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A new report through the Brookings Institute found that COVID-19 is the third leading cause of death for Black Americans.A former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention agrees with that.The Brookings report looks deeper at disparities. It says the mortality rate for Black Americans is more than twice that for Asian or white Americans.“So, only cancer and heart disease will kill more African Americans this year,” said Trevon Logan, a professor of economics at The Ohio State University. “So, things like stroke, diabetes, all of those are taking a back seat to the coronavirus.”Logan is one of the authors of the report, which finds the impact of the pandemic has disproportionately hit Black Americans in terms of health and money.Some of the contributing problems are a lack of access to care, more dense housing making it easier to be exposed to the virus, African Americans are more likely to be front line workers, and they’re more likely to be in low-wage jobs that have led to high levels of unemployment.“We were devasted in the last great recession and were only beginning to come out of that tunnel, that dark tunnel, in the last year,” said Logan. “So, these setbacks that are experienced by the African American community both in terms of health and economically are simply a different, or a magnitude that they are for the population overall.”Logan says the pandemic has exposed the lack of a safety net to get us through times of crisis. He says there needs to be policies to help all who are unemployed, not just race specific. 1573
A survey of parents across the United States estimates that one in 40 children has autism spectrum disorder, according to a study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics.In other words, the condition was reported in 2.5% of children, representing an estimated 1.5 million kids ages 3 to 17.A report released this year by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated the prevalence at one in 59 children or about 1.7%, based on 2014 data."Prevalence is not growing that rapidly, although the CDC's data suggests it is still growing," Thomas Frazier, chief science officer of the advocacy organization Autism Speaks, said in an emailed statement. He was not involved in the new report."What is happening is that these studies use methods that are a bit more liberal and inclusive than the CDC's methods," Frazier said, adding that he prefers the CDC's numbers but understands "that they are likely a bit conservative."The new study is based on the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, which was conducted by the US Census Bureau and which collected information from parents of more than 50,000 children up to age 17. To be included in the estimate, parents would have had to report that their child had ever received a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and that they currently had the condition.The new numbers were also slightly lower than those in the 2017 National Health Interview Survey. It estimated that 2.76% of children had ever received such a diagnosis, which the authors of the new report note is a broader definition.The fact that the new study relies on parental reporting -- which is not validated by health and education records, as in the CDC report -- may be a limitation despite the broad scope of the research, the authors say.Frazier said the 1-in-40 figure is "generally consistent with previous parent surveys and other direct prevalence studies where researchers directly screen for and attempt to identify autism."The parents in the new study also reported more difficulties getting the health care their children need, versus those with Down syndrome, or other behavioral disorder, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder."Though we've seen progress in recent years, this confirms what we know from our parents -- that many children face unacceptable delays in getting a diagnostic evaluation, even after parents, teachers or other caregivers have recognized the signs of autism," Frazier said.In the new study, more than a quarter of children with autism spectrum disorder were taking medication for symptoms related to the condition, and nearly two-thirds have received "behavioral treatments" in the past year, the study says.It also found a higher prevalence for autism spectrum disorder among certain groups such as boys, children of single mothers and households below the federal poverty level, compared with those at least four times above that income threshold.The differences between the new study's numbers and those of the CDC study might be explained by the years they were conducted, the ages of children studied and where they lived, according to the new study.The CDC report was based on data collected from 11 communities across the country but was not necessarily nationally representative, according to that report's co-author Daisy Christensen, surveillance team lead in the developmental disabilities branch of the CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities."Parents know their child best," Christensen, who was not involved in the new report, previously told CNN. "We want to encourage parents to be aware of their child's development, to be aware of the milestones that children achieve."Autism spectrum disorder, a lifelong developmental disability, is characterized by problems with communication and social interaction with accompanying repetitive behavior patterns.The authors note that it's difficult to compare the new report with prior iterations due to updates in how the survey collected its data and how questions were worded."We cannot tell what proportion was explained by internal survey changes rather than external factors," the authors wrote.Still, the report comes as estimated prevalences of the disorder have been rising for decades."Over the '80s and '90s, the diagnostic criteria expanded to include more children," Christensen said, "so I think that's definitely a possibility for the increase that we've seen."In the past, more than half of children identified with autism also had intellectual disability, and now it's about a third, she said. "And that's really consistent with identifying children who are perhaps at the milder end of the spectrum."The new study's authors also note that universal screening recommendations in the 2000s may have led to a rise in prevalence among younger children, for example."Because there is no biological marker, [autism spectrum disorder] is a particularly challenging condition to track," the authors note.But understanding how common it is allows health experts to distribute resources and get families the help they need, according to Frazier."Having prevalence estimates -- even if there is some variation -- helps us to advocate for improved screening, diagnosis, interventions and supports," he said. 5314

A mother in Clarksville, Tennessee has been charged after the death of her 4-month-old daughter.Officials said they responded to a home in the 200 block of Orleans Drive after 11:30 a.m. Saturday on a call of an unresponsive child.Officers found the 4-month-old not breathing. They performed CPR, and the baby was taken to Tennova Hospital where she failed to regain consciousness and passed away.Detectives investigated the infant’s death leading to a criminal homicide charge against the baby’s mother, 25-year-old Sarah Danielle Scribner.A witness, identified in a police affidavit as Aeriel Shiraef, told authorities Scribner called her and said she'd done something bad. Scribner allegedly told Shiraef she had stopped the baby from crying by putting her hand over the infant's mouth. She added the infant was no longer breathing.Scribner was booked into the Montgomery County Jail. 916
A sharply divided U.S. Supreme Court has denied a rural Nevada church’s request to strike down as unconstitutional a 50-person cap on worship services as part of the state’s ongoing response to the coronavirus. In a 5-4 decision Friday, the high court refused to grant the request from the Christian church east of Reno to be subjected to the same COVID-19 restrictions in Nevada that allow casinos, restaurants and others to operate at 50% of capacity. The church argued the hard cap on religious gatherings was an unconstitutional violation of its First Amendment rights. Chief Justice John Roberts sided with the majority in denying the request without explanation. 676
A pair of durable boots is a must-have in anyone's winter wardrobe -- and a team of archaeologists has found a timeless pair in a very unlikely place.The skeleton of a man, dating back around 500 years, has been discovered face down in the mud under London's River Thames, with his thigh-high leather footwear remaining virtually intact.The find was made in Bermondsey, south London, by archaeologist working on London's new "super sewer," a £4.2 billion (.4 billion) tunnel that will capture, store and transfer raw sewage and rainwater that currently overflows into the river. The mystery of the man's sturdy (and sought after) footwear has prompted the team to investigate further.Leather was an expensive commodity in Tudor times, and it is unlikely someone would be buried wearing such a highly prized item, according to MOLA Headland, the firm leading the project -- meaning the man's demise was likely premature.But the company notes that the banks of the Thames were a hazardous place in the late 15th and early 16th century, to which the skeleton has been dated.He may have been "a fisherman, a mudlark or perhaps a sailor," the archaeologists speculated."By studying the boots we've been able to gain a fascinating glimpse into the daily life of a man who lived as many as 500 years ago," said Beth Richardson, Finds Specialist at MOLA Headland."They have helped us to better understand how he may have made his living in hazardous and difficult conditions, but also how he may have died. It has been a privilege to be able to study something so rare and so personal," Richardson added.The boots were built with extra soles and stuffed with moss or a similar material to help them last in tough terrain, according to the firm's conservation experts.Investigation of the man's bones has also provided further clues to the mystery.He was likely to have died under the age of 35 and had deep groves in his teeth most likely caused "by a repetitive action, like passing rope between his teeth as a fisherman might," according to the company. 2057
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