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BEIJING, Jan. 17 (Xinhuanet) -- India has reported the first case of "totally drug-resistant tuberculosis," a long-feared and virtually untreatable form of the killer lung disease.Similar highly resistant cases have been noted before. In 2003, two Italian women died and there were 15 cases reported from Iran in 2009. That same year, The Associated Press reported on a case of a Peruvian teenager who was infected at home but diagnosed while visiting Florida.Such kind of TB has mostly been limited to impoverished areas, and has not spread widely. But experts believe there could be many undocumented cases.No one expects the Indian TB strains to rapidly spread elsewhere.The airborne disease is mainly transmitted through close personal contact and isn't nearly as contagious as the flu. Indeed, most of the cases of this kind of TB were not from person-to-person infection but were mutations that occurred in poorly treated patients.The Indian hospital that saw the initial cases tested a dozen medicines and none of them worked. A TB expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said they do appear to be totally resistant to available drugs."It is concerning," said Dr. Kenneth Castro, director of the CDC's Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. "Anytime we see something like this, we better get on top of it before it becomes a more widespread problem."Ordinary TB is easily cured by taking antibiotics for six to nine months. However, if that treatment is interrupted or the dose is cut down, the stubborn bacteria battle back and mutate into a tougher strain that can no longer be killed by standard drugs. The disease becomes harder and more expensive to treat.Tuberculosis is an age-old scourge that lies dormant in an estimated one in three people. About 10 percent of those people eventually develop active TB, which kills roughly 2 million a year, according to WHO. Each victim infects an average of 10 to 15 others every year, typically through sneezing or coughing.If a TB case is found to be resistant to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, the patient is classified as having multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR). An even worse classification of TB — one the WHO accepts — is extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), a form of the disease that was first reported in 2006 and is virtually resistant to all drugs.About 20 percent of the world's multi-drug-resistant cases were found in India, which is home to a quarter of all types of tuberculosis cases worldwide.
BEIJING, Nov. 20 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday morning put two satellites into orbit from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China's Gansu Province.The satellites, Chuangxin 1-03 and Shiyan Satellite 4 were launched on a Long March 2D carrier rocket at 8:15 a.m. Beijing Time, said a Xinhua photographer, who witnessed the whole process.The Chuangxin 1-03, developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, will be used to collect and relay water conservancy, hydrological and meteorological data and data for power supply and disaster relief from monitoring stations.The Shiyan Satellite 4 will be used for experiments on space technologies and environment probe. Developed by the Chinese Research Institute of Space Technology, it is the country's fourth technology experiment satellite.The launch was the 151th of China's Long March series of rockets. The Long March-2D is one of the derivations of Long March-2.China started development of modern carrier rockets in 1956, and Long March rockets have become the main carriers for China's satellite launching.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Children with autism have more brain cells and heavier brains compared to typically developing children, according to a study to be published on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The small, preliminary study provides direct evidence for possible prenatal causes of autism.The prefrontal cortex is involved in various higher order functions such as language and communication, social behavior, mood, and attention. Children who have autism tend to show deficits in such functions.Eric Courchesne, of the University of San Diego School of Medicine Autism Center of Excellence, and colleagues conducted direct counts of brain cells in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex in postmortem brains of seven boys who had autism and six typically developing males, ranging in age from 2-16 years. Most participants had died in accidents, but the researchers did not base their selection on causes of death.The researchers found that children with autism had 67 percent more neurons in the prefrontal cortex and heavier brains for their age compared to typically developing children. Since these neurons are produced before birth, the study's findings suggest that faulty prenatal cell birth or maintenance may be involved in the development of autism. Another possible factor that may contribute to the neuronal excess is a reduction in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which normally occurs during the third trimester and early postnatal life.Though small, this preliminary study examined all relevant postmortem tissue available at the time. The relative scarcity of tissue from very young children may limit future research as well, but efforts to include a larger number of samples are needed to confirm these findings and to identify patterns of age-related changes in autism, the researchers say."Earlier studies of head circumference and early brain overgrowth have pointed us in this direction, but there have been few quantitative neuroanatomical studies due to the lack of postmortem tissue from children with autism," said Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, in a statement. "These new results, along with an earlier study reporting altered wiring of the prefrontal cortex, focus our attention on this critical area of the brain in autism."
BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- China will push to properly resolve the case of a Chinese skipper indicted by Japan, the Foreign Ministry said Friday.Spokesman Hong Lei said this is a common fishing case, and the Chinese embassy in Japan has dispatched officials to visit the skipper.China requests that Japan ensure the rights of the Chinese skipper, Hong said, and China is communicating closely with Japan in order to properly resolve the case.The Chinese government has been requiring fishermen to fish legally, Hong said, adding that the competent authorities have done a lot in this area, and he promised to promote the management and education of Chinese fishermen.Japanese prosecutors have indicted the captain of a Chinese fishing boat for illegally operating in Japanese waters, a local official said Friday.The Nagasaki District Public Prosecutors Office has finalized its case against Zhong Jinyin, 39, following his December 20 arrest near islands off southwest Japan, according to the official.The prosecutors have not indicated whether the skipper has admitted to the charge.
VIENNA, Nov. 25 (Xinhua) -- China is to further help the least developed countries (LDCs) in their development effort through zero-tariff treatment and other measures, Yu Jianhua, China's Assistant Commerce Minister said here Friday.Addressing a LDCs Ministerial Meeting in Vienna, Yu said China will focus on six concrete measures to advance the implementation of the Programme of Action (IPoA), adopted by the Fourth United Nations Conference on LDCs in Istanbul in May.First, as announced by Chinese president Hu Jintao during the G20 summit in Cannes, China would, in the context of South-South cooperation, give zero-tariff treatment to 97 percent of the tariff items of exports to China from the LDCs that have diplomatic relations with China.Second, tilt foreign aid further to the LDCs.Third, carry out cooperation in livelihood projects in the LDCs, including hospital, school, domestic water use and clear energy.Fourth, strengthen agricultural cooperation with the LDCs, including the increase of food aid, dispatching agricultural and technical experts.Fifth, strengthen personnel education in the LDCs to build capacity for self-development.Sixth, continuously promote the establishment of economic and trade cooperation zone in the LDCs by Chinese companies.Yu said that debt crisis in some countries, turmoil in financial markets, inflation pressure in emerging countries; extreme weather and recurrent natural disasters have brought enormous harm to the economies of the LDCs.In this situation, the global community should stand united to give more supports to the LDCs, he stressed.For a long time, China has actively supported the LDCs, under the framework of the South-South Cooperation, through economic and technical aids, debt reduction and personnel training and increase of imports from these countries, he said.Meanwhile, Yu praised the unique role of the UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in implementing the IPoA, helping structural transformation in the LDCs and promoting the sustainable development.He also said that the Chinese government would continue to support the UNIDO and help the LDCs develop their economies in an all-round way.
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