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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

BEIJING, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- The State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), the country's largest electric power transmission and distribution company, said Saturday that the power supply will be sufficient during the upcoming Spring Festival holiday.Thermal power plants currently have 89.34 million tonnes of coal, which is enough for 20 days of power generation.Meanwhile, the country's electricity consumption is expected to fall by 40 percent during the holiday which lasts from Jan. 22 to Jan. 28, as many factories suspend production during the period, SGCC said.The company said it will keep a close eye on the cold weather, strengthen inspections and maintenance of high-voltage grids, and take precautions to minimize the impact of snow and freezing rain on power transmission.

NEW YORK, Oct. 14 (Xinhua) -- The iPhone 4S went on sale at Apple store on the Fifth Avenue of Manhattan in New York early Friday.An Apple store worker said people were waiting outside the store around 3 p.m. Thursday and underwent an overnight rain for an early purchase of the smart phone which started sale at 8 a.m. Friday.About 200 people were seen lining up outside the store and some of them said they would like to pay tribute to Steve Jobs, Apple's longtime CEO who died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 56 on Oct. 5."I'm a Steve's fan, iPhone 4S is the best of Steve's work. I am not going to buy iPhone 5,"Jim Bedford, who is in his 30s, said. "Maybe this is my last iPhone," he added.People left a Steve's picture, flowers and apples on the sidewalk to pay respect to Apple's co-founder. Some apples were seen inscribed such words as "Nice job" and "We will always remember you."Tom White, 50, said he had iPhone 1 and 3 and "now is the time to change a new one."The iPhone 4S is operated seven times faster than their predecessor and features an upgraded camera. Apple reported more than 1 million pre-orders for the iPhone 4S, breaking a mark set by last year's model. The phone also went on sale Friday in six other countries -- Britain,Germany,France,Australia, Canada and Japan.

CANNES, France, Nov. 3 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Thursday urged the world's major economies to work together to promote growth and financial stability."It is imperative that we stand on a higher plane, transcend differences on specific issues, move beyond short-term considerations, and jointly seek ways to overcome the crisis and sustain development," Hu told the Group of 20 (G20) summit here."At this critical moment, the G20 must work to address the key problems, boost market confidence, defuse risks and meet challenges and promote global economic growth and financial stability," said Hu.As the premier forum for international economic cooperation, the G20 must continue to demonstrate the spirit of standing together in times of adversity and pursuing win-win cooperation, he said.The Chinese president said "the current world economic situation deserves our high attention," cautioning the global recovery is fraught with instability and uncertainty and faces growing risks and challenges.Some major economies are experiencing economic slowdown and some countries are facing acute sovereign debt problems, said Hu.He also cited volatility in the international financial markets, and high inflationary pressure in emerging markets.Hu put forward a five-point proposal on what G20 nations need to do to tide over the crisis.First, the countries should ensure growth while paying attention to balance. Given the serious risks facing the global economy and continued market volatility, ensuring growth and promoting stability should be the top priority, he said."We should introduce new and strong measures to ensure that fiscal and monetary policies are fully implemented and that funding is channeled into the real economy to boost production and employment."Second, the G20 nations should strengthen unity and send a strong signal to the world as there is widespread panic and acute lack of confidence in the markets, said Hu.He urged G20 members to strengthen consultation and coordination, tackle sovereign debt risks, regulate cross-border capital flow, put the fluctuation of commodity prices under control, mitigate global inflationary pressure and make sure that the economic policies pursued by various countries do not offset each other.Third, global economic governance should be improved through reform, Hu said.The international financial crisis has highlighted the deficiencies in the global economic governance system, said Hu."Major efforts should be made to reform and improve the international monetary system, international trading system and commodity pricing mechanism," said the Chinese president.

BEIJING, Oct. 27 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study shows that it's not simply a lack of willpower that explains weight regain but hormones keep one insisting on eating, a persistent biological urge. As any dieter knows, it's hard to keep weight off. Weight regain is a familiar problem for dieters. The research appears in Thursday's issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. To study what drives it, Proietto and his colleagues enrolled 50 overweight or obese patients in Australia in a 10-week diet program. On average, the participants lost almost 30 pounds in the 10 weeks - faster than the standard advice of losing a pound or two per week. Even so, they gained an average of 12 pounds back over the next year. The scientists checked the blood levels of nine hormones known to influence appetite - and found that even a year after the end of the weight-loss program, six of the hormones were still out of whack. People who regain weight should not be harsh on themselves, as eating is our most basic instinct, study author Joseph Proietto of the University of Melbourne in Australia said. It's better not to gain weight than to try to lose it.

来源：资阳报