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WASHINGTON, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) -- An enzyme that appears to play a role in controlling the brain's response to nicotine and alcohol in mice might be a promising target for a drug that simultaneously would treat nicotine addiction and alcohol abuse in people, U.S. researchers find.Over the course of four weeks, mice genetically engineered to lack the gene for protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon consumed less of a nicotine-containing water solution than normal mice, and were less likely to return to a chamber in which they had been given nicotine. In contrast, normal mice steadily increased their consumption of nicotine solution while the mice lacking PKC epsilon did not.The study conducted by researchers at the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, appeared Monday in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.In normal mice, as in humans, nicotine binds to a certain class of nicotinic receptors located on dopamine neurons, which causes dopamine to be released in the brain. Dopamine creates a feeling of enjoyment, and thus prompts a sense of reward. Researchers found that mice lacking PKC epsilon are deficient in these nicotinic receptors.The finding complements earlier research in which researchers found that mice genetically engineered to lack the PKC epsilon enzyme drank less alcohol than normal mice and were disinclined to return to a chamber in which they had been given alcohol."This could mean that these mice might not get the same sense of reward from nicotine or alcohol," said Gallo senior associate director and investigator Robert Messing. "The enzyme looks like it regulates the part of the reward system that involves these nicotinic receptors."The reward system is a complex of areas in the brain that affect craving for nicotine, alcohol and other addictive substances.The next step in the research, said Messing, would be to develop compounds that inhibit PKC epsilon. The ultimate goal, he added, would be medications that could be used "to take the edge off of addiction by helping people get over some of their reward craving."

SAN FRANCISCO, July 6 (Xinhua) -- Facebook on Wednesday introduced a new video calling feature powered by Skype and some improvements to the chat designs on the social networking site.According to Facebook, users can reach video calling from a new "Call" button on a friend's profile or from the chat panel after downloading a Skype application. A recipient will receive an alert that they are being called and can then accept or decline.At the press event held at Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, California, CEO Mark Zuckerberg said the feature will begin with one-on-one video chat. Skype CEO Tony Bates, whose company has been acquired by Microsoft, said Skype is considering having its paid product within the Facebook product.The social networking company also introduced "Ad Hoc Group Chat", which enables users to start a group chat instantly without creating a group with those multiple friends at first. The new group chat feature is also available for Facebook's mobile interfaces.Facebook also introduces a sidebar that lists the people a user messages most, enabling users to chat with close friends, professional contacts or co-workers without being interrupted. The sidebar can adjust with the size of users' browser window and automatically appears when the window is wide enough.In the opening remarks at the press event, Zuckerberg confirmed that Facebook had surpassed 750 million monthly active users. He said the company had declined to announce the number earlier because it has become focused on other metrics, like how actively users are sharing information.The CEO said users are now sharing 4 billion "things" on Facebook every day, which grew at an exponential rate compared to the amount users share a year ago."Social networking is at an inflection point," said Zuckerberg, adding that he believes social networking now is more about the strength of connecting people rather than the quantity of users or ubiquity of the technology.Zuckerberg presented a graph to show how Facebook product launches have helped drive the growth of sharing. He said the social network expects more innovations from other companies involved in everything from music to communication to help drive the growth.

BEIJING, June 20 (Xinhuanet) -- More Chinese cities have seen month-on-month declines in the prices of both new and secondhand homes, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Saturday.The NBS said in a statement on its website that month-on-month price growth for new commercial homes was reported in 50 out of the NBS's statistical pool of 70 major cities. That compared to 56 cities reporting month-on-month growth in April.New home prices declined from a month ago in nine cities and stood unchanged in 11 cities, while 27 cities posted smaller monthly price gains, said the NBS.As for resold housing units, 23 cities reported second-hand home price declines month-on-month in May, up from 16 in April. Secondhand home prices stayed unchanged in 11 major cities in May from April, according to the NBS.On a year-on-year basis, the prices of new commercial homes declined in three cities, including Hangzhou and Sanya, both of which were hot spots for real estate speculation in the past. Meanwhile, 36 cities saw lower year-on-year growth, up from 29 in April, said the NBS.Secondhand home prices dropped in four cities from one year ago, while 29 cities reported declines in year-on-year price growth from April.The NBS stopped releasing overall housing prices for 70 major cities in January, citing the fact that overall price figures for the cities failed to reflect regional differences. The NBS is also using a new surveying method to determine price changes.The government has adopted various measures to cool the property market and curb rising prices, including restricting residents in major cities from buying second or third homes, requiring higher down payments for mortgages and instituting new property taxes in the cities of Chongqing and Shanghai.But there has not been a significant drop in home prices. The latest central bank survey of urban bank depositors found that more than one-third of respondents anticipated home prices would remain stable in the second half of the year.The survey, which is carried out quarterly among 20,000 urban bank depositors in 50 major cities, said 25.9 percent of respondents believed prices would continue to rise, while only 18.9 percent expected a decline.Meanwhile, the survey showed that 74.3 percent of residents said housing prices in the second quarter were "too high to afford", almost the same as during the first quarter.Experts and market observers said the Chinese property market is stagnant with home transactions remaining grim and no clear trend in prices.Yang Hongxu, an analyst with the Shanghai-based E-house China Research and Development Institute, said the May figure has continued April's downward trend in prices, but the cooling of the market will happen gradually.The NBS announced on Tuesday that property developers sold 329.32 million square meters of commercial houses nationwide in the first five months of this year, an increase of only 9.1 percent year-on-year.The NBS said that investment in the nation's property sector has maintained strong growth by rising 34.6 percent year-on-year to reach 1.87 trillion yuan (8.6 billion) in the January-May period, which might have been a result of affordable housing investment.Figures from the NBS also reflected that property developers are getting less funding from banks, as the government continued to raise borrowing costs for developers and tighten liquidity in the market.Developers obtained 580.3 billion yuan from domestic loans in the first five months, up 4.6 percent year-on-year. Meanwhile, they used 26.6 billion yuan of foreign investment in the sector, posting a year-on-year rise of 57.3 percent.

BEIJING, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Lenovo Group, China's largest PC maker, said it aims to become the world's second-largest PC provider by the end of this year, China Daily reported Friday.The PC maker will take aggressive action to expand in the international PC market left by its competitors because of strategy adjustment, the English newspaper quoted Liu Chuanzhi, the board chairman of Lenovo, as saying.A few weeks ago, the world's biggest PC maker Hewlett-Packard Corp. said it will spin off its PC sector. Apple Inc's former CEO Steve Jobs resigned."The Chinese market is the starting point for Lenovo, but it won't be the only place Lenovo should put emphasis on. We will set up a more active strategy for expanding in overseas markets," Liu said.The PC maker has long been focusing on the global market. It purchased the PC division of the IBM Corp. a few years ago. In January, it announced a 175-million-U.S.-dollar joint venture with Japan's NEC Corp. In July, Lenovo completed its acquisition of Medion AG, a German multimedia and consumer electronics maker.

ULAN BATOR, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- The Mongolian government has confirmed equine influenza, a disease that mainly affects horses, broke out in 14 provinces.The government's news office announced the confirmation Tuesday after suspected cases were recently discovered in 18 provinces of the country, where horses still play a key role.According to a Mongolian government report, Mongolian Vice Premier M. Enkhbold called a state emergency situation committee meeting on Monday to respond to the epidemic.Millions of horses will need to be vaccinated, given cases of the disease have been discovered in all but three provinces -- Bayan-Ulgii, Zavkhan and Umnugobi.Equine influenza usually broke out in spring and fall, said an official of the Mongolian veterinarian and breeding bureau. He urged vaccination to be carried out as soon as possible.Mongolia has experienced several equine influenza outbreaks in the past few decades. Outbreaks in Khovd province in 2007 and 2008 caused huge losses to the local livestock industry.Animal husbandry is a dominant factor in the agriculture sector of Mongolia, which has more than 40 million livestock, 2 million of which are horses.

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