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WASHINGTON, May 11 (Xinhua) -- Johns Hopkins University researchers have demonstrated that human liver cells derived from adult cells coaxed into an embryonic state can engraft and begin regenerating liver tissue in mice with chronic liver damage.The work, published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine, suggests that liver cells derived from so- called "induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)" could one day be used as an alternative to liver transplant in patients with serious liver diseases, bypassing long waiting lists for organs and concerns about immune system rejection of donated tissue."Our findings provide a foundation for producing functional liver cells for patients who suffer liver diseases and are in need of transplantation," says Yoon-Young Jang, assistant professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. "iPSC-derived liver cells not only can be generated in large amounts, but also can be tailored to each patient, preventing immune-rejection problems associated with liver transplants from unmatched donors or embryonic stem cells." A microsopic view shows human embryonic stem cells in various stages of differentiation into liver cells in this photo taken at Stanford University and released by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009iPSCs are made from adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to revert to an embryonic stem cell-like state, with the ability to transform into different cell types. Human iPSCs can be generated from various tissues, including skin, blood and liver cells.Although the liver can regenerate in the body, end-stage liver failure caused by diseases like cirrhosis and cancers eventually destroy the liver's regenerative ability, Jang says. Currently, the only option for those patients is to receive a liver organ or liver cell transplant, a supply problem given the severe shortage of donor liver tissue for transplantation. In addition, mature liver cells and adult liver stem cells are difficult to isolate or grow in the laboratory, she says. By contrast, iPSCs can be made from a tiny amount of many kinds of tissue; and the embryonic stem- like iPSCs can grow in laboratory cultures indefinitely.For the study, Jang and colleagues generated human iPSCs from a variety of adult human cells, including liver cells, fibroblasts ( connective tissue cells), bone marrow stem cells and skin cells. They found that though the iPSCs overall were molecularly similar to each other and to embryonic stem cells, they retained a distinct molecular "signature" inherited from the cell of origin.

SEOUL, April 12 (Xinhua) -- South Korea has downgraded its alert level for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) one notch as the disease has practically come to an end, the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries said Tuesday.The ministry said that it lowered the alert level from "orange" to "yellow," the second-lowest status in the four-tiered alert system, as no additional burial of livestock has occurred in three weeks after the last case in Hongseong, South Chungcheong Province, on March 21.The country dropped the alert level from the highest level of " red" to "orange" on March 24.The highly contagious animal disease, first confirmed on Nov. 29, has forced the country to cull more than 3.47 million livestock, mostly pigs and cattle, resulting in losses of 3 trillion won (2.6 billion U.S. dollars).The ministry, meanwhile, said that 670 animal quarantine experts will continue to decontaminate livestock farms once every week and keep close watch to see if any animals become sick.

BEIJING, Feb. 9 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese currency, or the yuan, rose to a new high of 6.585 against the U.S. dollar Wednesday, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trading System.The central parity rate of the RMB, or the yuan, was 10 basis points higher than the previous record of 6.586 set on Feb. 1, the previous trading day.The yuan appreciated 3.6 percent last year, but some analysts predict it could rise further against the dollar this year as the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the central bank, attempts to cool accelerating inflation.The PBOC announced Tuesday it would raise the benchmark one-year borrowing and lending rates by 25 basis points from Wednesday.On China's foreign exchange spot market, the yuan can rise or fall 0.5 percent from the central parity rate each trading day.The central parity rate of the RMB against the U.S. dollar is based on a weighted average of prices before the opening of the market each business day.

LOS ANGELES, May 15 (Xinhua) -- Using a simple, minimally- invasive technique to analyze cells from the interior of the nose, U.S. researchers have detected lung cancer in its earliest stage.For the study, the researchers at the Boston University Medical Center collected nasal epithelial cells from thirty three smokers who were undergoing medically-indicated bronchoscopies for suspicion of lung cancer, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Sunday.Of these patients, 11 were found to have benign disease and 22 had lung cancer. Brushings were taken from the right or left nostril and profiled on microarrays, a process that allows researchers to study gene expression changes.The researchers identified 170 genes that were differentially expressed between patients with and without lung cancer. They also found that genes linked to colon cancer and adenocarcinoma, as well as genes that trigger cell division and blood vessel growth, were expressed more heavily in patients with cancer. Genes involved in tumor suppression were also expressed at lower levels in these patients.Earlier studies have used gene expression differences in the bronchial airways to identify lung cancer in its early stages. The researchers relied on those results to design the current study."In this study we used the same principle as we used in our earlier studies of bronchial tissue, only this time, those methods were used to study nasal cells," said study author Christina Anderlind, MD, Instructor of Medicine. "Our hypothesis was that the upper airway epithelium of smokers with lung cancer displays a cancer-specific gene expression pattern, and that this airway nasal gene expression signature reflects the changes that occur in lung tissue."

JERUSALEM, March 31 (Xinhua) -- Two researchers at the Hebrew University (HU) of Jerusalem have been honored with a prestigious award for their study of the connection between several inflammatory diseases, cancer and bacteria.Medical faculty members, Dr. Eli Pilarsky and Prof. Sigal Ben- Yehuda, won this year's Sir Zelman Cowen Universities Fund prize that recognizes significant achievement in the field of medicine.The prize committee noted the impressive contributions of Pilarsky and Ben-Yehuda in understanding complex diseases like cancer and antibiotic-resistant infections, and, in a first, decided to award the two scientists this year.Pilarsky told Xinhua that his research deals with the connection between chronic inflammatory diseases like hepatitis, and the development of cancer cells."The relevance of this discovery is that we were able to establish the link between the molecules secreted with such inflammations and the proliferation of cancer cells," Pilarsky explained, noting that "we discovered that the inflammation favors the cancer cells' growth, and now we are trying to find a way to manipulate these molecules to stop the cancer cells from appearing. ""The importance of these findings lies in the fact that 20 percent of the world's cancer cases are attributed to inflammation processes," Pilarsky pointed out.

来源：资阳报