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WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sent warning letters to more than 1,200 retailers, the majority of which respond to violations relating to selling tobacco to minors, as part of its ongoing effort to reduce tobacco use among children, the agency announced Thursday in a statement.The FDA said that while most retail establishments have been found to be in compliance with the law, some retailers are still selling cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to minors. Warning letters may be followed by civil money penalties if retailers continue to violate the law."It should worry every parent that 20 percent of U.S. high school students smoke cigarettes," said FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg in a statement. "President Obama and the FDA are committed to preventing children from smoking. For many young people, that first cigarette or use of smokeless tobacco will lead to a lifetime of addiction, and for many, serious disease. More than 80 percent of adult smokers begin smoking before 18 years of age. Retailers are vital partners in the FDA's efforts to prevent tobacco use among kids."Obama signed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act that gives the FDA authority to regulate tobacco products to prevent use by minors and reduce the impact on public health. One of the law's provisions permits the FDA to contract with states and territories to conduct compliance check inspections of tobacco retailers. In 2011, the FDA awarded compliance contracts totaling more than 24 million U.S. dollars to 38 states.The FDA also began inspecting U.S. tobacco product manufacturers in October 2011. This is the first time tobacco product manufacturing facilities have ever been inspected by a federal public health agency.

KUNMING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- By moonlight, Ma Yuanqiong, a grassroots AIDS prevention practitioner, and her colleagues slipped into a large community of migrant workers in the city of Jinghong in southwest Yunnan province.As usual, they were greeted tepidly. A dozen sex workers living in the community came to obtain free condoms and brochures on AIDS prevention and quickly dispersed."We visit these women every week. They are familiar with us, but rarely talk about themselves," said Ma, who is in charge of an AIDS prevention program targeting sex workers in Jinghong. The program was initiated by Fuhua International, a local NGO.Sex workers are highly sensitive and vigilant due to safety concerns, since sexual services are illegal in China, Ma said. They have become harder to find since local police started a persistent crackdown on prostitution two years ago and drove many sex workers underground, she said.INACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES EFFORTSJinghong is located in Xishuangbannan Dai autonomous prefecture. Bordering Laos and Myanmar, it's a famous tourist city where the underground sex industry thrives.The AIDS prevention program, which began in 2006, is aimed at improving sex workers' awareness of the epidemic -- which is primarily sexually transmitted -- and prompting them to change risky behavior.In the beginning, program workers quickly realized they faced a significant challenge. "We were often rejected, or even threatened when trying to get in touch with the sex workers at first," Ma said.But the practitioners persisted, approaching nonjudgmentally and treating them as friends, and eventually their efforts began to pay off.During the past five years, the program has provided free condoms and AIDS consulting services to more than 400 sex workers aged 14 to 58 and from many parts of the country, according to Ma.The program has even helped several sex workers give up the business and pursue legitimate careers.However, the organization currently only keeps in touch with about 100 sex workers and has found it more difficult to reach more.The police crackdown has made the sex workers, especially low-paid street hookers, more mobile and less visible, and Ma pointed out that low-paid sex workers are in greater need for outreach as they are more vulnerable to HIV infection than their their higher-paid counterparts."Low-level sex workers are at a heightened risk, as they and their clients, mainly migrant workers and the elderly, all have insufficient knowledge of the disease," she said.According to statistics provided by the provincial disease control and prevention center (CDC) of Yunnan, about 1.6 percent of sex workers in Yunnan have contracted HIV, while the ratio among the low-level group is 3 percent.By the end of October, Yunnan reported 93,567 HIV carriers and AIDS patients, the most among all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities."We conducted a survey in Jinghong and neighboring Menghai County at the end of 2008 and found that low-level sex workers almost never used condoms then," said Kang Jun, head of the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment office in Xishuangbanna.The survey also found that the low-level sex workers only charged about 20 yuan (3.2 U.S. dollars) for each service, and every day they received 16 clients on average, according to Kang.Ahead of the police crackdown, Kang and his colleagues had provided HIV testing services for more than 30 low-level sex workers, and the results showed that two of them had been infected by the virus."The testing work was forced to halt as the crackdown began soon and we could hardly find them," Kang said.The good news, he said, was that the local CDC will launch a four-year investigation on sex workers in Xishuangbanna next January as part of a massive state-funded research project.

BEIJING, Oct. 12(Xinhuanet) -- People allergic to peanuts may find relief in a new research by American scientists, according to Huffington Post Monday.Scientists from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine have found a way to turn off allergic responses by creating an immune system tolerant to peanuts.They attached peanut proteins, the source of the allergy, to white blood cells of mice. Then the mice's immune systems would recognise the proteins and become tolerant to them.When people eat peanuts, allergic human bodies would recognize peanut proteins as invading pathogens and trigger immune responses like throat swelling, even closing up, which can be lethal. Ditto for mice's bodies.But when peanut protein attached to the body's own cells, the immune systems would regard the peanut proteins as perfectly normal and not attack the cells, said Paul Bryce, an assistant professor involved in the study. Then the allergic responses disappeared.The research was conducted on mice. But the scientists expected the method to cure peanut allergies could apply to humans, according to Huffington Post.Although the research was promising, it did not mean that peanut allergies in humans could be actually cured in the foreseeable future, said Dr. Clifford Basset medical director at Allergy and Asthma Care of New York, to ABC News, "Its all about education, prevention and preparedness".

BEIJING, Jan. 1 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao, along with other Chinese leaders, celebrated the New Year with political advisors Sunday morning in Beijing and delivered an important speech.Hu and the other members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang attended a tea party held by the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).The party was presided over by Jia Qinglin, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee.The leaders were joined by senior members of the central committees of non-Communist parties and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, personages without party affiliation, officials of the central government and representatives from all walks of life and all ethnic groups in Beijing.

BEIJING, Dec. 31 (Xinhua) -- The Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) has decided to shut down one of its fund-raising groups due to serious management flaws, as the group's alleged misuse of donations sparked public mistrust in charities.The China Business System Red Cross Society has been repealed for failing to establish a sound internal management system, maintaining a benefit-based relationship with a consulting company, and committing violations in financial and legal management, an investigation report said Saturday.The China Business System Red Cross Society, a group founded in 2001 by the China General Chamber of Commerce (CGCC) with the approval of the RCSC, engaged in charity fund raising in the commercial sector. Funds raised by the group are channeled directly to the RCSC.The group faced accusations earlier this year of misusing charity money after a young woman calling herself "Guo Meimei" claimed online to be a general manager of "Red Cross Commerce" and posted pictures on her tweets detailing her lavish lifestyle.Netizens related "Red Cross Commerce" to the China Business System Red Cross Society, and speculated that Guo might have funded her purchases by embezzling money from the Red Cross.In July, the RCSC suspended all operations of the China Business System Red Cross Society and started an investigation along with officials and experts from the Ministry of Supervision, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a law firm and the CGCC.According to the investigation report, "Red Cross Commerce" does not exist, and Guo Meimei is not employed by the China Business System Red Cross Society or its cooperative enterprises.The RCSC says it is preparing to set up a public supervision committee, and it plans to invite people from all walks of life, including influential figures, to supervise its use of donations as a third party.Meanwhile, the RCSC is also building up an online service that will publicize information about all donations made to the Red Cross system nationwide, in a move to safeguard the rights of the public, including donors, and supervise the charity group's operations.The website is expected to be launched by the end of 2012, the RCSC said.The RCSC has also vowed to strengthen the supervision and management of its subsidiaries and promote transparency in donations, financial management, tendering and procurement, and fund distribution and use.