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Next week, the U.S. House and Senate will take up police reform bills.The House will address qualified immunity on a national level. It's a doctrine implemented by the U.S. Supreme Court that makes it difficult to sue police, even if one's constitutional rights are violated.The doctrine protects officers who can defend their actions because they didn't know their conduct was unconstitutional. That's because it wasn't “clearly established” in a prior court ruling.In practice, courts have dismissed civil rights lawsuits because there wasn't a previous case in the same location with the same circumstances. So, there's also no precedent for future cases. That's why the doctrine is criticized as a "catch 22."“That kind of ‘does this officer get the benefit of the doubt?’ type of inquiry gives judges just lots of room based on their interpretation, their view of whether this seems like a bad case or not, and it means that the judge is taking cases away from the jury based on their own views of the facts,” said Brandon Garrett, professor of law at Duke University.“The way to truly understand it is to look at in the context, as a lot of people are suddenly looking at it when police uses force, and particularly when it's deadly force,” said Aderson Francois, professor of law at Georgetown UniversityThe officers involved in a wrongful death lawsuit in Washington D.C. are expected to claim qualified immunity. In 2018, Marqueese Alston was shot and killed by police while running away. The court will only look at it from the perspective of police and if they reasonably feared for their lives.“What the court will not do is to ask did my client, a 22-year-old black man in DC have a reasonable fear for the police that caused him to run away in the first place,” said Francois.It's important to point out that officers do not personally foot the bill in these cases.“It's about the municipality, the county, the city,” said Garrett. “They're the ones who are paying. They're the ones who should be held accountable. After all, if this officer was poorly trained or didn't have the right support from colleagues, it's not the officer's fault necessarily.”Qualified immunity makes it so the constitutional issue is never addressed. Even if the doctrine disappears, it's still difficult to win a constitutional claim. 2335

NEW YORK (AP) — Mary Trump's scathing memoir about her uncle, President Donald Trump, is nearly a million seller on preorders alone. Simon & Schuster announced Thursday that Mary Trump's "Too Much and Never Enough" had sold a company record 950,000 copies as of its date of sale, earlier this week. Another anti-Trump book from Simon & Schuster, former National Security Advisor John Bolton's "The Room Where It Happened," sold nearly 800,000 copies in its first week when released last month. President Trump and his allies had tried to stop both books from coming out but have failed. 602

NEW YORK (AP) — In a litmus test for American moviegoing in the pandemic, Christopher Nolan’s “Tenet” brought in an estimated .2 million through the holiday weekend in U.S. and Canadian theaters. The result could be greeted as either the rejuvenation of U.S. cinemas — more Americans went to the movies this weekend than they have in nearly six months — or a reflection of drastically lowered standards for Hollywood’s top blockbusters given the circumstances. About 70% of U.S. movie theaters are currently open. Those in the country’s top markets, Los Angeles and New York, remain closed. Warner Bros. has emphasized that the usual opening-weekend calculus is out the window. Few onlookers felt it was possible to gauge how “Tenet” would open. The film, which cost 0 million to make and at least 0 million to market, will need to get close to 0 million to break even.The Walt Disney Co. also debut its 0 million live-action “Mulan” remake, but did so in a on-demand purchase for Disney+ subscribers. 1028

New details in the case of 13-year-old Patricia Alatorre who was allegedly raped and murdered last week by a man from Los Angeles who she communicated with on social media. The details in those court documents are very graphic, much of which wouldn't be appropriate to release.It was in the neighborhood near Wible Rd and Hosking Ave where police say 13-year-old Patricia Alatorre was kidnapped near her home last week. Documents revealed a lot of information about how she communicated with her suspected 24-year-old killer, the kind of communication they had prior to her death, and the tragic way she lost her life."That's sad. That's unacceptable. We don't want anybody killed, but it's incredibly sad when people kill children," said Kern County District Attorney Cynthia Zimmer.Zimmer shared her thoughts after court documents were released Wednesday morning detailing the tragic events leading up to Alatorre's death. Officials said she was killed in South Bakersfield shortly after midnight on July 2nd after 24-year-old Armando Cruz from Inglewood communicated with her on social media over the course of a week. They would send explicit photos to each other, according to documents.Things would take a turn for the worst, according to Bakersfield Police Sgt. Robert Pair."As you can imagine this is a particularly sensitive case. It's involving details that is especially graphic."Documents state Cruz convinced Alatorre to meet with him to engage in explicit acts on two occasions despite knowing she was only 13. He drove from Los Angeles to Bakersfield to meet her. On the second encounter, Cruz drove her around the block as she screamed, telling him she didn't want to go with him.It was about this time documents state she was raped. She tried to get up and physically struggled with Cruz and that's when he allegedly strangled her and tied her up with duct tape. He then took her body with him but the details following are too graphic to release.On Sunday night Cruz was arrested by BPD in Los Angeles County and brought back to Bakersfield. On Tuesday he was charged with 12 felony counts."The first count is first-degree murder and in connection with first-degree murder, I charged four special circumstances which carry the penalty of life without the possibility of parole, in prison, or the death penalty," explained Zimmer.Cruz has pleaded not guilty to that first-degree murder charge and all other felony charges, including kidnapping, and aggravated sexual assault. He is due back in court on July 30th. 2538

NEW YORK (AP) — Citigroup's Jane Fraser will become the first woman ever to lead a Wall Street bank when she succeeds CEO Michael Corbat in February. The New York bank announced the succession Thursday. Fraser is currently head of Citi's global consumer banking division, a major part of the bank that oversees checking and savings accounts but also Citi's massive credit card business. For 16 years, Fraser has worked in various departments within Citi:- 2015-19: Chief Executive Officer of Citi’s Latin American region.- 2013-15: Chief Executive Officer of the U.S. Consumer and Commercial Banking and CitiMortgage. - 2009-13: Chief Executive Officer of Citi's Private Bank. - 2007-09: Global Head of Strategy and Mergers & Acquisitions.In 2004, she joined the company in its Corporate and Investment Banking division.She previously worked at McKinsey & Company, Goldman Sachs, and Asesores Bursátiles.Fraser also serves as a member of the Board of Dean’s Advisors at Harvard Business School and Stanford University’s Global Advisory Council. She's also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.She earned her M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and an M.A. in economics from Cambridge University.Fraser's climb to the CEO role is a major accomplishment in an industry long dominated by men. Corbat led Citigroup for eight years, rebuilding the company after it nearly collapsed during the Great Recession and 2008 financial crisis.Corbat had been with the company for 37 years. 1500

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