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WASHINGTON, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- Latest research shows that the Moon could be younger than previous estimates. The findings were published online Wednesday in the Nature journal.The prevailing theory of the Moon's origin is that it was created by a giant impact between a large planet-like object and the proto-Earth. The energy of this impact was sufficiently high that the Moon formed from melted material that was ejected into space. As the Moon cooled, this magma solidified into different mineral components. Analysis of lunar rock samples thought to have been derived from the original magma has given scientists a new estimate of the Moon's age.According to this theory for lunar formation, a rock type called ferroan anorthosite, or FAN, is the oldest of the Moon's crustal rocks, but scientists have had difficulty dating FAN samples. The research team used newly refined techniques to determine the age of a sample of FAN from the lunar rock that was brought back to Earth by the Apollo 16 mission in 1972.The team analyzed the isotopes of the elements lead and neodymium to place the FAN sample's age at 4.36 billion years. This figure is significantly younger than earlier estimates of the Moon's age that range as old as the age of the solar system at 4. 568 billion years. The new, younger age obtained for the oldest lunar crust is similar to ages obtained for the oldest terrestrial minerals -- zircons from western Australia -- suggesting that the oldest crusts on both Earth and Moon formed at approximately the same time, and that this time dates from shortly after the giant impact.This study is the first in which a single sample of FAN yielded consistent ages from multiple isotope dating techniques. This result strongly suggests that these ages pinpoint the time at which the sample crystallized."The extraordinarily young age of this lunar sample either means that the Moon solidified significantly later than previous estimates, or that we need to change our entire understanding of the Moon's geochemical history," Carnegie Institute of Science's geochemist and study author Richard Carlson said.

WASHINGTON, June 6 (Xinhua) -- Women who have higher levels of the appetite-controlling hormone leptin have fewer symptoms of depression, and this apparent inverse relationship is not related to body mass index (BMI), a new study finds. The results were presented Monday at The Endocrine Society's 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston, the United States."Animal data suggest that leptin may reduce anxiety and improve depression. Our study in women suggests that leptin may indeed have antidepressant qualities," said the study's lead author, Elizabeth Lawson, of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston.Leptin, the product of fat cells, signals satiety, or fullness. It is low in thin women and high in obese women, according to Lawson. She also said there is an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression in certain conditions in which leptin levels are typically low. These include the eating disorder anorexia nervosa, in which there is abnormally low weight and body fat, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, in which women have stopped menstruating despite having normal weight."It is unknown whether low leptin levels contribute to the development of mood disorders in these women," Lawson said.She and her co-workers studied the relationship between leptin levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression in 64 women. Fifteen of the women had anorexia nervosa, 12 were normal weight with hypothalamic amenorrhea, 20 were normal weight and in good health, and 17 were overweight or obese but still healthy.All subjects were asked questions to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, with high scores indicating more symptoms. Besides measuring leptin levels in the blood, the researchers assessed the women's BMI, a measure of weight for height.The relationship between leptin and depression symptoms was independent of BMI. This finding indicates that leptin may mediate symptoms of depression and that this effect is not a function of low weight, Lawson said."Further research administering leptin to humans will be important in understanding whether this hormone has a potential role in the treatment of depression," she said.

BEIJING, Aug 4 (Xinhuanet) – A new urine test might help doctors detect prostate cancer and better evaluate a patient's treatment options, according to American reseachers Thursday."This is a tool that men and their physician can use to help them decide whether it's appropriate to get a biopsy now or delay that decision," said lead researcher Dr. Scott Tomlins, a pathology resident at the University of Michigan Health System.The test looks for two genetic markers associated with prostate cancer. The first, called TMPRSS2:ERG, is caused by two genes changing places and fusing together; it is thought to cause prostate cancer. Since the gene fusion is only seen in about half of cancer patients, the test also looks for another marker, called PCA3."We are exploiting some new bio-markers to try to refine the PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test," Tomlins said.

BEIJING, August 3 (Xinhuanet) -- Women who experience any form of gender-based violence are at greater risk of mental health disorders and related dysfunction and disability, according to Australian researchers Wednesday.Those who'd been through at least one form of this abuse -- which includes intimate partner violence, rape, sexual assault, or stalking -- were almost three times more likely to experience a mental health condition than those who were never victimized, according to Susan Rees, PhD of the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and her colleagues.Those who'd experienced three or four forms had an 11-fold greater risk, reported in the Aug. 3 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.The study "reveals a pattern of social disadvantage, disability, and impaired quality of life among women who have experienced gender-based violence," the researchers wrote.

BERLIN, June 10 (Xinhua) -- The German state of North Rhine-Westphalia said Friday it detected for the first time the deadly E.coli strain o104 on bean sprouts, after they were named the source of the outbreak by Germany's national disease control centre. "According to our knowledge, the bean sprouts are coming from the recent suspicious farm in Bienenbuettel in the state of Lower Saxony," said Johannes Remmel, consumer protection minister.The sprouts were found in an opened package which had been left in a dustbin of a family, living near the city of Bonn. Two of the family members had eaten the sprouts and contracted the E. coli infection in mid-May, he said.A notice warning consumers not to eat raw bean sprouts is seen at a market in Berlin, capital of Germany, June 10, 2011. The German authority said on Friday bean sprouts were probably the source of the E. coli outbreak, which has killed 30 people and infected about 3,000 around the world. Reinhard Burger, president of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany's national disease control center said the Robert Koch Institute was lifting its warning against eating cucumbers, tomatoes and lettuce but keeping the warning in place for the sprouts."The discovery confirms our current warning against the consumption of bean sprouts. It is therefore becoming increasingly more likely that bean sprouts are the source of the E.coli infections," Remmel said.The news came after Reinhard Burger, President of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), said in the morning bean sprouts were the source for the outbreak based on a epidemiological investigation."People who ate (bean) sprouts were found nine times more likely to have bloody diarrhoea or other signs of E. coli infection than those who did not," he saidHowever, no sample tests had found the o104 strain on bean sprouts when he announced that conclusion. Laboratory tests have shown Germany made mistakes in identifying the outbreak source on two previous occasions.At the same time, RKI lifted the warning against cucumbers, tomatoes and lettuce."Enjoy lettuce, cucumbers and tomatoes. They are healthy for you," said Andreas Hensel, president of the German Federal Risk Assessment Institute (BFR), which is a co-leader in the action against E. coli.In the city of Hamburg, an epicentre for the disease, farmers protested in the city centre by offering tons of lettuce and cucumbers for free to anyone who wanted them when the news was announced. Suddenly, pedestrians turned from reluctant to eager takers, reported local news agency DPA.