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RICHMOND, Va. — There has been a major drop in the number of people behind bars in the U.S. An analysis by The Marshall Project and The Associated Press found that between March and June, more than 100,000 people were released from state and federal prisons. That's a drop of 8%. By comparison, the Vera Institute of Justice found that for all of 2019, the state and federal prison population fell by 2.2%. As the U.S. struggles with the coronavirus, prison reform advocates are urging releases to halt its spread in correctional facilities. But their release, and how they behave when they’re out, is likely to affect the larger criminal justice reform movement. 671

Russian President Vladimir Putin boasted Thursday of new weaponry that will render NATO defenses "completely useless" -- and delivered a warning to the world about Russia's resurgent military might.In an annual address to the Russian parliament, the Kremlin leader said Russia had developed a new, nuclear-capable cruise missile with "unlimited" range that is capable of eluding air-defense systems.He also said Russia had developed an "invincible" missile that can deliver a warhead at hypersonic speed.Putin is running for reelection in mid-March on a platform that emphasizes his strength as a leader. And Thursday's speech was an occasion for the Russian President to showcase his country's strides in military technology."Russia still has the greatest nuclear potential in the world, but nobody listened to us," he said. "Listen now."One new development: The creation of a low-flying cruise missile capable of stealthy operation. Putin said the missile would be nuclear-powered and showed a video simulating its flight."Since the range is unlimited, it can maneuver as much as necessary," Putin said.Another military development, Putin said, was a weapon capable of flying "like a meteorite" at several times the speed of sound."It will be practically invulnerable," he said. "The speed will be hypersonic."Putin has long fumed over the decision of President George W. Bush to withdraw from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and deploy missile defenses. In his remarks, the Russian president said Moscow's new arsenal had been developed in response to Washington's moves."We are creating state-of-the-art systems for Russia's strategic weapons in response to the unilateral US withdrawal from the ABM Treaty," Putin said.Putin said Russia has developed other new weaponry, including unmanned underwater vehicles capable of moving at great speeds. The Russian President also responded to the Trump administration's recent Nuclear Posture Review, which calls for enhancing the flexibility of the US nuclear deterrent.The US review is "of great concern," Putin said, asserting that it potentially lowers the bar for the use of nuclear weapons.The United States remains the world's largest military spender. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, the US outspends Russia by a factor of around 10, according to its latest figures online.Russia's foreign policy has been much muscular in recent years, however. Putin deployed his air force to Syria in the autumn of 2015 to back the forces of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, turning the tide of war in favor of the regime. Russia's Syria intervention has also become an occasion for Russia to showcase some of its latest conventional weaponry, including new aircraft.But in his remarks, Putin maintained that Russia's military posture is purely defensive in nature."We've never had an intention of attacking anybody," he said. "Russia will only retaliate if it is attacked."Russia remains "interested in normal constructive relationship with the EU and America," he added.  3070

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — California's increasingly deadly and destructive wildfires have become so unpredictable that government officials should consider banning home construction in vulnerable areas, the state's top firefighter says.Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Director Ken Pimlott will leave his job Friday after 30 years with the agency. In an interview with The Associated Press, he said government and citizens must act differently to protect lives and property from fires that now routinely threaten large populations.That may mean rethinking subdivisions in thickly forested mountainous areas or homes along Southern California canyons lined with tinder-dry chaparral. Los Angeles County supervisors on Tuesday were considering whether to allow a 19,000-home development in fire-prone mountains amid heavy criticism of the location's high fire danger.California residents should also train themselves to respond more quickly to warnings and make preparations to shelter in place if they can't outrun the flames, Pimlott said.Communities in fire zones need to harden key buildings with fireproof construction similar to the way cities prepare for earthquakes, hurricanes or tornadoes, and should prepare commercial or public buildings to withstand fires with the expectation hundreds may shelter there as they did in makeshift fashion when flames last month largely destroyed the Sierra Nevada foothills city of Paradise in Northern California.California already has the nation's most robust building requirement programs for new homes in fire-prone areas, but recent fire seasons underscore more is needed. Officials must consider prohibiting construction in particularly vulnerable areas, said Pimlott, who has led the agency through the last eight years under termed-out Gov. Jerry Brown.He said it's uncertain if those decisions should be made by local land managers or at the state level as legislative leaders have suggested. But Pimlott said "we owe it" to homeowners, firefighters and communities "so that they don't have to keep going through what we're going through.""We've got to continue to raise the bar on what we're doing and local land-use planning decisions have to be part of that discussion," he said.California's population has doubled since 1970 to nearly 40 million, pushing urban sprawl into mountain subdivisions, areas home to fast-burning grasslands and along scenic canyons and ridgetops that are susceptible to fires. After a crippling drought, the last two years have seen the worst fires in state history. November's fire in the northern California town of Paradise was the deadliest U.S. wildfire in a century, killing at least 85 people and destroying nearly 14,000 homes.A year earlier, a fire that ripped through the San Francisco Bay Area city of Santa Rosa killed 22 people and destroyed more than 5,000 homes and other structures.Every year since at least 2013, firefighters did not anticipate California's wildfires could get worse, Pimlott said. But each year the fires have increased in intensity — driven by dry fuels, an estimated 129 million drought- and bark beetle-killed trees, and climate change.In response, the state is doing more planned burning to eliminate brush and dead trees that serve as fuels for wildfires. The state will also add seven large firefighting aircraft, replace a dozen aging helicopters, provide firefighter counseling and ensure that firefighters have enough time off for medical checkups to help them manage the mental and physical stress from a fire season that now never ends.He said California leads the nation in clearing away dead trees and thinning forested areas that are crowded with trees that can fuel fires, contrary to criticism by President Donald Trump who has blamed forest mismanagement for the fires."No other state, or even the federal government, are putting the amount of investment into this space as California," Pimlott said.The department's philosophy for many years has been to stamp out fires quickly to protect people and property. Prescribed burns were previously used sparingly out of concern they could get out of control, but he said the department is making "a sea change" by recognizing that starting fires under optimum conditions is a good way to reduce dangerous fuels.Recent fires that have burned into cities have made clear that those protections need to be centered around vulnerable communities, he said. Paradise, for example, was built on a ridge atop steep canyons that helped channel the wind-driven fire, while wildfires have repeated blown into Northern and Southern California subdivisions from neighboring wildlands thick with tinder-dry fuel.Pimlott rose through the ranks from seasonal firefighter to deputy director of fire protection before his appointment as chief of the agency. In that role he doubles as the state's chief forester and oversees a department that includes nearly 8,000 firefighters, forest managers and support staff.He said he has seen fire conditions worsen each passing year during his three decades with the agency, taking its toll on residents and firefighters alike."Folks can say what they want to say, but firefighters are living climate change. It's staring them in the face every day," he said.To adapt, he advocates wildfire warning systems that not only use new technology like automated phone calling systems, but maybe restoring civil defense-style emergency sirens in some areas. City planners must prepare communities "unlike we ever have before" with easy evacuation routes and new evacuation centers.And he said Californians must treat "red flag" extreme fire danger warnings the way Midwesterners treat tornado warnings — as imminent threats."The reality of it is, California has a fire-prone climate and it will continue to burn," he said. "Fire is a way of life in California and we have to learn how to live with it, we have to learn how to have more resilient communities." 5973

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — California lawmakers and Gov. Gavin Newsom broadly agree on a proposed 3 billion state budget that would spend more on immigrants and the poor by expanding tax credits, health care and child care.But they're still debating how far those program expansions should go and how best to pay for them.They're now in the final days of negotiations ahead of a June 15 deadline for lawmakers to approve the budget or stop getting paid.California law requires legislation to be in print for 72 hours before lawmakers take a vote, which means any deal would have to be struck by Wednesday.TAX CREDITNewsom wants to spend roughly 0 million to expand a tax credit program for low-income people with children under the age of 6. The program is known as the earned income tax credit, but Newsom prefers to call it a "cost-of-living refund."His plan would increase the credit to ,000 a year and allow more people to access it. He wants the state to pay it out on a monthly basis, something no state has won federal approval to do.He acknowledged it might not happen this year if California can't win approval from the Trump administration.The Senate and Assembly want to expand the credit even further by allowing people living in the country illegally to claim it. Newsom has suggested that would be too expensive.TAX LAW CHANGESTo pay for a tax credit expansion, Newsom wants California to adopt some of the changes to the federal tax code signed in 2017 by President Donald Trump. California is one of three states that haven't yet conformed.Newsom wants to generate about billion a year through changes that would mostly raise taxes on businesses. Lawmakers have not included the changes in their version of the budget and want to use existing tax dollars to cover the expanded program. State officials have predicted a surplus of .5 billion.Changing the tax code would require a two-thirds vote in each chamber, and many lawmakers are skittish to approve a tax increase.Newsom tried to ease those concerns by getting the head of the California Taxpayers Association to publicly declare his organization is neutral on the proposal.HEALTH CARE FOR IMMIGRANTSCalifornia Democrats say they want to reduce the state's uninsured rate to zero, a goal that would require opening Medicaid — the joint federal and state health insurance program for the poor and disabled — to people living in the country illegally.Newsom's proposal would do that for adults 19 to 25. The state Senate went a step further and expanded the plan to include people 65 and older.Newsom opposes the Senate plan, saying it puts too much pressure on the general fund.INDIVIDUAL MANDATENewsom wants to spend nearly 0 million to make California the first state to expand subsidies for premiums under the federal health care law to people who make at least six times the U.S. poverty level.That would make a family of four earning up to 0,600 a year eligible for help.To pay for it, Newsom wants to tax people who don't have health insurance.The Senate wants to double Newsom's proposed spending to expand subsidies for people making less than twice the federal poverty limit. They already get help from the federal government and the state Senate's proposal would also give them state dollars.The Senate proposal also calls for keeping the tax on the uninsured, but it does not tie that money to subsidies.HEALTH PROVIDER TAXA health provider tax would affect companies that manage the California Medicaid program. Those companies, called managed care organizations, pay a tax for every person they enroll.The tax could bring the state about .8 billion next year, but it's set to expire June 30.California would need permission from the Trump administration to extend the tax. Newsom is not sure that will happen, so he did not include the money in his budget proposal. The state Senate and Assembly did.DRINKING WATERActivists say more than 1 million Californians don't have clean drinking water.Newsom wants to impose a 95-cent tax on most monthly residential water bills, as well as fees on dairies, animal farms and fertilizer sellers, to help water districts pay for improvements and boost supplies.The Senate has rejected the tax that Newsom estimates would generate 4 million a year. The Senate does want to clean up water systems and would use existing money to do it.The Assembly says lawmakers should delay action until later in the year.DIAPER AND TAMPON TAXNewsom and the Senate want to exempt diapers, tampons and other menstrual hygiene products from the state sales tax for two years. Assembly lawmakers say the tax exemption should last a decade.PAID FAMILY LEAVENewsom and the Senate want to expand paid family leave from six weeks to eight weeks, beginning July 1, 2020. The Assembly did not put the expansion in its budget proposal, preferring to debate the issue later this year. 4911

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — California Gov. Jerry Brown is leaving office Jan. 7 after signing more than 1,000 laws in his last year, further positioning the state as a bastion of liberal activism and goad to President Donald Trump.The laws, most of which take effect Tuesday, ease criminal sentences, tighten gun restrictions and address climate change, gender discrimination and sexual harassment.The Democratic governor approved 1,016 laws, the most in any of his last eight years in office. His 201 vetoes also were the most during his final two terms, as lawmakers passed a record number of measures.Counting his two terms from 1975 to 1983, the state's longest-serving governor vetoed 1,829 bills and saw 17,851 become law.Here are some of the laws taking effect with the new year:CRIMINAL JUSTICESweeping new laws bar juveniles younger than 16 from being tried as adults, even for murder, and keep children under 12 out of the criminal justice system unless they are charged with murder or rape.Other laws allow many defendants to ask judges to dismiss their charges if they show mental illness played a major role in their crime and limit the state's felony murder rule, which holds accomplices to the same standard as the person who carried out the killing.A new law responding to police shootings of young black men broadens public access to officers' personnel records. A police union is challenging whether the law is retroactive.Repeat drunken drivers and first-time offenders involved in injury crashes must install an ignition interlock device, which blocks their vehicle from starting if the driver isn't sober.GUNSSpurred by mass shootings, lawmakers further tightened California's already tough gun laws.Anyone convicted of certain domestic violence misdemeanors will be barred for life from possessing a firearm, while those under age 21 will be banned from purchasing a rifle or shotgun unless they are members of law enforcement or the military or have a hunting license.Several other laws already took effect, including measures explicitly banning rapid-fire bump stocks that attach to guns; requiring eight hours of training for concealed carry applicants; and allowing police to seize ammunition and magazines under domestic violence restraining orders.A lifetime firearm ban goes into effect in 2020 for anyone who has been hospitalized for a mental health issue more than once in a year.WILDFIRESUtilities may bill customers for future legal damages and for settlements from the deadly 2017 wildfires that caused more than billion in insured losses, even if the companies' mismanagement caused the blazes.The measure is among more than two dozen wildfire-related laws.Others make it easier to log trees, build firebreaks and conduct controlled burns of vegetation that would fuel wildfires; require investor-owned utilities to upgrade equipment so it's less likely to cause fires; safeguard residents' insurance coverage following disasters; and improve emergency notifications.GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND SEXUAL HARASSMENTCalifornia becomes the first state to require publicly held corporations to have at least one woman on their boards of directors by the end of 2019 and two or more by 2021.Spurred by the #MeToo movement, another new law bans private and public employers, including the state Legislature, from reaching secret settlements over sexual assault, harassment or discrimination. A law preventing businesses from requiring employees to sign liability releases to keep their jobs or receive bonuses is among several expanded protections.Californians also can list their gender as "nonbinary" on their driver's licenses, designated as the letter "X."CLIMATE CHANGECalifornia's utilities must generate 60 percent of their energy from wind, solar and other renewable sources by 2030, which is 10 percent higher than a previous mandate. Lawmakers set a goal of phasing out electricity from fossil fuels by 2045."This is historic because there is no economy larger in the world that has committed to pure clean energy," former Democratic state Sen. Kevin de Leon of Los Angeles wrote when Brown signed the bill into law.It was California's latest ambitious reaction to Trump's decisions to withdraw from the Paris climate accord and revive the coal industry.Other new laws study ways to ease the impact of climate change, encourage the use of biomethane and protect Obama administration targets for removing "super pollutants" called hydrofluorocarbons from refrigerants.Another law bars the Trump administration from expanding oil drilling off the California coast by blocking new pipelines and other supporting construction in state waters.OTHER LAWS— Dine-in restaurants may only provide drinking straws at customers' request.— Restaurants that advertise children's meals must include water or unflavored milk as the default beverage, though customers can still order other options.— Elections officials must provide prepaid return envelopes for vote-by-mail ballots. They also must give voters a chance to correct a ballot signature that doesn't match the one on file and let them track mail-in ballots.— The minimum wage rises to for companies with 26 or more employees and for smaller businesses as California phases in a base hourly wage.— A bill protecting net neutrality rules was set to take effect Jan. 1 but was blocked until a federal lawsuit is resolved. 5423

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