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BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhuanet) -- Almost one in four Chinese students aged between 12 and 14 have tried smoking, according to the results of a survey released by the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (CATC).The survey, carried out among 38,839 students and 6,503 teachers from middle and high schools in 11 provinces across the country between May and June, showed that 22.5 percent of students aged between 12 and 14 had tried smoking and that 15.8 percent of middle and high school students smoke regularly."There are definitely quite a number of boy students in my class who smoke regularly as some have been found smoking outside campus during lunch break," said Li Xiaolan, an English teacher from a high school in Shanghai. The survey also found that 39 percent of students took their first cigarette from their classmates."It was quite common to smoke with my classmates at school and we usually smoked in toilets or in corners of the playground after lunch," said Zhou Guangrong, a 22-year-old university student from Guiyang, Guizhou province, who started smoking when he was 12.The majority of student smokers buy cigarettes themselves and about 76 percent of the adolescent smokers said that there is at least one cigarette shop within 200 meters from their school."When I was a student at middle and high schools, they were surrounded by cigarette shops," said Zhou who used to smoke two cigarettes per day in primary school and two packs per week in middle and high school."We're keen to show that more adolescents are starting smoking much younger than before, and that we need to minimize the number of young smokers," said Duan Jiali, secretary-general of the youth tobacco control commission under CATC. Duan added that teachers and parents should set a good example for teenagers by not smoking in front of them at school or at home, which is the most influential way of stopping adolescents from smoking.China banned smoking in 16 types of public indoor venues - including hospitals, schools, bars, restaurants and hotels - on May 1 in an attempt to curb tobacco use in the country with the world's largest number of smokers.Currently, there are more than 300 million smokers in China, and about 1.2 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year, accounting for one-fifth of the world's total, according to statistics from the World Health Organization."Meanwhile, about 540 million people are exposed to secondhand smoke, 48.9 percent of which are adolescents (from 15 to 19 years old)," said Xu Guihua, deputy director of the CATC."It's essential and urgent for us to control the number of adult smokers who potentially tempt adolescents to smoke."

CHICAGO, Aug. 25 (Xinhua) -- Gold futures on the COMEX Division of the New York Mercantile Exchange on Thursday bounced off the biggest drop since March 2008, as the weakness in stock market enhanced appeal of gold as a safe-have investment.The most active gold contract for Dec. delivery gained 5.9 U.S. dollars, or 0.3 percent, to 1,763.2 dollars per ounce. The metal suffered on Wednesday the biggest one-day drop since March 19, 2008.Market analysts said that gold extended losses in earlier trading, hit by a margin-requirement increase, but the drop in global stock market gave a push to the metal. Both Dow Jones industrial average and S&P 500 declined on Thursday after a 3-day rise as a government report showed U.S. jobless claims rose last week.Besides, market hearsay went that Germany might be next to get a sovereign-debt downgrade, adding to the positive tone on gold market. German equity market also suffered sharp drop in the day.Many market watchers remained long-term bullish attitude toward gold although they said the precious metal could correct further in the short term. A trader noted that the fundamental factors driving uncertainty and fears are all still there.Expectations are growing that the Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke would not provide any form of stimulus in a speech scheduled for Friday at a yearly gathering of central bankers in Jackson Hole.Silver for Sept. delivery also rose 1.583 dollars, or four percent, to 40.745 dollars per ounce. Platinum for Oct. delivery lost 3.9 dollars, or 0.2 percent, to 1822.4 dollars per ounce.

BEIJING, Sept. 2 (Xinhuanet) -- Firefighters who worked in the wreckage of the World Trade Center in 2001 were 19 percent more likely to develop cancer than those who were not there, according to a study.The study, published Thursday in the British medical journal The Lancet, surveyed cancer occurrence in nearly 10,000 male firefighters in the seven years after Sept. 11, 2001. (There were too few women to create a meaningful sample size.)The 9/11 attacks occurred on Tuesday, Sept. 11, 2001. As a result, the World Trade Center collapsed, and nearly 3,000 Americans killed. Among the 2,753 victims killed in the World Trade Center were 343 firefighters.There were 263 cancer cases in the exposed population, showing a cancer rate 19 percent higher than that of the group not exposed.The study indicated that cancers like melanoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, thyroid and prostate cancer occurred more frequently among exposed firefighters than in the general population. But occurrences of lung cancer did not increase.The findings “provide information that there may be a significant cancer risk for these people”, said Dr. James Melius, the administrator of the New York State Laborers’ Health and Safety Trust Fund and one of the peer reviewers of the study.But the results were far from conclusive. “This is not an epidemic,” said Dr. David J. Prezant, a lead researcher and the chief medical officer for the New York Fire Department.

BEIJING, August 1 (Xinhuanet) -- U.S. researchers have discovered a genetic mutation unique to African Americans that links to heighten their asthma risk, according to reports published on Sunday in the journal Nature Genetics.Researchers of University of Chicago found a gene, PYHIN1, and its variations may account for asthma risk in people of African descent. In their study, they examined data from nine previous genome-wide association studies, totaling more than 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 3,246 asthma patients and 3,385 control patient, 1,702 patient-parent groupings, 355 family-based cases, and 468 family-based controls.In the study, the researchers found that between 26 percent and 29 percent of people of African-descent carried at least one copy of the gene.  In particular, one polymorphism of the gene was 34 percent more likely found in African-American and Afro-Caribbean people with asthma.  More interestingly, this variant of the gene is rarely found in Caucasian people and in Latino population, it was found in less than 5 percent.This new variant is part of a family of genes linked with the body's response to viral infections. It is thought to be involved in interferon signaling, which could influence the occurrence of asthma.The team stressed that each gene variant on its own plays only a small role in increasing asthma risk, but that risk could be multiplied when combined with other risk genes and with environmental factors.