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SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — Authorities are using a powerful tool in their effort to identify the scores of people killed by the wildfire that ripped through Northern California: rapid DNA testing that produces results in just two hours.The system can analyze DNA from bone fragments or other remains, then match it to genetic material provided by relatives of the missing. But the technology depends on people coming forward to give a DNA sample via a cheek swab, and so far, there are not nearly as many volunteers as authorities had hoped for.As of Tuesday, nearly two weeks after the inferno devastated the town of Paradise and surrounding areas, the number of confirmed dead stood at 79, and the sheriff's list of those unaccounted for had about 700 names.But only about 60 people had provided samples to pop-up labs at the Butte County Sheriff's office in Oroville and an old Sears building in Chico, where the Federal Emergency Management Agency set up a disaster relief center, said Annette Mattern, a spokeswoman for ANDE, the Longmont, Colorado, company that is donating the technology."We need hundreds," Mattern said. "We need a big enough sample for us to make a positive ID on these and to also give a better idea of how many losses there actually are."Confusion and conflicting information, the inability of relatives to travel to Northern California and mistrust of the government may be contributing to the low number.Tara Quinones hadn't heard anything from her uncle, David Marbury, for eight days before she drove north from the San Francisco Bay Area to give a sample Friday. A worker used a small tool to scrape her cheek, took three swabs of skin and asked her detailed questions about who she was looking for and their relationship.The uncle's landlord confirmed his house burned down with his vehicle still in the garage, but Quinones had no idea if any remains were found. Marbury's name keeps going on and off the ever-changing list of the missing."I did it just to be proactive," Quinones said Monday. "This is the one way I could contribute to helping find my uncle."Some of those who have given DNA came forward, like Quinones, after learning about the identification effort in their desperate search for a loved one, others after the sheriff's office called to say that remains that probably belonged to a family member had been found.Mattern declined to say Tuesday how many victims ANDE's technology has helped identify. Sheriff Kory Honea's office did not immediately respond to requests for comment.The fire was 70 percent contained Tuesday. Rain in the forecast for Wednesday through Thanksgiving weekend could aid in fighting the fire but could also bring flash floods and complicate efforts to recover remains.Once DNA is extracted from the remains, it is placed in a vial that goes into a black machine that looks like a bulky computer printer. It takes just two hours to process the material and get a DNA profile; traditional methods can take days or weeks. If a relative's DNA is already in the system, a match will pop up right away.Mattern said it has been surprisingly easy to get DNA from remains, despite the devastating damage done by the flames."We went in with pretty measured expectations, we didn't know what we were walking into," she said. "We have a tremendous database now of the victims of the fire."Ruth Dickover, director of the forensic science graduate program at the University of California-Davis, said that scientists have long been able to extract DNA from bone — a process that involves pulverizing the bone — but things can become more complicated if the remains of multiple people are mixed together."What's left may not give you a nice beautiful profile," she said.ANDE won a contract in 2009 to do research and development for federal agencies, and the company's technology has been used in pilot programs for several years. Over the summer, it won FBI approval for use in accredited labs. Law enforcement agencies in Utah, New York and Miami have used the technology, as has the military.This is the first time ANDE has helped identify victims after a natural disaster. The company has donated seven machines and about a dozen workers to the effort.Sarah Warren drove an hour and a half from Redding on Monday to report her uncle, Devan Ruel, as missing. The sheriff's office gave her a number to call about missing people, and when she called, she was told authorities would contact her if they needed her DNA, she said.She said no one told her about the collection desk at the old Sears, so she returned home without providing one."I could have done that so easily, just to be safe," she said.Warren hadn't talked to Ruel in about eight years and said the family did not have an address for him."He was just an off-the-grid type of guy," she said. "If he did perish that way it would be horrific. It deeply, deeply saddens me to even consider that being a possibility."Mattern said the sheriff's office is looking for a way to make it easier for families who don't live in Northern California to provide samples. And in hopes of easing fears that the DNA will be misused, the sheriff's office and the company gave assurances it will be deleted once it is no longer needed. 5251

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — California Gov. Gavin Newsom has ordered the state police training program to stop teaching officers how to use a hold that can block the flow of blood to the brain. It is Newsom's first action following two weeks of protests across the country after the death of George Floyd. Floyd died on Memorial Day after a police officer put his knee on his neck for nearly 10 minutes.Since then, some police departments have moved to end the use of carotid holds that stop or slow the flow of blood to the brain. RELATED: More San Diego law enforcement agencies are dropping the use of carotid restraintSan Diego Police was the first local agency to ban the restraint technique and was soon followed by several other departments:Carlsbad Police DepartmentChula Vista Police DepartmentCoronado Police DepartmentEl Cajon Police DepartmentEscondido Police DepartmentLa Mesa Police DepartmentNational City Police DepartmentOceanside Police DepartmentSan Diego Community College Police DepartmentSan Diego County Sheriff’s DepartmentSan Diego Harbor Police DepartmentSan Diego State University Police DepartmentSan Diego Unified School District Police DepartmentUniversity of San Diego Police DepartmentNewsom said that hold has no place in the 21st century. 1278

ROCKVILLE, Md. — It’s been a long, empty year at many schools across the country and for those who work there.“It has been one of the most watershed year in my 30-some years of education that I've ever seen,” said Karin Tulchinsky Cohen, an assistant principal at Beall Elementary School in Montgomery County, Maryland. Montgomery County is home to the largest school district in the state. The more than 11,000 teachers in the district, like many all over the world, face tough challenges brought on by virtual learning.“Their stress levels have been very, very high,” she said.Recognizing that, the school district partnered with Kaiser Permanente for “RISE,” which stands for “Resilience In School Environments,” part of their Thriving Schools program to offer more programs and resources to help teachers improve their own mental health and coping abilities.“The effort of just having to overdo it on the screen so that your students can stay engaged, one, and continue to learn. I mean, they've just had to grow their repertoire so much,” said Erin VanLuven, a licensed clinical social worker at Kaiser Permanente.Some of what they do also involves yoga and virtual dance parties.“People that can regulate their own emotions when crisis comes into their life, you know, they are much more able to be effective and efficient and they're much more likely to bounce back,” VanLuven said.Among VanLuven's three main suggestions to strengthen mental health are the following:Make sure to give yourself a “bio-break,” which includes deep breathing or even stretching for a few minutesTry to eat at least two healthy meals a day that include fruits and vegetables, because that impacts your overall health, including mental healthTake up a hobby you enjoy and do it“Everybody should be taking care of their emotional wellness, and it doesn't really take much more than 10 to 30 minutes a day,” VanLuven said.For educators, the advice and camaraderie with fellow teachers have helped. Kaiser Permanente is working with school districts in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore areas, with plans to expand those programs elsewhere.“I am so proud of the teachers in my school and all teachers,” said Tulchinsky Cohen. “They have adapted so beautifully.”It’s a way of adapting to a new way of doing things, for now. 2314

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — A man charged with killing a rookie California police officer made his first brief court appearance Monday wearing a four-inch gauze pad covering what officials said was a self-inflicted injury.Adel Sambrano Ramos was appointed a public defender during a five-minute court hearing, and spoke only to acknowledge his name.Ramos, 45, faces a murder charge that could bring him the death penalty in Wednesday's slaying of 26-year-old Sacramento Officer Tara O'Sullivan. He's also charged with attempting to murder her training officer and with possessing two illegal assault-style rifles.He did not enter a plea.Assistant Chief Deputy District Attorney Rod Norgaard defended police from criticism that they took 45 minutes to rescue O'Sullivan with an armored vehicle because they were pinned down by rifle fire that could penetrate standard bulletproof vests."There was nothing that could have been done to save her life," he said after the hearing. "The nature of that injury is such that it could happen in an emergency room and she would not be save-able. So I find it very disheartening that people are criticizing the police response time to evacuate her. That has no merit whatsoever."He also took exception to questions of whether O'Sullivan was properly trained."Nothing in the training or lack thereof is the cause of this," he said. "There is an individual responsible for this, not law enforcement."Assistant Public Defender Diane Howard declined comment, as did Police Chief Daniel Hahn, who sat quietly in the back of the courtroom. Hahn was one of at least a dozen uniformed police officers and deputies watching as the hearing unfolded.Ramos was shackled at the hands, waist and ankles and surrounded by three deputies in the courtroom's holding cage. Two more stood just outside the cage.He was wearing a standard orange jail uniform during the hearing, though officials said that has been taken away from him at the jail after he tried to harm himself Sunday morning.Ramos suffered "some self-inflicted head wounds. He had smashed his head against a bed frame in his cell," Sacramento County Sheriff's Sgt. Tess Deterding said before the hearing.Jail employees immediately stopped him from further injury and took him to an outside hospital, she said. He was returned to the jail 12 hours later.He's now in a psychiatric wing of the jail "where we've taken even further precautions to make sure he doesn't hurt himself like that," Deterding said.He is under constant watch in what is called a safety cell, which has no bunk or other furnishings."Obviously we can't take away the walls and floor," she said, but "there's nothing inside the room. It's just basically four walls."He is provided a thin mattress and what is known as a suicide smock instead of regular jail garb: "It's tear-resistant, things like that, they can't turn it into a noose," she said. There are mental health employees in that unit in the event they are needed or requested by Ramos.Ramos also has had no contact with other inmates since he arrived.Memorial services for a O'Sullivan are set for Thursday at the Bayside Church's Adventure Campus in Roseville, California. She was fatally shot during a domestic violence call as she and other officers helped an unidentified woman pack her belongings from the garage of a North Sacramento home, authorities said.Authorities said Ramos was heavily armed with assault rifles, a shotgun and a handgun and fired dozens of times at officers during an hours-long standoff before surrendering. 3558

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — Gov. Gavin Newsom formally apologized Tuesday for violence, mistreatment and neglect inflicted on Native Americans throughout California's history, saying it amounted to genocide and pushing the state to reckon with its dark past.The Democratic governor met with tribal leaders at the future site of the California Indian Heritage Center, where he also announced the creation of a council to examine the state's role in campaigns of extermination and exploitation.Throughout history, the California government was key to efforts to remove and kill Native Americans who lived on land that would become part of what is now the world's fifth-largest economy."Genocide. No other way to describe it, and that's the way it needs to be described in the history books," Newsom said.Joseph L. James, chairman of the Yurok Tribe, which has territory near the Northern California coast, said it is significant to hear the governor acknowledge the state's efforts to eliminate indigenous communities around the time of the Gold Rush."It was a step into healing," he said.James said he hopes the governor maintains a close relationship with tribes on a range of issues, including the protection of natural resources and prevention of wildfires.Newsom is not the first to apologize for the treatment of Native Americans.Congress tucked an apology in a 2009 military spending bill, acknowledging "years of official depredations, ill-conceived policies, and the breaking of covenants by the federal government regarding Indian tribes."Last year, then-Alaska Gov. Bill Walker issued an apology to the state's indigenous people, listing a series of wrongs.Other governors have apologized for specific episodes in history, from the killing of Arapaho and Cheyenne people in the Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 to the forced move of Potawatomi people from Indiana to Kansas in 1838 on what has become known as a trail of death.Newsom pointed to California's efforts to remove American Indians as people flooded the state searching for gold in the mid-19th century.California's first governor, Peter Burnett, declared to legislators in 1851 "that a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the two races until the Indian race becomes extinct must be expected."The Legislature subsequently approved .29 million to subsidize militia campaigns against American Indians, Newsom's office said.Like other states in the U.S. West, California has seen renewed debate about its treatment of indigenous people.Stanford University announced last year it would remove the name of Spanish missionary and Catholic saint Junipero Serra from some parts of campus following criticism over his treatment of Native Americans.And in recent years, some schools have abandoned what was once a common project in elementary classrooms around California: building models of Spanish missions, which were constructed in real life with the forced labor of Native Americans.California has the largest proportion of American Indians in the United States. About 723,000 residents identified as American Indian during the 2010 census. 3127

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