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BRASILIA, April 26 (Xinhua) -- A survey conducted by Brazil's Ministry of Health showed Tuesday that half of Brazilians aged over 55 have hypertension.According to the research, which has been carried out annually since 2006, the proportion of Brazilians diagnosed with hypertension increased over the past five years, from 21.6 percent in 2006 to 23.3 percent in 2010.Besides, the diagnosis of hypertension is higher among women (25.5 percent) than men (20.7 percent). But in both sexes, the older people are, the more common the disease becomes, the ministry reported.The ministry also said that, to address the problem, the Brazilian government distributes free medicines to control blood pressure, since 80 percent of Brazilians who suffer from hypertension depend on the public health system.The Ministry of Health signed on April 7 an agreement with the food industry, aiming to reduce salt in processed food.If hypertension is left untreated, some complications including clogged arteries, stroke and myocardial infarction will bring patients more troubles.

WASHINGTON, May 12 (Xinhua) -- Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in people infected with HIV prevents them from transmitting the virus to their partners, according to findings released Thursday from a large-scale international clinical study.The study, known as HPTN 052, was designed to evaluate whether antiretroviral drugs can prevent sexual transmission of HIV infection among couples in which one partner is HIV-infected and the other is not. The results are the first of their kind from a major randomized clinical trial.Led by Myron Cohen, of the University of North Carolina, the research found that treating HIV-infected individuals with antiretroviral therapy (ART) when their immune systems are still relatively healthy led to a 96 percent reduction in HIV transmission to their partners.This critical new finding convincingly demonstrates that early treatment of infected individuals can have a major impact on the spread of the epidemic.Study investigators enrolled 1,763 couples who were not eligible for ART by WHO standards in nine countries around the world. All couples were at least 18 years of age. The vast majority of the couples (97 percent) were heterosexual, which precludes any definitive conclusions about effectiveness in men who have sex with men.Couples were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. In the first group, the HIV-infected partner initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as the couple enrolled in the study (the immediate treatment group); in the second group, infected partners did not begin ART until their CD4+ counts fell to between 200 and 250 cells/mm3 or they developed an AIDS-related illness (the delayed treatment group). Couples in both groups received HIV primary care, counseling and condoms.Results of this research study, which was scheduled to conclude in 2015, are being released early, after the independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) determined that the benefits of early treatment were clear.

BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) -- Graft remains one of the Chinese people's top concerns, as indicated by online polls from two mainstream media in China prior to the country's annual parliamentary and political advisory sessions.As of 9 p.m. on Thursday, over 54,000 Internet users voiced their concerns over "the fight against corruption and efforts to build a clean government" in an online survey launched by the Xinhua News Agency.Corruption came in at fourth place behind "curbing housing prices," "income distribution" and "control of commodity prices."The poll was launched by Xinhua and was meant to solicit public opinion ahead of the annual sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC) and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).In a survey posted on People.com.cn, a website subsidiary of the People's Daily newspaper, "anti-graft" was among the most selected topics following "social security" and "judicial justice."Internet users pinned their hopes on the forthcoming parliamentary and political advisory sessions, which are scheduled to open in early March.They hope that their voices would be heard by the country's lawmakers and political advisors, who would represent them in the two sessions and would take all possible measures to tackle a number of social issues including the fight against corruption."I hope that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) combats graft comprehensively and severely to ensure a Party with a clean work style, a society with justice and assures the Chinese people that they would not be wronged," said an Internet user from Jiangxi province in a forum entitled "voicing my wishes to Premier Wen Jiabao at the 2011 two sessions " on xinhuanet.com.Internet users believe that the spread of corruption in some places had hindered China's economic development, undermined social stability and harmed the relationship between the people and officials.The fight against corruption, therefore, is a significant factor in determining whether or not China can reach its goals outlined in its Twelfth Five-year Program (2011-2015) on National Economic and Social Development, an Internet user wrote."Corruption has affected Chinese people's life through its spread into many social sectors. As the two sessions represent an open platform to reflect the people's will, citizens hope to push forward the cause of anti-corruption through legislation, thus addressing their common concerns." said Ren Jianmin, director of the Anti-corruption and Governance Research Center of Tsinghua University.The CPC has never relaxed its efforts to fight against corruption, experts say.Last year saw four ministerial-level Chinese officials placed under a graft probe or removed from their posts. Among these officials were Zhang Jiameng, former vice chairman of the Zhejiang Provincial People's Congress Standing Committee in southeast China, and Zhang Jingli, former deputy director of the State Food and Drug Administration.Another 11 ministerial-level officials were sentenced to life imprisonment or other severe punishments in 2010.On February 12 this year, Liu Zhijun, the Chinese Minister of Railways, was removed from his post as the Party chief of the ministry over an alleged "severe violation of discipline," becoming the latest senior official to be investigated in the country's battle against corruption.Experts believe that the downfall of high-ranking officials over corruption charges have clearly shown the determination of the CPC to enforce the Party's discipline, combat corruption and promote a clean work style.On January 10 this year, Chinese president Hu Jintao called for efforts to tackle prominent problems that have seriously harmed people's interests and sparked most public complaints during a plenary session of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the Party's anti-graft body.He also pledged to combat graft and punish corrupt officials severely to win the trust of the people.Further, the CPC's drive to erase corruption yielded significant results last year.A total of 5,098 leaders at the county level or above have been punished and 804 officials were referred for prosecution last year, said Gan Yisheng, the deputy secretary of the CCDI, on January 6 this year.Despite the achievements accomplished by the CPC in its fight against corruption, Ren Jianmin believes that the anti-graft situation in China is grave and the task remain arduous.Problems concerning land acquisition and compensation, housing, food and drug safety, environmental protection, work place safety and equal access to education have been reported by the public.To handle these issues, CCDI secretary He Guoqiang urged officials on January 12 to "put people first" and "exercise the state's power for the people" when addressing problems that the public complains about.He, also a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, said that efforts should be enhanced to fight graft in fields that are most vulnerable to corruption and unhealthy practices."The two sessions have a special role to play in China's fight against corruption," said Li Chengyan, a professor at the School of Government in Peking University."Every year, the Party and the government will take effective measures after the two sessions, as a response to social concerns. The people and the media's focus on anti-graft work will push the government to solve relevant problems," he said.According to experts, however, what's more important is to put in place a sound system concerning anti-corruption, promote reform and ensure the implementation of existing measures.

BEIJING, May 16 (Xinhuanet) -- NASA is close to deciding on a landing site for its Mars rover Curiosity mission by narrowing the choices to four, media reports said Monday.Scientists in the close-knit Mars research community get one last chance to make their case this week when they gather before the "judges" — the team running the 2.5 billion U.S. dollar mission that will soon suggest a landing site to NASA, the ultimate decider."All four of these places are compelling places on Mars to study. There's not a loser among them," said landing site scientist Matt Golombek of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, one of the meeting's leaders.The mission will use rover Curiosity to study whether a selected area will have environmental conditions suitable for life and for preserving evidence about whether extraterrestial life has existed.Being nuclear-powered, the rover cannot go to a location that has either water or ice within one meter of the surface.The size of a mini Cooper, Curiosity is scheduled to launch in late November after a two-year delay.

WASHINGTON, May 25 (Xinhua) -- The number of young adults in the United States with high blood pressure may be much higher than previously reported, according to a new study by researchers at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill.Researchers analyzed data on more than 14,000 men and women between 24 and 32 years old in 2008 from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, known as Add Health. They found 19 percent had elevated blood pressure, also referred to as hypertension. Only about half of the participants with elevated blood pressure had ever been told by a health-care provider that they had the condition."The findings are significant because they indicate that many young adults are at risk of developing heart disease, but are unaware that they have hypertension," said Quynh Nguyen, a doctoral student at UNC's Gillings School of Global Public Health and the study's lead author. Hypertension is a strong risk factor for stroke and coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death for adults in the United States.The findings were published this week in the journal Epidemiology.Kathleen Mullan Harris, Add Health's principal investigator and a co-author of the paper, said the findings were noteworthy because they were from the first nationally representative, field- based study of blood pressure to focus on young adults."The message is clear," said Harris. "Young adults and the medical professionals they visit shouldn't assume they're not old enough to have high blood pressure. This is a condition that leads to chronic illness, premature death and costly medical treatment."