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WELLINGTON, May 13 (Xinhua) -- While it's long been known that a little sunshine can spread happiness, researchers in New Zealand have found that it can also save the lives of pneumonia patients.Medical scientists have found that vitamin D, which is absorbed through the skin and produced with exposure to sunlight, is a major factor in the survival rate of pneumonia patients.Researchers at Waikato University collaborated with doctors at Waikato Hospital, both Hamilton-based institutions, to study blood samples of 112 patients admitted to the hospital with pneumonia during the winter.They found that those with severe vitamin D deficiency 17 of the patients were more likely to die within a month, compared with patients with normal or slightly low vitamin D levels.Dr Bob Hancox, of the hospital's department of respiratory medicine, said five of the 17 died, a 29-percent mortality rate, compared with four deaths among the 95 patients with higher vitamin D levels, a 4-percent mortality rate."The analysis confirmed that the difference in mortality rates between the two groups was very unlikely to be due to chance," Hancox told Xinhua.Vitamin D deficiency was a concern around the world, Hancox said."Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D, so it tends to be a winter problem in temperate climates when people spend a lot of time indoors. But it occurs in all countries and vitamin D deficiency is believed to be a major problem worldwide."There is accumulating evidence that we need vitamin D to help fight infections, such as pneumonia as we have shown, as well as improve bone health," he told Xinhua."What is not yet clear is whether we can do anything about it. We don't know whether treating people with vitamin D supplements would help to prevent or treat respiratory infections. This is what we need to find out now."Dr Ray Cursons, of the Biological Sciences department at Waikato University, said patient age, sex, additional health conditions, and other prognostic factors did not affect the research outcome, although researchers still could not establish a causal link between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in the patients.Waikato Hospital D respiratory specialist Dr Noel Karalus said it was not yet known whether giving patients vitamin D supplements after their admission to hospital with respiratory tract infections would alter outcomes."It may transpire that vitamin D helps us avoid infection rather than cure it once established."Cursons said the best source of vitamin D was sunlight as dietary sources such as fatty fish and cod liver oil did not contain enough vitamin D."There is still some controversy regarding the optimal daily allowance of vitamin D. How much we absorb through the skin depends on sun exposure, skin type and geographical latitude. M ori and Pacific Islanders absorb less because of their darker skin, and people in colder climates also have lower levels of vitamin D. "Pneumonia is the single largest cause of death in children worldwide, killing an estimated 1.6 million children under the age of five each year, according to the World Health Organization.The research findings are published in the journal Respirology, published by the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, this month.

SHANGHAI, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) - Shanghai World Expo authorities said that about 300,000 tourists have visited the China Pavilion of the expo during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday, as of Tuesday evening.Daily peak was recorded at 48,000 visitors, authorities said late Tuesday.The China Pavilion had been adorned with a new logo of a rabbit and two carrots to mark the country's Lunar New Year celebrationsMore than 1,500 staff, police and volunteers were assigned to the China Pavilion to ensure public safety during the holiday.The organizers also sold tickets in advance and extended opening hours to accommodate the large number of visitors.Overseas and domestic tourists from outside Shanghai comprised 70 percent of the total visitors during the holiday, according to a survey by the organizer.The China Pavilion of the Shanghai World Expo had reopened on December 1, 2010 and will remain open to the public until the end of May this year.

JOHANNESBURG, March 8 (Xinhua) -- In order to combat piracy and to improve maritime safety, South African authorities have begun using a sophisticated navigation satellite system, it was announced on Tuesday.Piracy, especially by Somalis, has been increasing along Africa east coast in recent years. The South African Press Association (SAPA) reported on Tuesday that Karl Otto, head of the South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA) announced the surveillance tool at a conference in Durban.Called Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT), the system monitors and tracks vessels in waters south of the equator.Otto said the introduction of the LRIT followed concerns over the safety of seafarers, the safety standards of ships within South African waters.Otto said there were high levels of cargo at risk, such as fuels and oils.He said reasons for installing the system included the number of shipwrecks along the South African coast, and the threat of pollution of the marine environment by ships."It also serves as a mechanism to prevent piracy."Otto said the satellite system has the capacity to identify and track vessels up to 1,000 nautical miles (1,850 km) from the South African coastline as well as South African-flagged vessels anywhere in the world."This is a revolutionary development in the security of our seas," he said.SAMSA was determined to protect South Africa's seafarers, its coastline and the marine environment, Otto said.

NEW YORK, March 9 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. stocks dropped on Wednesday, the two-year anniversary of the beginning of a bull market, as concerns of oil prices and Middle East unrest continued to weigh on investors' minds.U.S. crude oil price dipped on Wednesday as crude inventories rose more than expected, though Brent crude rose on fears caused by continued violence in Libya.Meanwhile, Rex Tillerson, the CEO of energy giant Exxon Mobil Corp., said on Wednesday that he didn't think the recent jump in oil prices was hurting the U.S. economy just yet, but it's getting close.The market was worrying that the surging oil prices would hurt global economic recovery. Adding to those concerns, the Portuguese government's two-year cost of borrowing hit the highest level since it joined the eurozone in a bond auction on Wednesday.Wednesday marked the two-year anniversary of the beginning of a bull market. On March 9, 2009, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at 6,547 and the Standard & Poor's 500 Index closed at 677. The Dow is back above 12,000 now and the S&P 500 index has almost doubled.Meanwhile, the wholesale report was slightly positive, but still failed to boost the market. According to the U.S. Commerce Department, the wholesale inventories climbed 1.1 percent in January. Sales at the wholesale level rose 3.4 percent, the largest gain since November 2009.Economists expected that as businesses kept expanding, demands for products would continue to grow. And larger sales may also encourage businesses to keep restocking their shelves and boost factory production.According to the report, a 10.6-percent rise in demand for petroleum helped lift sales, reflecting higher oil and gas prices.While some investors were concerned that surging oil prices might have a negative impact on economy, some others believed the boost in sales and inventories in January hinted that the economy could withstand the impact.The Dow Jones industrial average lost 1.29 points, or 0.01 percent, to 12,213.09. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index was down 1. 80 points, or 0.14 percent, to 1,320.02. The Nasdaq declined 14.05 points, or 0.51 percent, to 2,751.72.

HARARE, Feb. 11 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi on Friday called on the West to lift sanctions they imposed on Zimbabwe while Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe applauded the Asian giant for its continued political and economic support.Addressing journalists soon after meeting Zimbabwe President Mugabe, Yang, who is on a two-day visit, said Zimbabweans and other African people have a right to choose their own development path."We believe there should be the lifting of sanctions by certain countries. We think that is the voice of the Zimbabwean people and that is also the view of all the parties concerned here in Zimbabwe," Yang said, adding that no country has a right to dictate to another."We believe all nations should respect each others sovereignty and territorial integrity," he said."China believes that Africans have the right to choose their own way of development as they are the masters of the African continent. All others are just guests," he said.Yang said that China appreciates assistance from Africa and would also continue to reciprocate the support.Addressing the Chinese delegation earlier, Zimbabwean President Mugabe said the West continues to persecute Zimbabwe through sanctions for the decision the county took to empower its people through land.He said the imposition of sanctions was despite the fact that Zimbabwe and Britain had agreed that the former would redistribute the land while the latter would compensate affected farmers."The Western countries have imposed sanctions on us for taking our land although we had discussed this in 1979. That is what started the problem," Mugabe said.Mugabe said Britain had since turned to political reasons such as human rights, democracy and rule of law to justify continued sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe.He applauded continued cooperation between China and Zimbabwe which dates back to the struggle for independence.Meanwhile, China extended a 50 million yuan (7.5 million U.S. dollars) grant to Zimbabwe.Yang and his Zimbabwean counterpart Simbarashe Mumbengegwi signed the agreement on behalf of their countries.In his meeting with Mumbengegwi, Yang who described Zimbabwe as a "brother" said the two countries had identified areas for further cooperation such as infrastructure, agriculture, water conversation and personnel training.

来源：资阳报