between the two sides," said Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC). Wu Bangguo (L), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress(NPC), the country's top legislature, meets with Ethiopian President Girma Wolde Giorgis (R) in Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, on Nov. 10, 2008. "This is my first visit to Ethiopia. During my visit I witness the Ethiopian people's affection towards the Chinese people, and Iextend my good wishes to the Ethiopian people," said Wu during his meeting with Ethiopian President Girma Woldegiorgis.     "As a true friend of the Ethiopian people, we are happy to see the achievements made by Ethiopia in implementing the agriculture-led Industrial development plan in recent years. We are also happy to see that Ethiopia has become an example of how to meet the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ."     "I yesterday had very good talks separately with Teshome Toga, speaker of Ethiopian Council of People's Representatives, and Speaker of Ethiopian Federal Council Degefi Bula, reaching many important consensuses," said the Chinese top legislator.     During his talks with the two Ethiopian speakers, the two sides agreed to strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the two countries' legislatures as part of their efforts to push for improvement of people-to-people friendship, strengthening mutual political trust and promoting mutual benefit in economic cooperation, according to Wu.     Wu is on a five-African nation tour. Ethiopia is the third leg of his two-week-long visit to Africa.     For his part, Ethiopian President Girma said his country is satisfied with the better relations with China.     The president said he is very happy with China's decision to set up an agricultural technology demonstration center in Ethiopia.     He believed the demonstration center is conducive to furthering the agricultural cooperation between Ethiopia and China, improving Ethiopia's agricultural development level and helping the country's efforts to reduce poverty.     During the talks, Wu appreciated Ethiopia's commitment to the one-China policy. Wu pledged that China will speed up the construction of the demonstration center, which helps deepen the realistic cooperation in areas like farming.

BEIJING, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- China will take 10 major steps to stimulate domestic consumption and growth as it turns to an "active" fiscal policy and "moderately easy" monetary policy, an executive meeting of the State Council said on Sunday.     Here are the 10 major steps:     -- Housing: Building more affordable and low-rent housing and speeding the clearing of slums. A pilot program to rebuild rural housing will expand. Nomads will be encouraged to settle down.     -- Rural infrastructure: Speeding up rural infrastructure construction. Roads and power grids in the countryside will be improved, and efforts will be stepped up to spread the use of methane and to ensure drinking water safety. This part of the plan also involves expediting the North-South water diversion project. Risky reservoirs will be reinforced. Water conservation in large-scale irrigation areas will be strengthened. Poverty relief efforts will be increased.     -- Transportation: Accelerating the expansion of the transport network. That includes more dedicated passenger rail links and coal routes. Trunk railways will be extended and more airports will be built in western areas. Urban power grids will be upgraded.     -- Health and education: Beefing up the health and medical service by improving the grass roots medical system. Accelerating the development of the cultural and education sectors and junior high school construction in rural western and central areas. More special education and cultural facilities.     -- Environment: Improving environmental protection by enhancing the construction of sewage and rubbish treatment facilities and preventing water pollution in key areas. Accelerating green belt and natural forest planting programs. Increasing support for energy conservation and pollution-control projects.     -- Industry: Enhancing innovation and industrial restructuring and supporting the development of the high-tech and service industries.     -- Disaster rebuilding: Speeding reconstruction in the areas hit by the May 12 earthquake.     -- Incomes: Raising average incomes in rural and urban areas. Raising next year's minimum grain purchase and farm subsidies. Increasing subsidies for low-income urban residents. Increasing pension funds for enterprise employees and allowances for those receiving special services.     -- Taxes: Extending reforms in value-added tax rules to all industries, which could cut the tax corporate burden by 120 billion yuan (about 17.6 billion U.S. dollars). Technological upgrading will be encouraged.     -- Finance: Enhancing financial support to maintain economic growth. Removing loan quotas on commercial lenders. Appropriately increasing bank credit for priority projects, rural areas, smaller enterprises, technical innovation and industrial rationalization through mergers and acquisitions.     These 10 moves are expected to have positive effects on cement, iron and steel producers amid a boom in infrastructure investment. Commercial lenders will benefit as loan ceilings are abolished, and medium-sized and small companies are likely to benefit from preferential policies.