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WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

BEIJING, May 21 (Xinhua) -- China's State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) issued a circular on Friday banning the use of Nimesulide, an anti-inflammatory drug, for children under the age of 12, considering potential side-effects such as liver and kidney damage.Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that first became available in Italy in 1985. It is now used in more than 50 countries and regions.The drug entered Chinese markets in 1997.According to the SFDA, while common adverse reactions to the drug include vomiting and stomache, domestic and overseas statistics indicate that more severe issues are related to the drug, such as blood coagulation disorders, decreased white blood cells and damage to liver and kidney.Previously, the SFDA only prevented the use of the drug among children one year old or younger.Also on Friday, the SFDA ordered the suspension of the production, sales and use of Duxil (almitrine and raubasine compound) due to its "unobvious" efficacy.According to the SFDA, clinical research found "little" evidence proving the drug effectively improves the cognitive ability for patients suffering vascular cognitive impairment.The drug was supposed to treat symptoms related to cognition and sensory nerve damage.The moves came after a two-month nationwide campaign was launched earlier this month to probe the quality of essential drugs and ensure drug safety.Official figures show that China's National Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring received 692,904 reports of adverse reactions in 2010, up 8.4 percent compared with those in 2009.Among the total, 109,991 cases involved new or severe adverse reactions, a year-on-year increase of 16.2 percent.

SAN FRANCISCO, May 25 (Xinhua) -- Micro-blogging service Twitter on Wednesday confirmed that it has bought TweetDeck, a London-based startup that develops application to help people organize information posted on Twitter."Today, we're pleased to announce that the TweetDeck team has joined Twitter," Dick Costolo, Twitter's chief executive officer (CEO), said in a blog post."This acquisition is an important step forward for us. TweetDeck provides brands, publishers, marketers and others with a powerful platform to track all the real-time conversations they care about," he added.Founded in 2008, TweetDeck now has a team of 15 and offers a real-time application that allows users to monitor abundance of information from social media services including Twitter in a single concise view."Change may well be inevitable, but we remain the same team, staying in London, with the same focus and products, and now with the support and resources to allow us to grow and take on even bigger challenges," Iain Dodsworth, founder and CEO of TweetDeck, noted in a separate blog post.The deal is a defensive move for Twitter aimed at preventing TweetDeck from being purchased by rivals, some analysts said.Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed, but technology blog site TechCrunch and other U.S. media reported that Twitter paid 40 million to 50 million U.S. dollars.

LOS ANGELES, May 29 (Xinhua) -- Nineteen percent of

NEW DELHI, March 16 (Xinhua) -- The Indian government has ordered food originating from Japan to be tested for radiation in the wake of explosions at a Japanese nuclear plant following a devastating earthquake-tsunami last Friday, reported local media Wednesday.Authorized officers of Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) at Indian ports, airports have been asked by the government to get food originating from Japan after March 11, 2011 to be tested for radiation, according to Press Trust of India.The Department of Revenue, Government of India, has also been requested to advise all the customs points in the country where imported food is cleared, to test samples on similar lines, according to the report.