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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — July 4th weekend has arrived in San Diego, guaranteeing plenty of fun around town for the family.On Thursday, there are plenty of celebrations and fireworks displays to check out around the county. See our maps below for a look at where to catch a spectacular display above San Diego.This weekend, San Diego Pride gets going with She Fest, celebrating the talents and contributions of women within and between the LGBT and larger San Diego communities.MORE: Don't see anything you like? Check out our event calendar for even more local eventsThe U.S. women's national soccer team walks into the World Cup final Sunday, and Petco Park is celebrating with a massive watch party at Park at the Park.And San Diego Comic-Con gets an early start with Superheroes' Night Out at the New Children's Museum and the PAWmicon animal adoption event and festival in Balboa Park.Here's a look at this weekend's events:THURSDAYJuly 4 celebrationsWhere: Throughout San Diego County; Cost: VariesAcross San Diego County, several cities will be holding their own Fourth of July celebrations, from fireworks to festivals. For a look at celebrations happening across San Diego, click here. If fireworks are your thing, click here for a look at fireworks displays around the county.The Cado pop-up museum Where: North City; Cost: - (Thursday - Sunday) "The Cado" pop-up museum opens in San Marcos' North City development, bringing interactive art installations like the Ripe Room, Haas Hall, and The Pit Stop to guests who want to dig deeper into the fruit.Summer SafariWhere: San Diego Zoo Safari Park; Cost: Starting at Summer Safari returns to the Safari Park from May 25 to Sept. 1, bringing live music, arts and crafts, pop-up entertainment, up-close animal experiences, and more fun activities for families to enjoy.FRIDAYRooftop Cinema Club: Pretty WomanWhere: Manchester Grand Hyatt; Cost: - Enjoy a movie under the stars as Rooftop Cinema screens Pretty Woman on the Manchester Grand Hyatt's fourth-floor terrace. The outdoor venue hosts bottomless popcorn, cocktails, games, and of course city views under the stars.WonderspacesWhere: B Street Pier; Cost: Free - The popular, unique art show Wonderspaces hits San Diego with immersive, interactive exhibits sure to spark your imagination, including exhibits filled with helium-filled globes and 3,700 thin multicolor nylon cords.Food Truck FridayWhere: Balboa Park; Cost: Free to attendThe end of the week special brings together several food trucks for delicious fare and live entertainment by local performers. Large family game sets are also rolled out at the plaza's "living room" setup. Some of Balboa Park's museum and educational institutions set up booths during the events to offer hands-on activities and crafts for kids. Some museums also offer special late-night hours.SATURDAYSuperheros' Night OutWhere: New Children's Museum; Cost: - It's a superheroes' night out at the New Children’s Museum’s, where kids are invited to come dress up in masks and capes for an after-hours party with dinner, drinks, entertainment, a costume contest, access to the Museum’s art installations, superhero-themed activities and more.She FestWhere: North Park Community Park; Cost: FreeShe Fest is a festival that celebrates and supports the talents and contributions of women while fostering meaningful connections within and between the LGBT and larger San Diego communities. The festival highlights San Diego Pride next weekend.Horizon Music FestivalWhere: Embarcadero Marina Park North; Cost: - Big Boi of Outkast headlines Horizon Music Festival with Elephante and others, showcasing a blend of relaxation and good beats, dancing, delicious food and drink, and more. SUNDAYWorld Cup watch partyWhere: Petco Park; Cost: FreeThe Park at the Park is hosting the final match in the Women's World Cup featuring the U.S. women's team as they look to hold on to their title. Gates open to the public at 7:30 a.m. and will remain open for the match. Select concessions will also be open in the park to purchase. A live DJ will be on hand for music, along with appearances by the Pad Squad, photo opportunities, giveaway items and interactive activities. Tanabata FestivalWhere: Japanese Friendship Garden; Cost: - Celebrate Tanabata, the meeting of the stars Orihime and Hikoboshi in the Milky Way galaxy on the seventh day of the seventh month, in Balboa Park with festival foods, carnival games, cultural performances, demonstrations, and more at Japanese Friendship Garden.PAWmiconWhere: Comic-Con Museum, Balboa Park; Cost: Helen Woodward Animal Center will host their annual PAWmicon, a free dog- and kid-friendly event to get families into the Comic-Con spirit and celebrate their canine companions. A costume contest will be held for both dogs and owners, and the event will also feature music, games, comic-themed prizes, and dog goodies. 4946

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It's time to put on your thinking cap and prove fact from fiction.The Fleet Science Center welcomes "MythBusters: The Explosive Exhibition" Feb. 24 through Sept. 3, bringing with it all the scientific chaos from the hit Discovery Channel show.The exhibition welcomes San Diegans into an interactive museum of props from the show, myths to bust or prove themselves, and more scientific fun to learn about in exciting ways.EXPLORING SAN DIEGO: More events to check out in San DiegoMythbusters hosts Brian Louden and Jon Lung, who have taken over for former leads Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, spoke with 10News about the new exhibit and what fans of the show — and science, in general — can expect."You finally get to be hands on. You get to be part of MythBusters," Louden said. "In MythBusters, you're always the third man in the room. Well now the room is here at the exhibit and you get to be apart of the show.""Everything you do has a story that comes with it and I think, in terms of retention and learning, it makes everything easier and more fun," Lung added.EXPLORING SAN DIEGO: San Diego restaurants on Yelp's 'Top 100' places to eat this yearVisitors to the exhibit will learn about everything from friction and flight to gravity and speed. Some of the experiences include: 1336

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s decision time for the San Diego Padres, who are trying to choose the right candidate to replace fired manager Andy Green.Widespread reports, confirmed by 10News, indicate the Padres have narrowed their search to two very different candidates.The first is 38-year-old Jayce Tingler, who has worked in a variety of coaching and front office roles with the Texas Rangers, but has no Major League managerial experience.RELATED: Padres' Yates wins Baseball Digest's top reliever awardThe second is 67-year-old Ron Washington, who managed the Texas Rangers to back-to-back World Series appearances in 2010 and 2011, before stepping down in 2014. He's currently the 3rd base coach for the Atlanta Braves.The Padres have previously stated a preference for an experienced manager, which could give Washington the edge. But the decision largely rests on the shoulders of general manager A.J. Preller, who is said to be high on Tingler’s ability to communicate with players in English and Spanish along with his understanding of baseball analytics.The timing of the decision remains unknown but both candidates were in San Diego this past week for second interviews with club officials.RELATED: Padres to unveil new 2020 uniforms in NovemberThe team fire Green days before the conclusion of the regular season. Green manned a 274-366 record during his four seasons with the team.Following Green's dismissal, Preller said "the biggest thing I know is we’re better than what we’ve shown," during a media conference. He added that he felt the team needed a "different voice, different direction" moving into the 2020 season."It's a big decision. You don't want to be sitting here in this spot again," Preller told media on hiring a new manager. "It'll be a good process. It'll be detailed." 1808

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- In 2014, the Whittingtons shared their story about their first-born child in a video that went viral.Ryland was born a girl. “As soon as Ryland could speak, she would scream, ‘I am a boy!’” the video explained. As Ryland got older, the feelings got stronger.After consulting professionals and experts, parents Jeff and Hillary Whittington came to the conclusion Ryland was transgender. For their child’s well-being, they decided to allow him to transition as soon as possible.Today, the YouTube video about Ryland's journey has more than 8 million views.In a 2016 interview with 10News, Jeff Whittington explained some of the criticism his family received. “They think that this is something that just happened overnight. We just made this split-second decision and our son said, ‘I feel like a boy.’ And we said great. And that wasn’t the case,” he said.Hillary Whittington wrote a book about their journey, Raising Ryland."I think people are definitely opening their minds a lot more,” Hillary Whittington said, as she reflected on their family’s journey over the past several years.Jeff explained how they try to deal with those who do not agree with their family’s decision. “We recognize that a lot of that comes from background, stories, and experiences they’ve had. We tend to take that negativity and try and understand what the source of that may be and try and find empathy for those that are critical,” he said.Ryland, now 12-years-old, said he is comfortable with his story being so public. “I know it helps a lot of people,” he said.Last year, his family hosted a “coming out party” to share with loved ones. Ryland gave a speech in front of his friends and others close to him. “It’s not a secret, but for many years I’ve kept it private because I was afraid you might treat me differently or not look at me the same if you knew,” he said. “When I was born, the doctors told me that I was a girl. But they were wrong. In my head and in my heart, I’ve always been a boy.”Ryland is about to enter seventh grade. He loves math and sports—his favorites are ice hockey and lacrosse.He shared what Pride month means to him. “Pride month is just a month of showing who you are and showing that you support who people want to be,” Ryland said.“We’re grateful for who our kids are. They’ve taught us so much about life and I wouldn’t a thing about them,” Hillary said.For those who still have negative things to say about their family, Ryland’s 8-year-old sister shared her thoughts. “I would want to say to them that I don’t care what they think and that I am happy to be who I am and who my family is,” Bryn said.“She took the words right out of my mouth!” Ryland echoed. 2706

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