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Too few new antibiotics are under development to combat the threat of multidrug-resistant infections, according to a new World Health Organization report published Tuesday. Adding to the concern: It is likely that the speed of increasing resistance will outpace the slow drug development process.As of May, a total of 51 antibiotics and 11 biologicals -- medical products often made from natural sources -- are being developed, the new report said."The idea is that biologicals could replace use of antibiotics, which could help in overcoming the resistance problem," Peter Beyer, an author of the report and senior adviser to the WHO's Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, wrote in an email.Seemingly, this large number of potential new drugs should suffice, yet it is not nearly enough.First, just 33 of the antibiotics in the pipeline target priority pathogens. This year, the WHO published a list of a dozen "priority pathogens": 12 separate families of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health.Among the priority pathogens is a drug-resistant tuberculosis, which kills about 250,000 people around the world each year, and a variety of multidrug resistant strains -- Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and various Enterobacteriaceae -- which are responsible for infections in hospitals and nursing homes and among patients whose care requires ventilators and catheters.Of the 33 potential medicines for treating priority bug infections, only eight are innovative treatments. The other 25 are simple modifications of existing families of antibiotics. At best, then, the 25 will serve as short-term solutions since it is expected bacteria will quickly adapt to and resist these new (though somewhat familiar) drugs, according to the WHO."It is difficult to speculate why companies develop specific new medicines," Beyer noted. "But in general many new treatments do not necessarily constitute advances over existing treatments."TB infections require a combination of at least three antibiotics, according to the new report, yet only seven of the new TB medicines are even in clinical trials. Soon, there will be a serious lack of treatment options for this infection, the report warns.The same is true for gram-negative pathogens, which can cause severe, often deadly infections typically in hospitals and nursing homes.Gram-negative bacteria have more complex cell walls than gram-positive, explained Beyer. "In a nutshell, it is more complex to develop a novel antibiotic that can penetrate the complex gram-negative cell wall and stay inside the bacterium," he wrote.Finally, the WHO sees too few oral antibiotics being developed. These are necessary "to target the critical priority pathogens (and) be accessible in low- and middle-income countries," Beyer noted.To address the problem of developing new antibiotics, the WHO and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative set up the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership. However, new drugs alone cannot combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance. The WHO is also working to improve infection prevention and control while developing guidance for the responsible use of antibiotics."Always seek medical advice before taking antibiotics and then always follow the advice of the health-care professional," Beyer noted.The new report is a "fantastic (and very useful!) summary" of the antibiotic situation, wrote Bill Hanage, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in an email. Hanage, who has also published studies of antibiotic resistance, was not involved in the new report.Although the risk of getting a completely resistant infection is low in the United States, about 2 million people each year become infected with "resistant enough" bacteria that are harder to treat, Hanage said. And every year, more than 20,000 people die of these infections."More resistant infections don't just mean you or someone you care about is more likely to die from one, they also mean healthcare will get even more expensive," Hanage said. "Many of the procedures we take for granted in medicine, from cancer treatments to surgeries, depend on our ability to handle infections that happen in the course of treatment."The number of new drugs in development is simply not enough, he said."The great majority will not make it into the hands of doctors or your treatment," Hanage wrote. "As the report states, for drugs to be used in humans they have to pass 3 hurdles, the phase 1, 2 and 3 trials. Drugs entering that pipeline have just a 14% chance of getting all the way through to be used in humans." 4676

Toys "R" Us is on its way out, but KB Toys is set to pop back up.Strategic Marks, a company that buys and revitalizes defunct brands, owns the KB name and plans to open 1,000 pop-up KB Toys stores for Black Friday and the holiday shopping season."My assumption is that there's about half a billion dollars worth of toys that have been produced for Toys "R" Us with no place to go," said Strategic Marks president Ellia Kassoff, in a phone interview with CNNMoney. "That's a big, big void that we're hoping to fill up."Toys "R" Us, which filed for bankruptcy last year, announced last week that it expects to close all of its 735 stores in the US. Those closures will put 31,000 people out of work and hurt toy manufacturers that depended on the national retailer for distribution.Kassoff said he's been in contact with Hasbro Inc. and Mattel, Inc. and up to 200 smaller toy suppliers who are looking for new brick and mortar retailers. He said he plans to take advantage of a glut of toy manufacturers that have inventory but no place to sell it.To get a quick retail footprint, Kassoff said he's working with companies that specialize in holiday and pop-up retail, like Spencer Spirit Holdings Inc., Go! Retail Group, and Party City Holdco Inc."We're talking to companies that know how to do it, they have a methodology, they're used to rolling out stuff real quickly," he said.After the holiday shopping season ends, Kassoff will decide which of the pop-up stores will become permanent, based on their performance and whether he can negotiate a lease.Strategic Marks bought the KB Toys brand from Bain Capital in 2016. Bain is the same company that bought Toys "R" Us and took it private in 2006, a process that left the toy company?saddled with .3 billion in debt, from which it never recovered. 1843

Thousands called for a boycott of Goya — the producer of dozens of Latin American staple foods — after the company's CEO praised President Donald Trump at a Thursday event at the White House.At an event prior to his signing of a Hispanic Prosperity Initiative executive order, Trump hosted Latin American leaders at the White House. Among those was Robert Unanue, the CEO of Goya foods, who called the president a "builder," and added that "we are all truly blessed to have a leader like President Trump."Unanue's comments sparked outrage among many, given Trump's past racially-charged against Latin Americans and immigrants. On the day he announced his campaign for the presidency, Trump referred to immigrants from Mexico as "rapists" and "criminals." 762

This election season, Demetrius Short is hustling to get his people to the polls.“We have the wonderful opportunity as African American men to be here today,” Short said to a group of young African American voters outside a polling site in Nashville, Tennessee. “The next John Lewis might be right here.”Short is the founder and CEO of the Transformation Life Center and Steps of Success 5K, nonprofits mentoring youth living in underserved communities. Now, Short and his team are using physical fitness to inspire political change by leading young Black men on runs and talking about becoming better people afterwards.“Going out, taking your niece and nephew that may not have a father, being that father or mother example to them and just be the change you want to see,” Short said.During this presidential election, Short is reaching out to college students from Fisk University, a private historically Black college in Nashville.“We’re here to come out here and inspire change in our community and inspire young people to really vote,” said Myles Harris, a recent Fisk University graduate.Harris says he is motivated to get more members of African American communities to have their voices heard and their votes counted.“A lot of people don’t vote because they don’t see the point, they don’t understand why it’s so important,” he said.Many members in the local African American community do understand the importance of this election and are calling this political movement inspiring.“Us Black folks are still fighting. It’s time for a change, man,” said Norman T. Wilson. “So, it’s good that they are trying to get them to vote. votes matter, whoever they vote for.”According to the Pew Research Center, the Black voter turnout rate declined in 2016, falling to 59.6% after reaching a record-high 66.6% in 2012.That’s a trend Short wants to change, not by swaying young people’s votes, but through politics, one step and one vote at a time“We don’t have to riot. We don’t have to do it the bad way,” he said. “We can go to the polls and we can do it the democratic way. The way that our country, I believe our country was set up to do." 2151

This year has been, unique, to say the least, and the holidays will be different and maybe lacking some familiar comfort food from family. Taco Bell is bringing back a menu item to give fans warmth and tradition.Nacho Fries will be available at participating locations nationwide starting on December 24. This is the second time this year the item will be available.“In a year as difficult and uncertain as this one was, we know that consumers crave the comforts they love most. That’s why we’re excited to bring back Nacho Fries for our passionate fans to close out this year and kick off 2021 positively and deliciously,” said Nikki Lawson, Taco Bell’s Chief Global Brand Officer, in a press release.Nacho Fries first appeared on the Taco Bell menu in January 2018.The fries are seasoned with what Taco Bell refers to as Mexican spices and served with a side of nacho cheese sauce.Other new menu items will be available on Christmas Eve, including a nacho taco, cravings pack and a new bacon chalupa. 1010

来源：资阳报